© ReutersThe Brazilian navy said the fire had destroyed the entire station
The Comandante Ferraz base near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula was destroyed by an explosion on Saturday.
Officials said the blast was caused by a fire which raged through the base, where marine research work is carried out.
A third member of the navy injured in the fire is in a stable condition.
Defence Minister Celso Amorim praised the military personnel's bravery.
"In an act of heroism, they risked their lives to extinguish the fire, but did not succeed," Mr Amorim said.
He said all the scientists from the station had been evacuated to Punto Arenas in Chile, from where they will be taken to Brazil on Sunday.
The military personnel stayed in Antarctica, but sought temporary shelter at Chile's Eduardo Frei research base.
© BBC
Fifty-nine people were stationed at the base on King George Island when the fire broke out on Saturday morning.
The Comandante Ferraz base was equipped with research laboratories, dormitories, a large-scale kitchen, a library, and technical installation used by expedition boats.
An investigation is under way to establish the cause of the blaze.
Researchers said the burning down of the station was "an incalculable loss to science".
Maybe just a coincidence, but it seems to me that there has been a lot of news regarding Antarctica over the past few months.
There was that Russian team drilling to an ancient lake, the was some Russians thought to be missing (the same ones I think, so not actually missing), there was something about a US/RUS group checking to make sure no one weaponized the continent, and now this. I probably even missed a few events.