Earth Changes
Schools in Russia's Siberian cities of Tyumen and Khanty-Mansiysk have been closed on Monday due to severe frost, the Khanty-Mansiysk Department of Education said.
"We have cancelled classes in the first to ninth grades as the temperature today is minus 28 degrees Celsius (-18.4 degrees Fahrenheit)," the department noted.
"Because of the low temperature, classes in the first to fourth grades have been cancelled in Tyumen," the city administration told TASS.

Large hailstones fell on Ashburton on Wednesday afternoon, including some the size of golf balls.
Stones, some as large as a $2 coin, sent Ashburton residents running for cover about 3pm on Wednesday, and as the storm moved north of the town cars were seen veering off State Highway 1 in search of trees under which to shelter.
The storm was accompanied by sustained periods of thunder and lightning, and brought hailstones some residents described as the size of golf balls.
Many workers in Ashburton's town centre returned to their cars after work, wondering what damage they'd find.
Thankfully, much of it was minor, but there were reports of shattered glass in glasshouses.
Other residents reported damage to property and cars.
Mid Canterbury Federated Farmers arable chairwoman Joanne Burke was in town when the first hailstorm hit, and her car was dented, but she said there would be minimal crop damage for the district's farmers.
Jordan Snow, 29, who was swimming with the victim as part of a group called the Maui Mermaids, said he did not hear the woman, whom he referred to as Barbara, scream but heard her tell the 20 other swimmers off Kamaole Beach Park I to get out of the water.
"After that, I said, 'You heard the lady, everybody get out of the water,' " Snow recalled telling the others. "She was being a tough lady."
Snow, who is a friend of the victim, said: "She was hurt, bit really badly. She was bleeding so badly."
Russ Butcher, who was on the beach, said he saw the woman come ashore. He described her injuries as a "couple little gashes in a radius" on the woman's upper right thigh. There also was a piece of loose skin and scrapes on the woman's ankle.
The drought has dramatically expanded recently. Thursday's drought monitor indicates that more than 98 percent of the state is in a drought, up from only 10 percent at the start of the year.
For most, a dry weather pattern took over in midsummer when the rains ended.
And little snow has materialized. The mountains have had barely 5 to 10 inches across most of the ranges. Denver has yet to see its first snow.
In Denver, the last snow was May 1. The number of days without snowfall is at 193 as of Thursday, the eighth-longest streak since 1948.
In 1992, Denver went 211 days without snow and 2016 might rival that record.
The latest measurable snowfall in Denver was Nov. 21, 1934 and that record might fall this year unless the persistent warm, dry weather pattern breaks down soon.

Some of the damage cause by the Tornado that struck #Ennerdale on Monday, 14 November.
SA Weather Service @SAWeatherServic tweeted: "After assessing damages at Ennerdale (GP), SAWS can confirm that the tornado at Ennerdale on 14 Nov 2016 was rated as EF1 tornado."
Weather Watch SA @storm_sa added some context: "The SAWS has rated yesterdays tornado that struck Ennerdale as an EF1 (estimated winds of 138-177km/h)."
EF stands for the Enhanced Fujita scale, which rates the intensity of tornadoes in the United States and Canada based on the damage they cause - EF0 is the lowest, while EF5 involves wind speeds of 320km/h-plus.

Aerial photographs taken showing tectonic uplift of the sea bed of between 2 and 2.5 metres north of Kaikoura.
He was at South Bay wharf today about 90 minutes before low tide making sure he was seeing correctly. He said the explanation was simple - and it wasn't good.
"Our summer is buggered. We're all out of a job pretty much."
Kaikoura was dependent on tourists and fish, including crayfish, and there wouldn't be any of them around for a few months, he said.
"Normally it's busy, flat out. There are four whale watching boats, three charter fishing boats and three dolphin-watching boats, and long weekends and Christmas we get recreational fishing boats from Christchurch."
But now, instead of diving for paua, the seafood beds had been left exposed by the rise in the sea floor.
"Normally where we go diving people are walking out and picking them up.All the kaimoana that's in that zone is going to die, probably and even the stuff that moves down that's not the environment it likes to live in.
Dean Kennedy, boat skipper

A Long Islander shares a photo of thousands of dead bunker fish stranded in the Shinnecock Canal on Long Island.
The water looked like it was covered in a thick sheet of ice, but upon closer examination, residents could see it was actually thousands of silver bunker fish wiggling on top of each other, struggling to survive.
Dozens of people posted pictures and videos of the unusual sight on Facebook.
"Strange phenomenon. Cause of man or nature?" local resident Gustavo Zuluaga Buritica asked.
"Wow never seen anything like it!" Long Islander Eric Reilly commented.
As videos of the rare sight go viral, people are now looking for answers.
The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation told CBS News on Tuesday that they are monitoring the incident.
"No additional fish kills have been reported overnight or today," said Erica Ringewald, the department's media relations director. "Some dead bunker are floating in the Shinnecock Bay but most are believed to have sunk to the bottom."
To get a rainbow you must have rain clouds with the sun at your back.
What was happening is something we call iridescence caused by iridescent clouds.
An iridescent cloud is any cloud that exhibits brilliant bright spots, bands, or borders of colors, usually red and green, observed up to 30 degrees from the sun.
The coloration is due to the diffraction of light with small cloud particles which produce the effect. Iridescence is usually seen in thin cirrostratus, cirrocumulus, and altocumulus clouds.
Most of the clouds over Denver Friday afternoon were high cirrus clouds that likely had more ice than water particles inside, which helped scattered the light much like a prism would, creating the cool effect.
A few people also saw a sun dog which is a halo around the sun with a distinct bright spot on either side. These are often seen when the sun is low on the horizon.
The hole swallowed an entire car, according to the Citrus County Sheriff's Office. Pictures show the rear wheel sticking out from the water-filled hole.
Truman Boulevard in Beverly Hills was shut down while crews with Citrus County Road Maintenance worked to clean the area.
The water main is owned by Rolling Oaks, a private utility company, deputies said.
The vehicle's occupants were able to safely exit the car before it fully submerged.
The car was removed from the hole as of 4 p.m. Monday, but officials were still asking drivers to avoid the area.
The dead birds were found around Edam, Volendam and Medemblik and it is not yet known if they are infected. Last week, scientists found the H5N8 virus in several dead water birds in the region.
Water board staff were out all weekend, removing the dead birds and more reports are being made all the time, a spokesman told broadcaster RTL Nieuws.
Last week poultry farm owners were ordered to keep their birds indoors because of the risk of infection.
The last outbreak of bird flu in the Netherlands was in 2014 but that was restricted to a handful of farms. The 2003 avian flu outbreak cost the Dutch poultry and egg industry at least €300m in direct costs at that time.













Comment: In July this year Gauteng province was hit by two tornadoes in 24 hours.