Volcanoes
According to the Seismic Monitoring System of the Icelandic Meteorological Office the first quake, a 2.8 magnitude quake was detected at 23:34 at a depth of 4.1 km (2.5 mi), followed by a second 2.7 magnitude quake 17 seconds later at a depth of 2.5 km (1.6 mi). Nine minutes past midnight a magnitude 4 quake was then detected at a depth of 1.1 km (0.7 mi). At the exact same moment a second, 4.6 magnitude quake was detected closer to the center of the caldera, at a depth of 7.1 km (4.4 mi). These were then followed by a third sharp 3.5 magnitude quake at a depth of 2.2 km (1.4 mi).

Anak Krakatau erupted at least 44 times within the space of a week in September.
Self-styled 'danger man' Geoff Mackley, the subject of a Discovery Channel documentary of the same name, captured the incredible footage on a recent trip to the volcanic islands on Monday.
While many might fear the prospect of a fiery, ash-covered death, akin to the historic tragedies caused by eruptions at Mount Vesuvius, where heads exploded and blood boiled, a tsunami may prove to be the biggest danger wrought by Etna.
"The entire slope is in motion due to gravity," explains geophysicist Heidrun Kopp from the Geomar Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research in Germany, who recently published research results in the journal Science Advances.
"It is therefore quite possible that it could collapse catastrophically, which could trigger a tsunami in the entire Mediterranean."

Mt Etna, brooding and slipping, with the city of Catania in the foreground.
In a paper published in the journal Science Advances, a team led by Morelia Urlaub from the EOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, in Germany, presents findings that explain why the south-eastern flank of the volcano is sliding into the sea at a rate of three to five centimetres every year - a phenomenon first documented in the 1980s.
The cause, it turns out, is not increasing pressure from magma swelling up through Etna's plumbing, but gravity.
The conclusion is vitally important in terms of assessing the risk posed by the volcano, which is sited between two densely populated cities, Messina and Catania. Movement caused by magma and movement caused by gravity, Urlaub and colleagues report, "have fundamentally different hazard implications".
"While magma dynamics can trigger slope failures near the magma pathways, gradual deep-seated gravitational deformation can induce catastrophic collapse."
Following a moderately strong vulcanian-type explosion on 28 Sep, several other smaller to moderate explosions and ash emissions have occurred.
During the past days, Darwin VAAC report ash plumes from the volcano that rose to an altitude of 4.3 km (14,000 ft) a.s.l. and drifted SW and W.
Kerinci is one of Indonesia's most active volcano and has been the site of intermittent, mild explosive activity for years. Most of its usually smaller explosions go unnoticed.
Grenada's National Disaster Management Agency (NaDMA) said in a statement that since the episode began on the afternoon of September 30, several events have taken place. The largest of those occurred on Monday at 3:24 a.m., 3:35 a.m. and 3:56 a.m. of magnitudes 3.5, 3.5 and 3.3 respectively.
The UWI SRC said it is currently analysing the data and will update further after complete processing,
NaDMA has informed marine interests and the general public that the threat level at the volcano, located about five miles north of Grenada, remains at yellow, so the exclusion zone of 1.5 kilometres must continue to be observed.
The yellow alert means "the volcano is restless: seismicity and/or fumarolic activity are above the historical level, or other unusual activity has been observed, or can be expected without warning".
Natural disasters continue to plague Indonesia, with the Mount Soputan volcano erupting on the island of Sulawesi just days after a devastating tsunami, triggered by a massive earthquake, struck the island, killing hundreds.
After months of increased seismic activity, the Soputan volcano finally blew off steam on Wednesday morning, sending an ash column as high as 4,000 meters into the air. Ash plumes are now moving in the west and northwest direction, with an alert level III issued for the active volcano.
Communities residing within a 6.5 km radius of the summit are being advised to stay clear of the area due to potential threats of lava flow and dangers from the ash clouds. Locals who chose to stay in the vicinity of Soputan are being instructed to wear face masks to cover the nose and mouth, in order to avoid respiratory problems.
So far there have been no reports of casualties or damage on the island, already heavily devastated by last Friday's quake and tsunami which claimed the lives of over 1,300 people.
Comment: Death toll from Indonesia earthquake and tsunami tops 1,200 as desperation mounts for survivors
Eruption and ash emission are continuing while the Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation (VONA) has, meanwhile, been updated to the color code Orange by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources.
The National Center for Disaster Prevention warned Mexicans on Saturday to stay away from the volcano after activity picked up in the crater and it registered 183 emissions of gas and ash over 24 hours.
The center was monitoring multiple rumblings and tremors. Images on social media showed thin layers of ash coating car windshields in neighborhoods of Mexico City such as Xochimilco.
Geophysicists have noticed an increase in activity at the volcano that sits 45 miles (72 kilometers) southeast of the capital since a 7.1-magnitude earthquake rocked central Mexico in September 2017. The volcano known as "Don Goyo" has been active since 1994.
Source: AP
A report from the Vulcanological and Seismological Observatory of Costa Rica (Ovsicori) states the Turrialba began its emanations at 22:00 local time this Sunday and still remains, when the column rises to about 500 meters above the crater.
At dawn, Turrialba Volcano is covered with a great amount of ash emanation, which is blowed by the wind towards the northeast with influence on Guapiles, Pocora and surrounding places', in the direction of the Caribbean coast, indicates Ovsicori, belonging to the National University.
The eruptions of the 3,340-meter-high colossus -the second highest in the country after Irazu, measuring 3,432 meters- have been active since January 2010. They generally affect the Central Valley, home to 60 percent of the country's five million inhabitants.
Arenal, Irazu, Poas, Rincon de la Vieja and Turrialba are the five active volcanoes out of the 150 existing in Costa Rica, according to the most recent geological data.












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