Earth Changes
The shallow quake, which hit southwest of the island of Sumatra on Wednesday, had a depth of 10 kilometers (six miles).
The epicenter was located 808 kilometers (502 miles) southwest of Padang.
There were no immediate reports of damage or casualties. However, shallower earthquakes are more likely to cause damage.
The USGS originally categorized the quake as a magnitude 8.2, and later an 8.1, before lowering it to a 7.9.
Indonesia has issued a tsunami warning for West Sumatra, North Sumatra, and Aceh, according to the National Meteorological Agency.
A tsunami watch has also been issued for parts of Western Australia, according to the Joint Australian Tsunami Warning Centre.
The sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) phenomenon is a rapid warming episode which takes place between 10 and 50 km (6.2 and 31 miles) of the Earth's atmosphere. During the warming, temperatures can climb for up to 50 °C in only a few days time.
SSW begins with a wave-like disturbance which travels into the high-altitude jet stream system, and can grow to a point to breaking, exhibiting similar behavior like the breaking beach waves. The jet stream usually flows in the west-to-east direction with some north and south oscillation. The disturbance can cause the winds to turn in the opposite direction. When that happens, the air falls into the Arctic and gets compressed, causing the rapid warming.
"Sudden stratospheric warming events occur high up in the atmosphere and involve a complete reversal of the high-altitude polar jet stream - they can even affect weather at the surface, and for the UK, a sudden stratospheric warming increases the risk of wintry weather," Professor Adam Scaife, Head of Monthly to Decadal Prediction explained.
The National Weather Service said they had not seen any indications of an explosion or other events that would show up on radar, and that there are no storms in the area.
"There's nothing unusual on the radar that would suggest a meteor or a comet," meteorologist Matt Dux said.
However, NWS did offer a possible theory on what could be causing the booms:
"After thinking a bit..one thing could be happening is this. There is a very sharp temperature change not too far off the surface (about 500 ft) tonight due to the warmer air aloft and fast cooling here at the ground. It's possible that as some aircraft are landing that this sound is bouncing off this temperature 'inversion.' It's a theory," NWS said.
Scanner traffic indicated that multiple people had called in to report the booms. Police were investigating reports in Hartford and at 85th Street and Marion Road.
Sgt. Jon Thum said police were unable to find the source of the noises.
People have reported the booms in several areas around Sioux Falls and beyond. Here are a few of the reports we've had of the mysterious sounds:
A powerful snowstorm that hit the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido grounded over 130 flights and led to power outages in approximately 4,000 households on Tuesday.
The country's meteorological agency recorded up to 20 inches of precipitation over the past 24 hours, with over 15 inches of snow expected by early Wednesday.
A snow cyclone is accompanied by winds reaching the speed of up to 115 feet per second. Wave heights on the island's shore exceeded 25 feet.
#japan inside refrigerator. Snowstorm still inN Japan, warnings issued widely. pic.twitter.com/gqKYIaZwZc
— Weather Mizumoto (@hepomodeler) March 1, 2016
Comment: Today, the country's meteorology agency warned citizens to brace for the worst blizzard in years.

Konstantin Lepsky, state inspector of the Kronotsky State Nature Reserve: 'When we patrolled the area, we walked along the lake in snowshoes for about 18 kilometres.'
Konstantin Lepsky, state inspector of the Kronotsky State Nature Reserve, said: 'When we patrolled the area, we walked along the lake in snowshoes for about 18 kilometres.
'From the observation tower at Travyanoy we looked around the horizon in all directions. The lake was completely frozen. Only in the mouth of the River Hakytsin could we see a little ice hole, where ducks and swans were swimming, and Steller's sea eagles were spotted.'
Most of the birds were forced to relocate to Avacha Bay, near Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The lake formed in a caldera after two large volcanic explosions, one 41,500 radiocarbon years ago and the other around 6440 BC.
Scientists blame El Niño, the warm ocean current, for the heavy rains that turned roads into rivers in Arequipa, setting cars adrift in the torrent. The southern province has been particularly badly hit; at least two people were reportedly killed.
Residents in Tumbes, a coastal region in the northwest, were also left to survey the damage.
Local media reported that 3,000 people in the area had been left homeless, with 30,000 affected in some way.
"The water level of the Mekong River has gone down to its lowest level since 1926, leading to the worst drought and salinisation there," Nguyen Van Tinh, deputy head of the hydraulics department under the Ministry of Agriculture, told AFP.
The low-lying and heavily cultivated Mekong region is home to more than 20 million people and is the country's rice basket. Intensive cultivation and rising sea levels already make it one of the world's most ecologically sensitive regions.
Scientists blame the ongoing 2015-2016 El Nino weather phenomenon, one of the most powerful on record, for the current drought. Water shortages have also hampered agriculture in nearby Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar.
New .@EPA estimates show we have a huge #methane problem, now you can see it: https://t.co/5K7XAKLHfh pic.twitter.com/ldRKf3G3ym
— EARTHWORKS (@Earthworks) February 24, 2016
The map, created with the help of FracTracker Alliance, includes two new videos that epitomize the national methane pollution problem.
The first is of a well near Longmont, Colorado:

Environment Canada has issued winter storm warnings for Toronto, Hamilton, Montreal and Quebec City. Many areas in southern Ontario and Quebec could see heavy snow. Driving could be treacherous.
Toronto, Hamilton, Montreal and Quebec City are under winter storm warnings. Windsor is under a snowfall warning, while Ottawa is under a winter storm watch.
Parts of Quebec including Montreal and Quebec City could get more than 30 centimetres of snow.
Environment Canada has issued a series of winter storm warnings and watches that cover a large swath of southern Ontario and southern Quebec.
The storm, travelling north from central United States, is expected to bring snow to southern Ontario on Tuesday afternoon and southern Quebec on Tuesday evening. Snow in Quebec will intensify overnight and continue Wednesday.
Environment Canada says drivers should be prepared for messy conditions.
"There may be a significant impact on rush hour traffic in urban areas," it says.
Recorded in the rural village of Lonsboda, it's rare for such sightings at all, let alone capturing it on video.
The estimated population of Swedish wild wolves stands at just over 400, according to Sweden's Environmental Protection Agency, but local authorities wanted to pin down how many were roaming the lands of the Skane region, so they set up a number of hidden cameras.
"We have also secured droppings from the wolf, which we have sent for analysis," said Skåne's wildlife officer Nils Carlsson told The Local. "Soon we shall know the wolf's gender and where it comes from."














Comment: There has also been increased volcanic activity in the region within the last week, as Indonesia's Mount Sinabung erupted twice in one day spewing ash and smoke 3000 meters high