Study shows fructose used differently from glucose
Findings challenge common wisdom about sugars
Pancreatic tumor cells use fructose to divide and proliferate, U.S. researchers said on Monday in a study that challenges the common wisdom that all sugars are the same.
Tumor cells fed both glucose and fructose used the two sugars in two different ways, the team at the University of California Los Angeles found.
They said their finding, published in the journal Cancer Research, may help explain other studies that have linked fructose intake with pancreatic cancer, one of the deadliest cancer types.
Health & Wellness
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In the study, people whose hearts pumped less blood had brains that appeared older than the brains of those whose hearts pumped more blood. Decreased cardiac index, the amount of blood that pumps from the heart in relation to a person's body size, was associated with decreased brain volume using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Researchers observed the link even in those participants who did not have cardiovascular disease, such as heart failure or coronary heart disease. As the brain ages, it begins to atrophy (shrink) and has less volume. The decrease in brain volume is considered a sign of brain aging. More severe brain atrophy occurs in those with dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease.
"The results are interesting in that they suggest cardiac index and brain health are related," said Angela L. Jefferson, Ph.D., the study's lead author and associate professor of neurology at the Boston University School of Medicine. "The association cannot be attributed to cardiovascular disease because the relationship also was seen when we removed those participants with known cardiovascular disease from our analyses."
High-fiber, low-fat diets cultivate healthier intestinal microbes, study suggests
A termite a day may keep the doctor away. African children who eat a high-fiber diet (and the occasional wood-digesting insect) have gut bacteria that help them digest plant fibers and protect them from diarrhea and inflammatory disease, a new study finds. The research may lead to new probiotics that improve the digestive health of Westerners, who were found to have a less diverse assemblage of intestinal microbes.
"This discovery is very important because it bears on how we should feed our children to make them healthy," says study coauthor Duccio Cavalieri, a microbiologist at the University of Florence in Italy. "We should move our habits toward a diet more heavy in fiber, with the same amount of calories."
Animals have bacteria in their guts to help digest their food, train their immune systems and protect them from harmful bacteria. Different types of food encourage different abundances and diversity of bacteria to grow in the gut.
A termite a day may keep the doctor away. African children who eat a high-fiber diet (and the occasional wood-digesting insect) have gut bacteria that help them digest plant fibers and protect them from diarrhea and inflammatory disease, a new study finds. The research may lead to new probiotics that improve the digestive health of Westerners, who were found to have a less diverse assemblage of intestinal microbes.
"This discovery is very important because it bears on how we should feed our children to make them healthy," says study coauthor Duccio Cavalieri, a microbiologist at the University of Florence in Italy. "We should move our habits toward a diet more heavy in fiber, with the same amount of calories."
Animals have bacteria in their guts to help digest their food, train their immune systems and protect them from harmful bacteria. Different types of food encourage different abundances and diversity of bacteria to grow in the gut.
© Dave Rust/CNN
Researchers from the United States and Canada looked at 546 drug trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, a registry of both federal and private trials in the United States and abroad. 346 of them, or 63 percen, were funded by the drug industry. The remaining 200 were paid for by government or non-profit organizations. Study authors found that more than 85 percent of industry-funded trials in their sample posted favorable outcomes and were 4 times more likely to report findings that favored their drug.
"We did this study in order to determine whether there is an inherent bias because pharmaceutical companies fund trials on products in which they have a financial interest," said study co-author Dr. Kenneth Mandl of Children's Hospital, Boston. "The most reassuring result would have been that the rate of favorable outcomes would be the same regardless of funding sources. In a very dramatic way that was not the case and what we need to ascertain is if the cause of this shift toward favorable findings among trials funded by pharmaceutical companies is related to the details of the protocols and study design."
U.S. patients of doctors who went to medical school outside the country and weren't American citizens had a 9 percent lower death rate on average than those whose doctors trained at home, a study showed.
The report, published today in the August issue of Health Affairs, tracked the performance of primary-care doctors, internists and cardiologists in 244,153 hospitalizations involving congestive heart failure or heart attacks.
Economics may help explain the gap in patient outcomes, said John Norcini, co-author of the study. Internal medicine and primary care have failed to attract the best U.S. students because of lower pay, relative to other specialties, he said.
"Primary care may not be getting the best and the brightest from U.S. medical schools," said Norcini, chief executive officer of the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, a Philadelphia- based nonprofit. "Foreign students see primary care as a gap that they can fill and a way to practice medicine here."
The report, published today in the August issue of Health Affairs, tracked the performance of primary-care doctors, internists and cardiologists in 244,153 hospitalizations involving congestive heart failure or heart attacks.
Economics may help explain the gap in patient outcomes, said John Norcini, co-author of the study. Internal medicine and primary care have failed to attract the best U.S. students because of lower pay, relative to other specialties, he said.
"Primary care may not be getting the best and the brightest from U.S. medical schools," said Norcini, chief executive officer of the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research, a Philadelphia- based nonprofit. "Foreign students see primary care as a gap that they can fill and a way to practice medicine here."
Intake of processed meat and its components is linked to increased risk for bladder cancer, according to the results of the large, prospective National Institutes of Health - AARP Diet and Health Study reported online August 2 in Cancer.
"Meat could be involved in bladder carcinogenesis via multiple potentially carcinogenic meat-related compounds related to cooking and processing, including nitrate, nitrite, heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)," write Leah M. Ferrucci, PhD, from the National Cancer Institute in Rockville, Maryland, and colleagues. "The authors comprehensively investigated the association between meat and meat components and bladder cancer."
Among 300,933 men and women who completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire, there were 854 cases of transitional cell bladder cancer identified during 7 years of follow-up. Using quantitative databases of measured values, the investigators estimated intake of nitrate and nitrite from processed meat and HCAs and PAHs from cooked meat, and they calculated total dietary nitrate and nitrite based on literature values.
"Meat could be involved in bladder carcinogenesis via multiple potentially carcinogenic meat-related compounds related to cooking and processing, including nitrate, nitrite, heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)," write Leah M. Ferrucci, PhD, from the National Cancer Institute in Rockville, Maryland, and colleagues. "The authors comprehensively investigated the association between meat and meat components and bladder cancer."
Among 300,933 men and women who completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire, there were 854 cases of transitional cell bladder cancer identified during 7 years of follow-up. Using quantitative databases of measured values, the investigators estimated intake of nitrate and nitrite from processed meat and HCAs and PAHs from cooked meat, and they calculated total dietary nitrate and nitrite based on literature values.
© Tamara Ensign
Nearly 12,000 children under age 5 go to the emergency room each year because of injuries caused by household cleaning products, according to a study in today's Pediatrics. About 40% of those injuries - or nearly 4,800 cases - are caused by spray bottles, which typically don't have child-resistant caps, according to the study of 267,269 children.
Although some spray nozzles can be turned to an "off" position, parents often leave them in spraying mode, says study author Lara McKenzie of Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio. And nimble children can turn the nozzles themselves.
© Gene J. Puskar/associated Press
Kellogg recalled nearly 28 million boxes of cereal in June after reports of a strange taste and odor.
Kellogg recalled nearly 28 million boxes of cereal in June after reports of a strange taste and odor.
Dozens of consumers reported a strange taste and odor, and some complained of nausea and diarrhea. But Kellogg said a team of experts it hired determined that there was "no harmful material" in the products.
Federal regulators, who are charged with ensuring the safety of food and consumer products, are in the dark about the suspected chemical, 2-methylnaphthalene. The Food and Drug Administration has no scientific data on its impact on human health. The Environmental Protection Agency also lacks basic health and safety data for 2-methylnaphthalene - even though the EPA has been seeking that information from the chemical industry for 16 years.
Some of the fishing areas in the Gulf of Mexico are reopening. In fact, this week Louisiana reopened commercial fishing in areas East of the Mississippi. In the coming weeks, we can expect that many more areas will reopen to recreational and commercial fishing.
I'd love to see the Gulf open to fishing, since I think it's important for the economy and culture of the region to have a healthy fishing industry. But fishing shouldn't reopen until it's safe. One of my colleagues in the Gulf reported from a boat this week, showing dispersed oil lurking below the surface. A piece in the Huffington Post cited studies finding dispersed oil under the shells of crab larvae. I keep getting calls from reporters asking "is it safe to eat the fish?"
I'd love to see the Gulf open to fishing, since I think it's important for the economy and culture of the region to have a healthy fishing industry. But fishing shouldn't reopen until it's safe. One of my colleagues in the Gulf reported from a boat this week, showing dispersed oil lurking below the surface. A piece in the Huffington Post cited studies finding dispersed oil under the shells of crab larvae. I keep getting calls from reporters asking "is it safe to eat the fish?"
BP's chief operating officer says he would eat fish from the Gulf of Mexico and would let his family eat it, too. Doug Suttles took reporters on a boat tour of beaches and marshes Sunday about 25 miles south of Venice, Louisiana.
