Science of the Spirit
But why do we fidget, and why do some people do it more than others? And if it really helps to relieve stress, does that mean we should all embrace it?
These are actually rather difficult questions to answer, as there appear to be various definitions of what fidgeting is and why it happens. However, there are some interesting, if unexpected, theories.
Add to that a set of chubby cheeks, a button nose and teeny-tiny pursed lips and you're almost guaranteed to elicit clucking from the average adult.
The features of cuteness have been painstakingly mapped out and collectively are known as "kindenschema", "kawaii", or the baby schema. Their appeal is near universal, applying across geographical, cultural, and even species boundaries.
The enormous eyes and button noses of Japanese manga characters provide one of the most obvious examples of kawaii preferences manifesting in popular culture - as shown below.

Love hormone injections could help us to be kinder to strangers, new research suggests
Scientists found that after the jabs, newly introduced seals instantly hit it off, seeking out each other's company and keeping physically close.
The human immune system is effective at combating disease, but since it entails a great deal of energy expenditure disease avoidance should be part of our survival instinct. A new study now shows that this is indeed the case: the human brain is better than previously thought at discovering early-stage disease in others. Moreover, we also have a tendency to act upon the signals by liking infected people less than healthy ones.
"The study shows us that the human brain is actually very good at discovering this and that this discovery motivates avoidance behaviour," says principal investigator Professor Mats Olsson at Karolinska Institutet's Department of Clinical Neuroscience.
Confirmation bias is a cognitive process in which the brain unconsciously uses a system of defenses to protect you from potentially incorrect knowledge or information. The mind will automatically try to reject new information and instead seek evidence to support the current belief.
This entire process can happen in a moment, and it can be helpful in quickly identifying direct threats (scams, liars, false reports), but it can also be a hindrance when you need to fully understand a multi-faceted problem and seek potentially conflicting evidence.
Overcoming confirmation bias can be difficult, but psychologists have determined that some biases can be corrected by applying a deliberate process to problem-solving and decision-making. Try these approaches to help you neutralize your confirmation bias in daily leadership activities:
Yet there has been a backlash. Some critics and skeptics have charged that gratitude breeds self-satisfaction and acceptance of the status quo. Several articles, including a New York Times essay by journalist Barbara Ehrenreich, have recently asserted that gratitude may be selfish and self-indulgent, prompting people to feel satisfied with where they are in life rather than pursuing bigger personal goals or working to help others. The author of a piece in the Harvard Crimson argued that gratitude can "act as a form of complacency" and that the indebtedness engendered by gratitude may "get in the way of progress."
Does gratitude lead to complacency? Do all those benefits of gratitude come at a price—laziness, apathy, and the acceptance of inequities?
However, both personality types will say similar things to get you where they want you. Below are 5 sentences that both narcissists and sociopaths use that make you feel like you're crazy.
1. I hate drama
They will tell you that they hate drama, but you'll soon learn that there's more drama surrounding them than anyone you've ever known. At first, they idolize you above everyone else, praising you for your perfect easy-going nature.
Deschoolers maintain that a child's learning should be curiosity-driven rather than dictated by teachers and textbooks, and that forcing kids to adhere to curricula quashes their natural inclination to explore and ask questions because children think differently.
Dr Teresa Belton says cultural expectations that children should be constantly active could hamper the development of their imagination.
The senior researcher at the University of East Anglia's School of Education and Lifelong Learning interviewed a number of authors, artists and scientists in her exploration of the effects of boredom.
There are activities and summer camps galore to fill children's time and supply much needed childcare when kids are out of school. But psychologists and child development experts suggest that over-scheduling children during the summer is unnecessary and could ultimately keep kids from from discovering what truly interests them.
To explain, we must first look at a study from the National Bureau of Economic Research. Two economists, David Blanchflower of Dartmouth and Andrew Oswald of Warwick, set out to document the relation that age has to overall happiness. What they found was that as income tends to increase steadily over time, happiness follows a U-shape pattern, dipping to its lowest point at around age 45, then quickly climbing up thereafter.
A large-scale survey from the General Social Survey, which included around 20,000 men and 25,000 women of 16 years and older supports these findings. After asking Americans to rank their happiness on a 3 point scale ranging from "very happy" to "pretty happy" to "not too happy", they found a resulting average of 2.2, or just over "pretty happy". The Eurobaromoter, after conducting a similar survey on close to 400,000 men and women in 11 European countries from 1975 to 1998 found that the average self-assessed happiness score across Europe is 3 out of 4.
Other studies now suggest a link between intelligence and mental illness that may go back into our evolutionary past.
The increased intelligence of Homo sapiens was originally a result of gene mutations.
The cost of these gene mutations, however, may have been an increase in mental illness (Nithianantharajah et al., 2012).
Comment: Not included in this list is the benefits of cigarette smoking. See also: Secret health benefits of Nicotine














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