Earth ChangesS


Fish

Explorers Find Hundreds Of Undescribed Corals, Other Species On Familiar Australian Reefs

Hundreds of new kinds of animal species surprised international researchers systematically exploring waters off two islands on the Great Barrier Reef and a reef off northwestern Australia -- waters long familiar to divers.

Image
©Gary Cranitch, Queensland Museum, 2008
Ctenophore, or comb jelly, collected off Wassteri Reef, Heron Island.

The expeditions, affiliated with the global Census of Marine Life, help mark the International Year of the Reef and included the first systematic scientific inventory of spectacular soft corals, named octocorals for the eight tentacles that fringe each polyp.

The explorers have released some initial results and stunning images from their landmark four-year effort to record the diversity of life in and around Australia's renowned reefs.

Bizarro Earth

5.0 Magnitude Earthquake shakes south Iran

Tehran - A magnitude 5 earthquake struck southern Iran on Wednesday near the port of Bandar Abbas, site of a major oil refinery, Iranian media reported, without mentioning any casualties or damage.

The same region was hit by a 6.1 magnitude earthquake last week that killed at least seven people.

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated the magnitude of Wednesday's quake at 5.2 and said it happened at 9:13 p.m. local time (1643 GMT).

Iran's official IRNA news agency said the quake hit the island of Qeshm off the coast and cut electricity there. People had rushed onto the streets, it said, giving no further details.

USGS said it struck 40 km (25 miles) southwest of Bandar Abbas.

Bell

Indonesia: Moderate earthquake strikes Waingapu

Bengkulu - A tectonic earthquake measuring 5.0 on the Richter scale jolted East Nusa Tenggara town of Waingapu at 5:38 local time on Wednesday morning, Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BMG) said.

Target

India: Earthquake measuring 4.7 shakes Maharashtra

There was an earthquake in the State if Maharashtra, India with the magnitude of 4.7 on the Richter scale.

Hourglass

No 2008 record for Arctic sea ice



Image
©Unknown
The ice has covered a larger area this year, though much has been thinner

Sea ice in the Arctic appears to have passed its minimum extent for 2008 without breaking last year's record.

The US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) says the ice covered 4.5 million sq km (1.7 million sq miles) at its lowest point on 12 September.

Last year's minimum was 4.1 million sq km (1.6 million sq miles).

This summer's ice cover was the second lowest since satellite records began 30 years ago, which NSIDC says emphasises the "strong negative trend".

Comment: For a long range view, we recommend this.


Bizarro Earth

Volcanic ash blankets Papua New Guinea's Rabaul

Volcanic activity in the Papua New Guinea town of Rabaul is now at its highest point since the devastating eruption of 1994 which wiped out two thirds of the town.

Image
©Unknown
Up to 40 centimetres of volcanic ash blankets the community and surrounding mountains.

Up to 40 centimetres of volcanic ash blankets the community and surrounding mountains.

There are concerns the oncoming wet season rains will create mudslides.

Ima Itikarai from the Rabaul Observatory says ash on rooftops is also a problem because it turns to mud in rains, collapsing some homes.

Target

Gilchrist, the village that Ike wiped off the Texas map

The sunset is beautiful in Gilchrist - within just a few minutes the sky goes from red to indigo and then to a wide range of grey before turning the black of night.

single house
©EPA/Smiley N. Pool
A single house is left standing on the waterfront near Gilchrist, Texas, USA on 14 September 2008 following the destruction along the Texas coast. As Hurricane Ike slowed to a tropical depression after carving a path of destruction through Texas, rescuers were using everything from dump trucks to boats and helicopters to reach stranded residents.

Arrow Down

House approves offshore drilling

WASHINGTON - The House voted late Tuesday to open waters off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts to oil and gas drilling but only 50 or more miles out to sea and only if a state agrees to energy development off its shore.

Better Earth

Whale Songs Are Heard For First Time Around New York City Waters

For the first time in waters surrounding New York City, the beckoning calls of endangered fin, humpback and North Atlantic right whales have been recorded, according to experts from the Bioacoustics Research Program at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC).

humpback whale
©iStockphoto/Eric Carr
A humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) breaching. Its long pectoral fins, tubercles, and ventral grooves that run from the lower jaw to the umbilicus are visible.

"This is an exciting time for New Yorkers. Just think, just miles from the Statue of Liberty, the Empire State Building, Carnegie Hall and Times Square, the great whales are singing," says Chris Clark, the Director of the Bioacoustics Research Program at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology. "These are some of the largest and rarest animals on this planet trying to make a living just a few miles from New York's shores. It just goes to show us that there are many important and wonderful discoveries to be made about the living world right here, right in our back yards."

"With data generated by acoustic monitoring, we can better understand New York's role in the life history of these endangered whales and make more informed conservation decisions," says James Gilmore, chief of the DEC's Bureau of Marine Resources. "This is especially important for the survival of right whales."

Bug

New Ant Species Discovered In The Amazon Likely Represents Oldest Living Lineage Of Ants

A new species of blind, subterranean, predatory ant discovered in the Amazon rainforest by University of Texas at Austin evolutionary biologist Christian Rabeling is likely a descendant of the very first ants to evolve.

Image
©Christian Rabeling, the University of Texas at Austin
This new species of blind, subterranean, predatory ant, Martialis heureka, was discovered in the Amazon by Christian Rabeling at the University of Texas at Austin. It belongs to the first new subfamily of living ants discovered since 1923, and is a descendant of one of the first ant lineages to evolve over 120 million years ago.

The new ant is named Martialis heureka, which translates roughly to "ant from Mars," because the ant has a combination of characteristics never before recorded. It is adapted for dwelling in the soil, is two to three millimeters long, pale, and has no eyes and large mandibles, which Rabeling and colleagues suspect it uses to capture prey.

The ant also belongs to its own new subfamily, one of 21 subfamilies in ants. This is the first time that a new subfamily of ants with living species has been discovered since 1923 (other new subfamilies have been discovered from fossil ants).

Rabeling says his discovery will help biologists better understand the biodiversity and evolution of ants, which are abundant and ecologically important insects.