The cyclist told officers that he was cycling along Thamesdown Drive late at night when the incident occurred.
Wiltshire Police's North Swindon team recounted the tale, in a light-hearted fashion, on its Facebook page.
It said: "One of our more unusual reports in the last week has been from someone who had a close shave with a bristly character in North Swindon.
"A cyclist was riding on the path by Thamesdown Drive near Redhouse at night when an aggressive badger rushed out of the undergrowth and attacked him on his bike.
"The shaken rider escaped by a whisker from this black and white case of assault - pretty paw behaviour indeed.
"In all seriousness badgers can be territorial, bold and very hostile, so do be wary if you come across one at night and give it a wide berth.
"Meanwhile if you've been sett upon or badgered by this offender let us know."
Sheep can be dangerous too. The Vet author of "All Creatures Great and Small" found a flock eating the flowers in his garden one morning and tried to shoo them away. They attacked him and broke his leg!