Earth Changes
On Friday, NASA scientists released results from their study NASA's Radiation Dosimetry Experiment, or RaD-X. NASA has been sending giant helium-filled weather balloons into the stratosphere and beyond, and the balloons are equipped with instruments that detect cosmic radiation from outer space.
These are the first detailed insights into radiation levels in the magnetosphere, 120,000 feet above Earth, where charged particles are primarily controlled by the planet's magnetic field.
"The measurements, for the first time, were taken at seven different altitudes, where the physics of dosimetry is very different," Chris Mertens, principal investigator of the RaD-X mission, said.

Snowfall continued intermittently for the fourth consecutive day, virtually cutting of the Valley from rest of the country due to closure of Srinagar-Jammu national highway
A Meteorological department official said Kashmir has recorded heavy snowfall this year.
He said it was the heaviest snowfall recorded in the valley since 1992.
"We had witnessed major snowfall in 1992 and 2006 but the present snowfall has broken the record of last 25 years," the official said.
The upper reaches of the Valley including Keran, Karnah, Gurez, Machil, Tanghdar, Uri, Gulmarg, Yousmarg, Pahalgam, Sonarmarg have witnessed heavy snowfall. The ski resort of Gulmarg has recorded more than 7 ft of snowfall while Gurez, which has witnessed at least three snow avalanches in 72 hours, has experienced about 11 ft of snowfall.
The plains including Srinagar have also experienced heavy snowfall.
The unusual happening was made public today by Professor Gezahegn Yirgu of the Addis Ababa University Department of Geology.
The molten lava crater is a famous destination for tourists and scientists both from home and abroad. It has been flowing in large amount over for a week now, said the professor.
According to the professor, the molten lava has filled another crater and flowing further south wards towards Afdera town. It the flowing continues, it disrupts life in the area. That needs a serious scrutiny in the area, he said.
The professor also noted that at the right side of the road to Erta-Ale, a new happening has been observed; lava is coming out of a new depression in the area.
Comment: The recent Erta'Ale eruption also produced the largest sulfur dioxide emission ever measured (by satellite) from the volcano.

Santa Olga, which was destroyed by a forest fire, on Jan. 26, 2017.
One body found in smouldering ruins of Santa Olga, the worst-hit of several smaller communities, as hot, dry weather fuels fiercest fires in recent history
An entire town has been consumed by flames in Chile as unusually hot, dry weather undermined efforts to combat the worst forest fires in the country's recent history.
More than 1,000 buildings, including schools, nurseries, shops and a post office were destroyed in Santa Olga, the biggest of several communities to be reduced to ashes in the Maule region.
One body was later recovered from the ruins. Two people are missing, but most of the residents were evacuated unharmed. Few will have a home to return to.
Drone images showed entire neighbourhoods reduced to ashes. The roads are still neatly symmetrical, but the buildings in block after block lie in smouldering ruins under a hazy sky.
Even for a region that is frequently hit by earthquakes and floods, the extent of the destruction was shocking.
"Nobody can imagine what happened in Santa Olga. What we have experienced here is literally like Dante's Inferno," said the Carlos Valenzuela, the mayor of the encompassing municipality Constitución. "We were recovering after the last earthquake, but this tragedy has messed up everything."
Someone had located one of the black-and-white critters wandering aimlessly in the parking lot of a Shaws grocery store, in Orleans. A second Dovekie — a waterborne bird and relative of the Puffin — was found nearby, at the Barley Neck Inn. Others were stranded in Brewster, and parts of Eastham.
They were far from home. Dovekies are arctic birds typically found miles offshore, not anywhere near Cape Cod or any big land mass. They had been blown in by powerful winds and large waves produced by Tuesday's Nor-easter, which battered much of the state coastline.
With the help of volunteers and staff from Wild Care, Inc., a non-profit in Eastham that takes in sick and injured wildlife for rehabilitation, many of the Dovekies found along the beaches and marshes and those discovered in backyards or parking lots, were returned to their ocean habitat unharmed Thursday.
These are big, beefy birds that spend the nesting season raiding colonies of other seabirds and frequently steal food from other gulls; I've seen one wrestle a fish from the bill of a Great Black-backed Gull, a slightly bigger bird.
Adult Glaucous Gulls are pale grey, with white wing feathers, but most arrivals here are immature birds the colour of slushy snow.
Most Glaucous Gull arrivals have been along North Sea coasts and in western Ireland, but a couple have made it into North Wales, the most showy in Holyhead Bay.
Thanks to the lettered ring on its leg, we know that this one comes from Svalbard (Spitsbergen), 2,000 miles to the north.

Joint personnel of the Coast Guard Sub-Station (CGSS) Buenavista and the Guimaras Environment and Natural Resources Office (GENRO) hauled the 500 kilogram dead sperm whale to MacArthur’s Wharf.
It was already decomposing when Barangay Kagawad Rex Camarista discovered it around 3 a.m. on Wednesday, the Philippine Coast Guard said.
The marine mammal was 4.5 meters long and weighed an estimated 500 kilograms, Lieutenant Commander Ramil Palabrica, head of the Coast Guard-Iloilo, told Panay News.
It was found 700 meters away from the Sawang shoreline, Palabrica said.
Monu had come out of his house yesterday during rains when lightning struck, killing him on the spot.
His body has been sent for post-mortem.
Meanwhile, rains have been reported in different places in the district today as well.
Source: Press Trust of India
The animal terrorised the streets of Storrington, West Sussex, eating most of a 24-year-old man's ear as he slept on a park bench.
The man had fallen asleep on the bench after drinking - and passers-by rushed to the scene when they heard him screaming in agony.
Two men saw the fox eating the man's ear - and it turned on them when they tried to intervene.
The man was taken to hospital for treatment afterwards.
The stag's antler pierced 10cms into the right, lower side of the man's chest, puncturing his chest wall, shortly before 3.20pm Friday.
He suffered a second wound to the left side of his stomach.
A NSW Ambulance helicopter was called in to collect the man from Bulgo Beach, in the Royal National Park.














Comment: The part they're leaving out is that more cosmic rays than ever before are reaching the atmosphere: