Earth Changes
A kayak fisherman died Monday off Maui after a shark bit his dangling foot, officials said.
Maui County Ocean Safety officials received a report that a shark had attacked a man fishing in a kayak between Maui and Molokini, a small island less than three miles (4.8 kilometers) off the southwest coast of Maui that is popular for diving and snorkeling.
The victim was fishing with artificial lures to attract baitfish, a news release from the state Department of Land and Natural Resources said. The Maui County Police Department identified the kayak fisherman as 57-year-old Patrick Briney of Stevenson, Washington state.
His fishing partner tied a tourniquet on the man and sought help from a nearby charter tour boat. The boat took them to shore, and the man was then taken to a hospital, the state said. It's unclear when he was pronounced dead.
The state Department of Environmental Conservation says Type E botulism is back in the eastern basin of Lake Ontario.
The DEC says 200 to 300 common loons have washed ashore along Jefferson and northern Oswego County shorelines.
The loon deaths were all attributable to type E botulism.
Long-tailed ducks, grebes and gulls have also been found.
The DEC says it hasn't seen this many loon die on Lake Ontario since 2006.
Type E botulism is caused by a bacterial toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, a widespread bacterium in the sediments of the Great Lakes.
Certain environmental conditions cause this strain of Clostridium to produce a toxin that can spread through the food web of the lakes.
First documented in waterbirds from Lake Michigan in the 1960s, type E botulism was recorded irregularly for three decades in the lower Great Lakes.
A water analysis expert from the Free State, Doctor Jan Roos, together with the Provincial State Veterinarian, Doctor Mcdonald Gayakaya and Kamfers Dam farm owner, Herbert Booth, inspected the dam and found hundreds of dead or dying geese, ducks and flamingos scattered on the banks or in shallow water.
Roos was called in to collect water samples by Birdlife South Africa and the Save the Flamingo Association, and to do an analysis of the dam's water quality, while Gayakaya collected some of the dying birds to determine the cause of death.
The dying birds started appearing three weeks ago, according to Booth, who owns the farm on which the dam is situated.
The jet stream is much farther south than normal, allowing the cold air to push in from the Arctic and drop temperatures by 20 to 40 degrees below normal levels, AccuWeather meteorologist Tom Kines said Tuesday.
Areas of Montana and the Dakotas were forecast to reach lows in the minus-20s, while parts of California could see the thermometer drop to the 20s. The icy arctic blast was expected to be followed by another one later in the week, creating an extended period of cold weather that hasn't been seen since the late 1990s, meteorologists said.
Officials warned residents to protect themselves against frostbite if they are going to be outside for any length of time.

A barrier with traffic signs is seen on the North Sea beach near the town of Norddeich, December 5, 2013.
British authorities said the Thames Barrier, designed to protect London from flooding during exceptional tides, would shut on Thursday night and warned of "the most serious coastal tidal surge for over 60 years in England". Prime Minister David Cameron called two emergency meetings to discuss strategy.
Two people were killed in Britain as the nation's weather office measured winds of up to 225 km per hour (140 mph) when the storm slammed Scotland and parts of England.
A lorry driver was killed and four people injured when his vehicle overturned and collided with other vehicles in West Lothian, Scotland, police said, while a second man died near Nottingham in central England when he was hit by a falling tree.
In western Denmark the 72-year-old female passenger of a truck died when the vehicle overturned in high winds.
More than 100,000 homes were left without power across Britain, 80,000 of them in Scotland, according to energy company
Motorists are being encouraged to stay off roads, and ice on power lines forced public transportation officials to suspend the region's light rail service.
Dallas' woes are part of a severe cold snap stretching hundreds of miles from Texas to Kentucky.
"Every few years there is a blockbuster ice storm somewhere in the U.S., and these storms are no stranger to the South Central region," said Jesse Ferrell, weather expert and storm chaser for AccuWeather.com, told Reuters.
As of Friday morning, the National Weather Service had issued ice and winter storm warnings for 10 states. Oklahoma, Arkansas and Tennessee already have declared states of emergency. At least two deaths had been reported on roads in Texas and Missouri, according to Reuters.
Government forecasters warned of possible prolonged power outages across portions of the southern Great Plains toward the Lower Ohio Valley.

The sea hits the flooded Harbour Road in Helsingborg, southern Sweden, on December 6, 2013 as storm Xaver hit southern Sweden on Thursday night
Emergency services across the region battled overnight to sandbag sodden dykes, evacuate flooded harbor areas and repair damage from toppled trees that crashed onto houses, roads and power lines.
Atlantic storm Xaver swept into northern Europe late Thursday after disrupting transport and power in northern Britain where two people have died.
The winds of up to 158 kilometers per hour barreled across Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and southern parts of Scandinavia.
Blackouts hit 400,000 homes in Poland and affected 50,000 people in Sweden, while thousands of air passengers were stranded as flights were canceled at Amsterdam, Berlin, Hamburg, Gdansk and other airports, AFP reports

Floodwaters in Hamburg early on Friday morning. City officials closed off flooded areas and some people reportedly had trouble reaching work in the morning.
A major storm surge threatened parts of northern Europe on Friday as a low-pressure system dubbed "Xaver" began battering the coasts with chilly hurricane-force winds. The United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands and Scandinavia were most heavily affected by the severe storm, but cancelled flights and trains caused problems across Europe. By Thursday night, officials had reported at least three storm-related deaths in the UK and Denmark.
Thousands of residents living in the UK's eastern coastal areas were forced to spend the night in schools or emergency shelters amid warnings of flooding, which the UK's Environment Agency said could be the highest in some 60 years. Late on Thursday, authorities closed the Thames Barrier to protect London from rising waters.
The storm brought rain, hail and snow with the tidal surge, and the German port city of Hamburg has seen its worst flooding in decades, forcing authorities to close off parts of the city center on Thursday night. "We have a tidal surge the likes of which we have rarely seen in the last 10 or 20 years," said a city official on Friday. Water levels were reportedly some 6 meters (20 feet) above sea level early on Friday morning, a level last reached just twice in the early 1990s.
In fact, there have been some major eruptions that have actually substantially reduced global temperatures for two to three years. So should we be alarmed that the number of volcano eruptions this year was the highest ever recorded? Could it be possible that we are heading for a period of global cooling as a result?
And if the planet does cool significantly, could that lead to widespread crop failures and mass famine? Don't think that it can't happen. In fact, it has happened before and it is only a matter of time until it happens again.
I knew that we were seeing an unusual amount of volcanic activity around the planet so far this year. In fact, I wrote about it in my recent article entitled "Why Have 10 Major Volcanoes Along The Ring Of Fire Suddenly Roared To Life?" But I had no idea that we were on the verge of a new yearly record.












