December 25, 2005
By Paul de Rooij
During 2005 the Israelis and most main
media trumpeted the "disengagement" from Gaza, and claimed that
bold steps had been taken to resolve the conflict. Despite these
claims, the reality is that more Palestinian land has been stolen,
many have been dispossessed, and ethnic cleansing has been
exacerbated especially in Jerusalem. Meanwhile Israelis are
orchestrating a propaganda campaign to hide this latest sordid
chapter of dispossession. The main feature of this campaign is its
invisibility: Israel and its media surrogates are effectively
diverting attention from what is happening on the ground. There are
virtually no reports about the progress of the construction of the
wall and the effect it is having on those caught in its path.
Furthermore, it is evident that events have been stage-managed and
over hyped to divert media attention elsewhere, e.g., the hoopla
surrounding the eviction of the settlers in Gaza [1]. The third
feature is the adoption of propaganda-tainted words; these are a
subtle means of altering the perception of the Palestinian
condition and the nature of Israeli actions -- and these are the
focus of this article.
Words are very important. Words frame issues, palliate, mollify,
exculpate or even hide sordid acts. Words like "disengagement",
"viable state", "barrier or fence", etc., alter our understanding
of the Palestinian condition under the unrelenting ethnic cleansing
that has been the norm during the past decades. Invariably western
media and its coterie of "analysts" use propaganda-tainted words
when referring to Israeli actions and the Palestinian condition.
The list below analyses a few of the prevalent words that hide or
exculpate the dispossession of millions [2].
Abused
terms or curious new terminology
(alphabetic order)
|
Translation
|
American
arbitration
|
"Honest broker" -- all over
again
The
Israelis refuse to engage in any negotiations with the
Palestinians; all the "disengagement" measures were imposed
unilaterally. However, the semblance of negotiations is necessary
and the US has adopted the role of arbitrator. The US seeks to
create the appearance that negotiations are taking place even
though the Israelis refuse to have face-to-face talks. The US has
taken on this role despite the fact that it funds Israel to the
tune of billions of dollars, shields them diplomatically from
international censure, and so on. Usually a mediator is a neutral
party without a conflict of interest. Never mind, for propaganda
purposes the US still can be called "honest broker" or
"arbitrator".
|
Apartheid
lights
|
Traffic lights favoring
Jews
"... a B'Tselem researcher from
the Shuafat refugee camp, cites the existence of a relatively new
term in the lexicon of discrimination in the eastern part of the
capital, "Apartheid traffic lights." There are almost no traffic
lights in the Arab neighborhoods of Jerusalem. Stoplights exist
mainly in those rare locations where there is Jewish traffic. In
these cases, for example the stoplights north of the French Hill
intersection, the time allotted to Arab traffic from the direction
of Shuafat is much less than the time allotted to cars coming from
the Jewish neighborhood. As a result, during many hours of the day
there are long lines of vehicles waiting at the intersection on the
"Arab" roads." [3]
|
Concessions
|
Desire for a goodwill response
to Israeli unilaterally imposed measures
In
mid-2005, when the Israelis unilaterally imposed measures in what
came to be known as the disengagement, the Israelis and their
apologists expressed a desire for Palestinian "concessions" in
response to Israeli "goodwill". Their assumption is that Israeli
actions are permeated with goodwill towards the Palestinians --
surely the first case of ethnic cleansers demonstrating goodwill
towards their victims.
There are
numerous counter-examples demonstrating sheer Israeli
mean-spiritedness towards Palestinians. It is instructive to read
about the recent negotiations surrounding the border crossings
between Gaza and Egypt, or the transport link between Gaza and
the West
Bank. In Gideon Levy's
words: "Anyone reviewing these press accounts will discover the
main components characterizing Israel's behavior toward the
Palestinians -- the evasiveness, the lack of a modicum of goodwill
and the failure to honor agreements." [4]
|
Conflict
Management
|
Israel is imposing a "solution" on the Palestinians,
and this is called the "disengagement". Since there are no
negotiations, there is no reason why the Palestinians should accept
the outcome and some may decide to pursue the armed struggle.
"Conflict management" talks are discussions with Palestinian
collaborators to suppress the armed resistance. (q.v.
peace)
|
Controversial
|
Mainstream
journalists are incapable of suggesting that building colonial
settlements is illegal. The euphemism of choice is "controversial".
Of course, later on they will suggest that it is "not reasonable"
to remove the colonial settlement -- it was merely controversial,
not illegal or unethical [5]. (q.v. it is not reasonable)
|
Disengagement
|
The
so-called disengagement was the imposition of a series of
unilateral measures that led to the redeployment of Israeli forces
in Gaza, limited removal of the settlement colonies, and an
acceleration of the dispossession and ethnic cleansing in the West
Bank and Jerusalem. While the propagandists sought to emphasize the
pullout from Gaza, it is clear that they sought to hide the sordid
developments in the West Bank, or the implications for the Gazan
population of the Israeli control from the perimeter of the
enclave.
|
Ethnic
thinning
|
Retail ethnic
cleansing
Jerusalem
city officials recently revealed a new master plan for the
city:
"The plan involves thinning out
the population in all quarters of the Old City, except the only one restored so far -- the
Jewish Quarter -- as a means of slowing down the rapid population
growth." [6]
|
Internal
security
|
Repression on the Palestinian
reservations
The only
role accorded by the Israelis to Palestinian Authority is for
"internal security", i.e., repressing its own people. Israel would
dearly like to see the PA repress all the armed groups, and
"dismantle the terrorist infrastructure."
|
Israel Proper
|
Conceded theft (proper
theft)
"Israel
proper" is a propaganda term for Israeli land over which there
cannot be negotiations -- this land was stolen, but now it should
be considered to be "Israeli" without referring to its dubious
origins. All of Israel was established on land stolen from
the native Palestinian population, and the implication of "proper"
is that the land has now been granted to Israel by whoever uses
this term. The implication also is that one shouldn’t discuss
the 1948 ethnic cleansing and the mass dispossession of the native
population. The fact that this term concedes most of the land
stolen in 1948 is part of the problem: it views the conflict only
in terms of the 1967 conquest to the exclusion of the land and
rights of the Palestinian refugees and those who managed to remain
in what is now Israel.
Furthermore, since Israel doesn’t have
defined borders it follows "Israel proper" has no defined borders
either. The demarcation of UN resolution 181 should have been a
border for Israel, but until recently the Green Line demarcated
"Israel proper", and slowly the wall will be considered the border
of Israel "proper"; that is, until Israel decides to annex yet more
land to incorporate one of its colonies in the West Bank or to
appropriate another section of Jerusalem. And, of course, one
should not forget that "Israel proper" also includes land stolen
from Syria in 1967. The meaning of "proper" is constantly
expanding.
The
"proper" designation seems to apply only to Israel, and there
isn’t another country with border or land disputes which is
referred to in the same manner. For example, there isn't a term
"Britain proper", although it has an illegitimate claim over some
islands, Gibraltar... Or the US with a dubious claim over
Guantanamo, Diego Garcia (although it was the British who
ethnically cleansed the islands for the US), Puerto Rico...
|
It is not
reasonable to expect the settlers to be removed...
|
The thieves cannot be
evicted
If
removing 8,000 settlers from Gaza created such a ruckus, then "it
is not reasonable" to expect to remove the settlers from the West
Bank or East
Jerusalem. Even though the
colonial settlements are illegal under international law, and their
construction was rightly seen as a means of precluding a peaceful
negotiated settlement, the Israelis and their apologists aim to
portray the settlements in the West Bank as permanent and beyond
contention -- soon they will be considered part of "Israel
proper".
|
Light
killing
|
Sanctioned
murder
"Even before the current intifada, in
Hebron in 1996, an Israeli
settler fatally pistol-whipped 11-year-old Hilmi Shusha. An Israeli
judge first acquitted the murderer, saying the child "died on his
own as a result of emotional pressure." After numerous appeals and
under pressure from the Supreme Court, which termed the act "light
killing", the judge reconsidered and, as the Aqsa Intifada was
raging, sentenced the killer to six months, community service and a
fine of a few thousand dollars. The boy's father accused the court
of issuing a "license to kill." Gideon Levy of Ha'aretz
eloquently described the fine as the "end-of-the-season clearance
price on children's lives," referring to the findings of B'tselem,
Israel's leading human rights organization, which documented dozens
of similar cases in which perpetrators were either acquitted or
received a slap on the wrist." [7]
|
Look forward
and find innovative solutions
|
Ignore history and avoid
references to justice
At a
recent Harvard Univ. lecture, Shimon Peres stated that: "we should
look forward and find innovative solutions." This was deemed to be
such a sagely remark that it was used as a preface to the
Dershowitz vs. Chomsky Harvard Univ. debate on 29 Nov. 2005.
What Peres
is suggesting is that the history of the conflict be ignored, and
that proposed solutions shouldn’t address the injustice
perpetrated in the past, i.e., ruling out restitution,
compensation. The Rand Corporation's recent plans are "innovative
solutions": railroads, tunnels, bridges, high tech checkpoints --
preferably paid for by the US or the EU. All of these don't address
the need to rectify the injustice of the 1948 and 1967 phases of
the ethnic cleansing and the incessant house demolitions.
Restitution is necessary, but Peres will not consider it an
"innovative solution".
Of course
some history is more equal than others; when it comes to WWII, then
one should never forget history, and always seek restitution for
former Jewish property. When it comes to the 1948 ethnic cleansing
of Palestinians, then this chapter should be ignored -- one should
only "look forward" -- and there should be no suggestion of
restitution. However, it is up to the victims of a conflict to
declare "let bygones be bygones" or to forsake their claim to
restitution; it is certainly not up to Shimon Peres, a
representative of the ethnic cleansers, to say so.
|
Managing
resources
|
Stealing
resources
A few
years ago Israeli water management experts met their Palestinian
counterparts to agree on managing water resources. Some agreements
were obtained, but later the Palestinians discovered that the
Israelis would be pumping more water than agreed (Israelis
installed a 40 inch pipe, far larger than that stipulated in the
"agreements"). Palestinians also found that they would have to
purchase most of their water from the Israeli water companies
instead of pumping it themselves [8]. Furthermore, Palestinians found that future
increases in water demand would have to be met from "new sources",
i.e., buying it from Israeli desalination plants -- while at the
same time Israelis will pump more water from the West Bank
aquifer.
Natural
gas fields off the coast of Gaza are "managed" by an Israeli
company, and no revenue from this resource is forthcoming to the
de jure owners of the resource. Under the Geneva
conventions, an occupying power is not allowed to exploit natural
resources belonging to the occupied territories unless the occupied
population consents.
|
Moderate
|
Right-wing
extremist
Now that
Ariel Sharon has decided to split away from the Likud party,
commentators often state that his new party will be "centrist", and
that Sharon should be viewed as a "moderate". Gideon Levy's
interpretation is very revealing:
"Sharon and Mofaz, the moderates,
are responsible for the most brutal policy Israel has ever
conducted in the territories. In fact, they are today the two most
extreme politicians on the right. Shimon Peres, who is portrayed as
even more moderate than them, has given his full support to their
policy. Therefore, he is also an extremist. Avi Dichter and Moshe
Ya'alon, the next great hopes of the right and the "moderates,"
stood at the helm of the two organizations that carry out violent
and brutal actions, without restraint, against a helpless civilian
population. They cannot be considered moderates by any standard.
They are responsible for much more injustice, killing and
destruction than the entire "extreme" right.
...
The distinction between
extremists and moderates in Israeli society must, therefore,
undergo an urgent revision. The use of these terms in their current
formula is misleading. In this way, Sharon and, in fact, Peres have
succeeded in deceiving Israelis and the entire world in presenting
themselves as moderates. But a moderate is only someone who
recognizes the existence of the Palestinians as a people with equal
rights and who is ready to draw the obvious political conclusions
from this. Whoever does not recognize the rights of the other and
ignores its existence is an extreme rightist, regardless of whether
his name is Feiglin, Mofaz, Netanyahu or Sharon."
-- Gideon Levy, "Feiglin is
preferable", Haaretz, 25 December 2005
|
Near
East
|
Nearer to you
AIPAC, the
principal pro-Israeli political action committee in the US, created
a pro-Israel think tank with this curious name: Washington
Institute for Near East Policy. One wonders why it wasn’t
named the "W.I. for Israeli Affairs". Reason: Israel doesn’t
want to be seen as part of the Middle East, and prefers to be seen
as part of the "near" East. That is, nearer to
Europe.
|
Negotiations
|
If it is yours, we
negotiate
Israelis
have an attitude that if there is a land or resource dispute, then
they are willing to negotiate as long as they are putatively under
control of the other party. However, when the land or resource is
within "Israel proper" then no negotiations should be countenanced.
(q.v. managing resources, and Israel proper)
Any right
to which the Palestinians aspire is a bargaining chip. The right to
travel, travel documents, communications between the West Bank and
Gaza, allocation of fisheries, etc., all are bargaining chips used
by Israel to get more concessions, especially on "security".
Negotiations don't deal with anything substantial, but with basic
rights that "westerners" would take for granted.
|
New
anti-semitism
|
Criticism of
Israel
Consider
that Israel is currently ethnically cleansing large areas of the
West Bank and East
Jerusalem. It is
implementing draconian measures against the remaining Palestinian
population with the intent of forcing them to emigrate. Yet, when
one criticizes these actions, or let alone condemns them, then one
is accused in turn of "anti-semitism"! The claims of "new
anti-semitism" are a smokescreen to deflect attention away from
sordid Israeli deeds.
Consider
also that those who are prone to label criticism of Israel as
anti-semitism are themselves anti-Arab racists and prone to negate
the humanity or even the existence of the Palestinians.
|
Outpost
|
Demarcation for a new
colony
"An Israeli structure (civilian or military)
beyond the 1949 Armistice Line that did not get official
recognition by the Israeli government. More often than not, these
outposts have the tacit approval of the Israeli government and are
the precursors to new colonies. Israeli governments usually delay
their recognition of those outposts for political
considerations." [9]
|
Peace
(NB: Ariel
Sharon's pronunciation of this word is closer to
"piss").
|
Yep, a dirty
word
Arnon
Soffer is one of Israel's Dr. Strangeloves, and the "father of the
wall". Consider what he thinks of "peace":
Question:
What will the end result of all this killing be?
Arnon
Soffer: The
Palestinians will be forced to realize that demography is no longer
significant, because we’re here and they’re there. And
then they will begin to ask for "conflict management" talks -- not
that dirty word "peace." Peace is a word for believers, and I have
no tolerance for believers -- neither those who wear yarmulkes nor
those who pray to the God of peace [10].
Peace is
indeed a dirty word when it is uttered without reference to
justice. Justice is a more potent concept than peace, and maybe a
superior slogan for those concerned with the Palestinian
condition.
|
Population
register
|
Prison warden register
book
Before the
"disengagement" Israel controlled the population register, and all
Palestinian births, deaths, marriages, and change of residence had
to be reported to the Israeli authorities. After the so-called
disengagement the Palestinian Authority in Gaza is still required
to report these data despite the fact that it putatively has gained
more independence [11].
|
Preserving
the settlers' security
|
Security for the ethnic
cleansers...
"On the ground, the creation and maintenance
of [the colonial settlement of] Ariel entailed and continues to
entail untold hardships to the Palestinians who happen to live in
the nearby town of Salfit and in numerous villages a long distance
all around. Palestinian inhabitants are exposed to ongoing
confiscation of their land so as to feed the land hunger of the
ever-expanding Ariel settlement, and their daily life are subjected
to increasingly stringent travel limitations in the name of
'preserving the settlers' security'." [12]
|
Respond
|
Collective
punishment
After each
suicide bombing or violent action against Israelis there are
incessant calls for a "response". The Israeli cabinet meets to
determine which act of collective punishment will be implemented.
The Israeli government uses the Palestinian population in the
occupied territories as hostages, and inflicts collective
punishment as a means of "deterrence". Israelis are always allowed
to respond; this is the prerogative of the occupier. Palestinians
are never allowed to respond, that would be referred to as
"terrorism".
This is
what Dr. Majeed Nassar, a doctor in Beit Sahour, has to say about
this:
"The absolute security notion expresses
Israel’s narrow-minded ideology revealed through [...] its
policy and its psychological structure: [...] The transformation of
the notion of security for the Israeli citizen into an abhorrent
racism that allows Israel to imprison an entire population by
putting them under siege in an attempt to force the Palestinian
resistance movement to surrender." [13]
|
Road
map
|
Road to nowhere
Dov
Weisglass's (Ariel Sharon's right-hand man) statement that
negotiations had been placed in formaldehyde and the subsequent US
approval of the so-called "disengagement" process put a stake
through the heart of the "road map" and rendered the Quartet
arbitration group meaningless. Even though the "road map" was
clearly dead, US State Dept. officials, the US president, and media
commentators still suggest that Palestinians should follow the
"road map". That is, Israel imposes unilateral measures, and yet
some still suggest that the Palestinians should follow a defunct
"road map".
On 26 Dec. 2005, when the BBC reported on the construction of
more houses in the occupied territories it stated that the "move
appears to breach commitments by Israel to freeze settlement
activity in occupied territory, under the US-backed 'road map'
peace plan [BBC Online, "Israel to build new settler homes"]." The
frequent references to the "breaching of the roadmap" have all to
do with propaganda. That is, the BBC or CNN prefer to state that a
certain Israeli policy, say, building more houses on occupied
territory, "breach the road map", instead of stating that it
"breaches international law". The "road map" remains as a
subterfuge to avoid stating that Israeli actions violate
international law.
|
Security
barrier or fence
|
The Wall
To give an
impression that a journalist or a newspaper is "balanced" when
reporting on the wall, the term "barrier" will be used. Pro-Israeli
media will usually refer to it as a "fence".
Furthermore, "security" is the adjective
often attached to the "barrier" term, e.g., Donald MacIntyre,
The Independent journalist, always uses the joint term:
"security barrier". However, the word security in this context
prejudges the purpose of the wall, and it is an Israeli-centric
interpretation of its purpose. In reality, the wall is a means to
annex more land, create miserable conditions for the Palestinians,
and to impose a boundary. Chomsky has described the wall as a
weapon, and this is a more accurate assessment of its
purpose [14].
|
Security zone |
Free fire zone In late December 2005, Israel
declared a security zone, i.e., an arbitrary area next to the
border with Gaza (on the Palestinian side) where anyone found there
would be shot. Furthermore, Israel is also developing
automatic machine guns emplaced on the wall which will shoot at
anything within an arbitrary distance. Even when the nature of
these killing zones is known, some journalists refer to them as
"security zones", e.g., Donald MacIntyre, "Israel launches Gaza air
strikes amid reports of 'security zone'", 28 December 2005. In
Vietnam, the US army instituted "free fire zones", i.e., whoever
was seen there would be killed (similar to the Israeli plan), land
mines scattered, or artillery would fire at random into an area.
NB: This amounted to a war crime. The "security zone" is a
euphemism for "free fire zones" which was itself a euphemism for
"killing zone". |
Removal of
settlements
|
Partial
measures
Israel is willing to give up some of its colonial
settlements, but it isn’t willing to give up "settlement
blocks". This is a crucial distinction made by Prof. Jeff Halper,
founder and director of ICAHD. Israel seeks to keep control over
the settlement blocks, i.e., a far larger area [15].
It is
important to note that one of the recommendations made by military
strategists to smash the intifada was to: "carry out 'temporary'
withdrawal of Israeli settlers from exposed and strategically low
value isolated settlements..." [16].
|
Sovereignty
|
Palestinian reservation
management
Danny
Rubenstein, a Ha'aretz correspondent, recently stated on
a US radio program that the Palestinians should
make the most of their newly acquired "sovereignty" granted to them
under the disengagement plan. Consider that the Palestinian
Authority has no control over its borders, resources, must still
supply Israel with a
detailed population register, and can't even issue travel
documents...[17]
When
General Amos Yaron, the architect of the wall, was asked if the
construction of the wall was taking into account the environmental
impact on the Eastern side of the wall (the Palestinian enclave),
his answer was: "As a matter of fact, in reality we consider both
sides as ours, we are the masters. For us there is no difference
between the two sides" [18]. So much for "sovereignty".
|
Suicide
bomber!
|
The poor man's precision
bomb
|
Transportation contiguity
|
Bridges and tunnels between
the quartered reservations
Israel has been busy building exclusive roads
between the colonial settlements and the main Israeli population
centers. These roads intentionally quarter the West Bank into
isolated enclaves to preclude the formation of a Palestinian
statelet on the
West Bank. And now, to fulfill Bush's vision of a
"viable" state, there must be "transportation contiguity." This
refers to the bridges and tunnels that need to be built to connect
the disjoint Palestinian enclaves.
It is
impossible to create direct roads between the colonial settlements
and the main Israeli cities, and at the same time create a coherent
transportation network that will join the Palestinian population
centers. The infrastructure created to demolish the potential of a
Palestinian state cannot coexist with a coherent transportation
infrastructure meant to unite it. Of course, Palestinians will not
be allowed to use the roads built for the colonial settlements --
for the most part these roads are for Jews-only.
|
Viable
state
|
Palestinian
reservations
Just like
a "viable erection" doesn’t portend the onset of high impact
sex, a "viable state" doesn’t indicate the formation of a
sovereign state or a vibrant economy. Casting further doubt on what
is meant by "a viable Palestinian state" is the fact that on
several occasions an AIPAC audience cheered the term every time
president Bush uttered it [19].
The term "viable state" is a codeword for a state bereft of
sovereignty, a dependent economy, and subject to further Israeli
whims, e.g., veto on policies, political candidates, control over
resources, acquisition of armaments, etc. The main function
of such a state is to become a dumping ground for the Palestinian
population from areas Israel seeks to colonize.
Palestinians should consult the American
Indians to determine how "viable" their reservations
are.
|
Vision
|
The vision
thing
President
Bush seldom refers to his "vision", and just like his father,
derisively refers to it as the "vision thing". However in
2002, Bush stated that he had a "vision of a Palestinian state",
and predicted that it would be established in 2005. What the
transcript of his statement doesn’t capture is Bush's
composure when he uttered this statement -- chuckling before and
after the statement. The establishment of the state was later
delayed because of Palestinian violence (of course!) -- another
vision postponed [20].
|
Paul de Rooij is a writer
living in London. He can be reached
at
proox@hotmail.com (NB: all emails with attachments will be
automatically deleted.)
Paul de Rooij
© 2005
Endnotes
[1] The construction
of the wall is barely covered, and the consequences for those
isolated by wall seem to be ignored. Some of the villages on
the Western side (seam area) of the wall have been devastated by
the wall's construction, yet a search of the internet reveals that
their cases haven’t been mentioned by the major media!
It is also very likely that the avian-flu threat has been over
hyped for similar reasons. Proof that the avian-flu coverage has
been used for propaganda purposes is the fact that this issue will
die down and disappear in short order. After a few weeks
another "mega threat" will be conjured up, e.g., Iranian nukes, an
asteroid on a collision course with the earth...
[2] For an earlier
glossary of abused language see my "Glossary of Occupation", 12
September 2002 (www.counterpunch.org/rooij0912.html). There
is a more detailed description of why it is important to understand
the hidden meaning of words, and why one should be careful with the
words one uses.
[3] Danny Rubinstein,
"The battle for the capital", Ha'aretz, 31 March 2005. There
are several other articles on the same topic; however this
summarizes it rather well.
[4] Gideon Levy, "The
safe passage: The history of a farce", Ha'aretz, 11 December
2005.
[5] See for example:
Jonathan Marcus, "'Greater Jerusalem' takes shape",
BBC
Online, 25 March 2005.
[6] Nadav Shragai,
"New Jerusalem master plan seeks to curb Old City overcrowding",
Ha'aretz, 14 September 2004
[7] Omar Barghouti,
"Executing Another Child in Rafah", CounterPunch, 25 October
2004.
[8] Lecture by a
Palestinian water resources expert at SOAS October
2004.
[9] Glossary of terms
compiled by Applied Research Institute of Jerusalem (ARIJ)
http://www.poica.org/glossary/glossary.php#a4
[10] Arnon Soffer, interview with
Ruthie Blum, " ONE on ONE: It’s the demography, stupid",
The Jerusalem Post, May. 20, 2004.
[11] It is instructive to read
Amira Hass's articles about this issue. See her "Go study
in Australia?", Ha'aretz, 14 December
2005.
[12] Uri Avnery, "You brought the
boycott upon yourselves: Gush Shalom letter to Bar
Ilan
University", 26 April 2005.
(http://www.corkpsc.org/db.php?aid=17646).
[13] Dr. Majeed Nassar,
"Israel’s Strategy of Absolute Security", 25 February 2002
(later published in Arabic).
[14]
Noam Chomsky, "A Wall as a Weapon", New York Times, 23 February
2004.
[15] Talk by Prof. Halper at
SOAS, 2004.
[16] Anthony Cordesman, "Israel
versus the Palestinians: The Second Intifada and Asymmetric
Warfare", October 2000.
http://www.corkpsc.org/db.php?aid=22619<<br>
|