Volcanoes
Authorities did not raise the rumbling volcano's alert status after the eruption on Thursday evening.
But any activity at Merapi raises concern and local residents have previously been ordered to stay outside a five-kilometre (three-mile) no-go zone around the crater near Indonesia's cultural capital Yogyakarta.
Authorities expanded the danger zone around Mount Karangetang to 4km from its crater in response to the eruption.
Just hours later, Mount Merapi on the island of Java shot out hot clouds and lava.
No casualties or damage were reported and the volcanoes' alert levels were not raised, officials said.
This unbelievable place - emerging in between two existing islands of the Kingdom of Tonga - has no official name, but the locals call it Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (Hunga Tonga), after its neighbours and the hidden underwater volcano that spawned it.
Scientists have been studying Hunga Tonga for years, to learn more about how exceedingly rare volcanic islands like this take shape.
Incredibly, Hunga Tonga is only the third known volcanic pop-up like this to have arisen in the last 150 years, so it's an incredible scientific opportunity to investigate its esoteric environment - and especially to see how that landscape might resemble other strange and rocky terrain (including, hypothetically, that of Mars).
An eruption of one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes has sent lava and searing gas clouds out the crater and made villagers leave the slopes.
Yudia Tatipang, head of the Karangetang volcano observation post, said on Tuesday that authorities were still trying to evacuate nearly 600 residents living along the slopes of Mount Karangetang.
There were no immediate reports of injuries or serious damage.
He said the 1784-metre volcano located on Siau island of North Sulawesi province started spitting clouds of gas and lava on Sunday.
Late on Monday, hot ash tumbled down its slopes up to 300 metres, triggering panic among villagers.
Karangetang is one of about 130 active volcanoes in Indonesia. A major eruption in 2011 killed four people.
Source: Associated Press
Now, a stunning new void has been revealed amidst this massive vanishing act, and it's a big one: a gigantic cavity growing under West Antarctica that scientists say covers two-thirds the footprint of Manhattan and stands almost 300 metres (984 ft) tall.
This huge opening at the bottom of the Thwaites Glacier - a mass infamously dubbed the "most dangerous glacier in the world" - is so big it represents an overt chunk of the estimated 252 billion tonnes of ice Antarctica loses every year.
Comment: The reason their models can't explain what's happening is because they're based on the incorrect premise of 'global warming'. They also somehow miss the much publicized fact of geothermal heating in the region - and it's not only happening in Antarctica:
- West Antarctic's Thwaites glacier likely melting from geothermal heat below, not from so-called global warming
- High levels of seismic activity reported at Grenada's Kick 'em Jenny underwater volcano
- Persistent heat anomaly in the Gulf of Mexico: Is a dormant underwater volcano awakening?
- Undersea volcanic eruptions detected at Ioto (Iwo Jima), Japan
- Global Warming in the Arctic - Or Simply Massive Under Sea Volcanoes?
- NASA study finds volcanic magma plume under Antarctica may explain ice sheet instability
- Worldwide volcanic activity uptick update, and new volcano discovered on Jupiter's moon Io
Kasbani, head of the Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation Centre, says Merapi on the island of Java has entered an "effusive eruption phase."
Kasbani, who goes by a single name, said the volcanic material that spewed out late on Tuesday was the volcano's longest lava flow since it began erupting again in August.
He says the alert level of the volcano has not been raised.
The USGS is now back to work after the partial government shutdown, with Yellowstone's "2018 year in review" noting an unusual activity among the national park's geysers last year. In the Yellowstone Caldera Chronicles, USGS Volcano Observatory geophysicist Michael Poland has revealed that geysers became "the story of 2018", with the world's tallest active geyser, Steamboat, having a record-setting number of eruptions.
Although the gap between Steamboat spewing out hot water can sometimes last years, in 2018 it erupted 32 times, beating the 1964 record of 29 eruptions. Apart from the 1960s, a past period of unusually high activity occurred in the 1980s, according to the USGS. The eruptions began in March 2018, and after two additional outbursts scientists began to keep the geyser under closer observation, deploying sensors around it. This shed light on its plumbing system and eruptive patterns "in unprecedented detail", the review reads.
On May 18, 1980, Mount St Helens erupted in the US state of Washington. The blast, which measured 5 on the Volcanic Explosively Index, has been declared as the most disastrous volcanic eruption in modern US history. An huge column rose 80,000 feet into the atmosphere and deposited ash in 11 states, killing at least 57 people and causing more than $1billion (£770million) in damage.
Scientists are now closely watching the volcano to make sure they are prepared in case the same happens again.
Amazon Prime's "Mega Disaster: It's Happened Before, It Will Happen Again" series revealed how a team of volcanists monitor the ticking time bomb.
Rick LaHusen, from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), detailed how they use an instrument known as the "Spider" to keep an eye on volcanic activity.
The explosion caused lava and ashes to spew, with a smoke plume almost two miles high emanating from the volcano's dome.
Authorities have asked locals to remain in their homes.
No initial reports of damages or injuries have been reported.
Scource: CNN














Comment: NASA's Goddard Center published the following video on the birth of the island: