The volcano's lava dome remains in a very active state with elevation at 2,500 m.
Ongoing activity could affect international and low-flying aircraft.
Source: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team volcano activity update 25 March 2020
Volcanoes
The volcano's lava dome remains in a very active state with elevation at 2,500 m.
Ongoing activity could affect international and low-flying aircraft.
Source: Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team volcano activity update 25 March 2020
These finding have also led researches to clues about Steamboat Geyser's (pictured) increase in activity over the past two years. It 47 times this year – compared to the 32 times in 2018
Now, using satellite radar and GPS data, experts have determined the ground deformation was caused by magma intrusions trapped below the basin's surface.
As magma made its way to the surface, the pressure pushed rocks above it up and created an erratic pulsating effect, according to National Geographic.
This is the first time the scientific community has been able to track an entire episode of magma intrusion, which they say is a common occurrence throughout Yellowstone.
© Golli
Eruption not imminent
"Results from crust measurements have been clarified in the last couple of days. It's now clear that expansions that cause land rise has begun anew in the area surrounding Þorbjörn. This is confirmed both by GPS measurements in the area as well as satellite data. Scientists from the Icelandic Met Office, The Institute of Earth Sciences of the University Iceland as well from the Iceland GeoSurvey, met this morning to analyze the newest measurements and data.
Comment: Of note, the quake mentioned above was the strongest since 2013, and this also follows a recent warning of deadly gasses detected at Iceland's Eldvörp caves - one could say that, taken together, this kind of contradicts the statement that there are no "imminent signs of unrest".
See also:
- 5.7 magnitude earthquake shakes Utah's Salt Lake City area - power knocked out, airport closed
- 'Long overdue' Yellowstone supervolcano eruption 'paused for now', according to naturalist
© Antara Photo/Umarul Faruq
Lava flowing out of Mount Semeru's crater seen from Pranajiwo village near Lumajang in East Java on Wednesday.
Lava flowing out of Mount Semeru's crater seen from Pranajiwo village near Lumajang in East Java on Wednesday.
The agency observed that the hot clouds had an amplitude of 23mm and was accompanied by a 540-second earthquake.
BPBD Malang head Subagyo said that it was a normal, natural occurrence and that the situation was under control.
© Twitter / Maryadie @ZuziloMaryadie
Authorities issued the highest aviation alert, telling pilots to avoid the area, while also establishing a 3km (1.8-mile) exclusion zone established around the volcano, amid the threat of lava and pyroclastic flows. Eyewitness footage from the scene shows the full extent of nature's wrath.
The initial eruption reportedly lasted for almost eight full minutes and the nearby Solo city international airport was shut down temporarily as a precaution despite being 40km away from the volcano.
There were no casualties or damage reported and apparently, local residents are brushing it off as 'just another eruption'.
Klyuchevskoy
On Monday, a report from the Kamchatka Volcanic Eruption Response Team (KVERT) said a "moderate explosive eruption" of Klyuchevskoy was ongoing, and that explosions of ash between 16,400 and 23,000 feet "could occur at any time."
The aviation code of the volcano, which informs of the risk posed to aircraft, was listed as orange, the second highest warning level. An orange code means the ash cloud produced by the eruption has the potential to impact flights. If volcanic ash gets into an aircraft it can lead to the failure of navigation instruments and engines. "Ash particles sucked into an engine can melt quickly and accumulate as re-solidified deposits in cooler parts, degrading engine performance even to the point of in-flight compressor stall and loss of thrust power," the United States Geological Survey (USGS) notes.
According to the KVERT report, the height of the volcanic cloud had reached between 18040 and 19680 feet. The cloud had traveled nine miles and was drifting westwards.
© Reuters
A phreatomagmatic eruption occurs when water comes into direct contact with magma
A phreatomagmatic eruption occurs when water comes into direct contact with magma
It will be remembered, obviously, for the sudden flank collapse that triggered the tsunami which killed over 400 people on the nearby coastlines of Sumatra and Java.
But the event also has been the source of many scientific insights that could inform future hazard assessments.
And a new possibility is the potential for the frequency of lightning seen at an eruption to give a simple guide to the height of a volcano's towering plume.
It's information that could be of interest to airlines trying to find safe routes for their planes.
Comment: Could it be that as the plume rises higher as well what it's composed of increases the potential for a discharge event between the ground and the atmosphere?
Some clues as to what may be happening may be found in the following extract from Pierre Lescaudron's book Earth Changes and the Human-Cosmic Connection:
Lightning and hurricanes seem to be similar charge rebalancing processes. Lightning mostly occurs above continents and is far less frequent above oceans.1 This may be due to the difference between ground conductivity and sea conductivity. When electrons start flowing upwards from the ocean, the high conductivity of salt water2 usually prevents the formation of electron-deficient regions, which is one of the causes of lightning. However, when the upward electron flow occurs above a continent, the poor conductivity of the ground3 enables the formation of electron-deficient pockets that will trigger and receive lightning discharges.See also:
In terms of location, hurricanes are the opposite of lightning bolts: they mostly occur above oceans and usually weaken or die when they reach land. When a massive flow of electrons is pulled up above the ocean, the high conductivity of salt water can provide and conduct free electrons from all adjacent regions, thus offering an almost endless supply of electrons to power the ongoing hurricane. When the hurricane reaches the ground, the electron supply is limited by the poor conductivity of the ground and the hurricane weakens.
[...]
Notice also that the rainfall that usually accompanies hurricanes also participates in the charge re-balancing process.
When a water drop falls to the ground, it can capture electrons from the bottom of the cloud or below it, thus carrying a negative charge to the ground and rebalancing electric potential differences in a manner similar to lightning. From this perspective, lightning and rain are both caused by a strong atmospheric E-field and both lead to a charge rebalancing between the Earth's surface and its atmosphere.
Notice that the atmospheric field has an influence on raindrops formation and size. In the image below,4 a thin water jet was created by a hypodermic needle connected to a water faucet. On the left, no electric field was applied. The jet took the form of a mist made of small droplets. On the right, an electric field was applied to the water jet, triggering the binding of droplets with each other and the subsequent formation of large water drops. This experiment is very similar to what occurs in clouds, where water droplets tend to align along the atmospheric E-field and attract each other, forming heavier and heavier water drops.
From the above we can see that lightning and hurricanes are very similar electric phenomena. Hurricanes are to sea surface what lightning bolts are to ground surface. They are both caused by upward electron flows and they both rebalance electric charges by returning electrons to the ground: rainfall in the case of hurricanes, lightning in the case of electrical storms.© Pierce Bounds
Influence of electric field on the size of water drops.
Before closing this chapter, a few further comments about atmospheric dust are necessary: as we've seen previously, atmospheric dust plays a major role in storm dynamics. On a physical level it acts as a nucleus for the formation of condensed water droplets (clouds). On an electrical level it holds electric charges that can trigger lightning.
Atmospheric dust also seems able to modulate cloud elevation. According to mainstream science, atmospheric dust and water droplets stay in suspension in the atmosphere because of their very small size, exhibiting low weight and comparatively large drag.5 However, some observations don't fit the gravity-drag model and, in some cases, dust clouds settle much slower than predicted:Interestingly, it appears that some hitherto unknown atmospheric process counteracts gravitational settling of larger atmospheric dust particles (Maring et al., 2003), as models of long-range dust transport often underestimate the larger particle fraction (Colarco et al., 2003, Ginoux et al., 2001), and dust samples collected after fallout events show that large numbers of 'giant' dust particles (larger than 62.5 micrometers) can be carried thousands of kilometers from their source (Middleton et al., 2001).67If you remember the Millikan experiment8, a droplet charged with only one electron can counteract gravity and literally levitate when exposed to a vertical electric field. For this to happen, the vertical electric field has to be 32,100 v/m.9 Although the atmospheric electric field is normally about 100 v/m at ground level,10 atmospheric dust or atmospheric droplets, because they reduce conductivity, can drastically increase this value. Electric fields of 2,000 v/m have been measured under dust storms,11 up to 20,000 v/m has been observed under thunderstorms12 and up to 200,000 v/m within thunderstorms.13 In addition, unlike the Millikan experiment, some particles can carry more than one electron charge.
This means that the atmospheric electric field can play a role in the fall speed, location, movement and elevation of clouds whether they are made of dust or droplets (or both). It can cause the particles to 'levitate' or literally rise up in the air.
- Taal Volcano near Manila, Philippines erupts for first time in 50 years - Onlookers stunned by electric display
- Volcanic thunder recorded for the first time
- Bread-crust bubbles: Scientists discover new type of volcanic ash
© CHRISTINA NUEDORF
Archaeological excavations at Dhaba in northern India.
Archaeological excavations at Dhaba in northern India.
Some have argued that the eruption caused an extended volcanic winter that disrupted human dispersal out of Africa and the colonisation of Australasia, although archaeological evidence has been limited.
Now an international study by researchers from Australia, Germany, India, the US and the UK, led by Chris Clarkson from Australia's University of Queensland, has found that human occupation of northern India spanned the Mount Toba eruption.
In a paper in the journal Nature Communications they describe a large collection of stone artefacts from archaeological excavations at Dhaba in the Middle Son River Valley which indicate that the area has been continuously occupied over the last 80,000 years.
Similarities between Levallois tool technology (stone tools created by flint knapping) at Dhaba and those found in Arabia between 100,000 and 47,000 years ago and in northern Australia 65,000 years ago also suggest linkage of these regions by an early modern human dispersal out of Africa, they say.
Footage shared by Webcams de México shows the moment lava burst from the active volcano, engulfing the northern slopes of the peak.
According to Mexican officials, the ensuing ash plume reached 1500 metres — or nearly a mile into the air.
Mexico's CENAPRED disaster agency recorded "130 exhalations" and has issued a warning urging civilians to keep their distance from the volcano.
© Ellert Grétarsson
Screenshot.
Screenshot.
To wit, the warning as is follows:
"We warn about cave excursions in the Eldvörp area on the Reykjanes Peninsula. Deadly gases were measured yesterday of CO2 as well as deadly oxygen levels in a cave close to a parking lot, popular for hikers."
Comment: The warning comes on the heels of a still active Earthquake swarm near the city of Grindavik and swelling at the Volcano Thorbjorn: Possible magma accumulation on Reykjanes peninsula, Iceland
Comment: So despite the assurances from scientists it would appear that activity at Yellowstone is increasing and, when taken together with events elsewhere on our planet, it should give us cause for concern: Land begins to rise again near volcano Thorbjorn, Iceland
Also check out SOTT radio's:
- Adapt 2030 Ice Age Report: Interview with Laura Knight-Jadczyk and Pierre Lescaudron
- Behind the Headlines: Earth changes in an electric universe: Is climate change really man-made?
As well as SOTT's monthly documentary Earth Changes Summary - January 2020: Extreme Weather, Planetary Upheaval, Meteor Fireballs: