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...in order to protect our children from any vaccination side effects, we give very high doses of vitamin C before, during (yes, even at the doctor's office) and after immunizations.

© Express
A map highlighting countries on high alert after a Black Death outbreak in Madagascar.

Dr Arthur Rakotonjanabelo said: "Plague is a disease of poverty, because it thrives in places with poor sanitary conditions and health services."

The Sun yesterday reported how the outbreak has been fuelled by performing the ancient practice of Famadihana - which sees locals dig up deceased relatives and dance with them before they are re-buried.

It is feared the ceremony has helped spread an outbreak of pneumonic plague that has left more than 120 dead on the African island.

The country's health chief Willy Randriamarotia said: "If a person dies of pneumonic plague and is then interred in a tomb that is subsequently opened for a Famadihana, the bacteria can still be transmitted and contaminate whoever handles the body."

The tradition has been banned since the outbreak began, but it is feared ceremonies have taken place regardless.

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In its anti-cancer drug, bevacizumab, drug developer Genentech has created what may be the world's first "not me" (as opposed to "me too") drug, say Robert Campbell and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.e2941). Despite evidence that it works in macular degeneration, the manufacturers and marketers (Roche in the US, Novartis in the UK and elsewhere) are actively discouraging its use for this condition, even going so far as taking legal action to prevent such off-label use. Why? Because they want people to use their other drug, ranibuzimab, which is licensed for treating macular degeneration.

The bottom line is that ranibuzimab is about 12 times more expensive: Cheung and colleagues report that the UK could save close to £300m (€368m; $485m) a year if it were standard treatment. So are Roche and Novartis simply fighting to protect their profits? They say no, that they are also protecting patients from the cheaper drug's higher risk profile. Although data from the publicly funded CATT trial in the US found similar effectiveness and safety for the two drugs in treating macular degeneration, the safety of bevacizumab remains a worry. Concerns relate to its greater systemic absorption and the fact that it has to be decanted into smaller quantities for intraocular injection, which introduces the risk of infection.

In the UK, as Ingrid Torjesen reports (doi:10.1136/bmj.e3012), efforts are under way to get bevacizumab approved for use in macular degeneration despite resistance from Novartis. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has said it could appraise the drug if asked to by the Department of Health. Campbell and colleagues report that the department is waiting for the results of the IVAN trial in the UK, due to be published this month. But it is unlikely to resolve the safety concerns. Neither this nor the CATT trial was big enough to detect small but clinically relevant differences in adverse outcomes such as stroke, they say. Long term postmarketing surveillance is needed for that.