Science of the SpiritS


Rainbow

Looking at this color can make you smarter

colours
Seeing red makes people 31% better at detail-oriented tasks like recalling memories or proofreading, research finds.

The colour blue, though, makes people more creative - doubling the number of creative ideas they produce.

Professor Juliet Zhu, study co-author, said:
"Previous research linked blue and red to enhanced cognitive performance, but disagreed on which provides the greatest boost.

It really depends on the nature of the task."
The research involved over 600 people doing six different tasks, some involving detail, others creativity.

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Info

How to identify and counteract being mind-killed

mind-killing
Ken McLeod's six methods of mind-killing and their antidotes

The Roots of Mind-Killing

The following is a compilation of material from The Warrior's Solution: Passivity and Freedom retreat taught by Ken McLeod in 2009 and a series of newsletters he wrote and sent out in 2015 (Sources: 1, 2, 3). I was recently reminded of the concept of mind-killing, and how it works and relates to Buddhism during a week-long meditation retreat. I found the concept and antidotes so useful that I reorganized the full text of the newsletters and combined it with material from the audio recordings to present everything in one location.

In a follow up post, I will do an original analysis relating the six methods of mind-killing to Jordan Peterson's concept of 'ideological possession'.

*Ken notes that although the term 'mind-killing' is not used explicitly, Naom Chomsky describes the six methods below in the documentary Manufacturing Consent.


Brain

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) may be physically causing PTSD

Brian Mancini in 2011
© CBS NewsBrian Mancini in 2011

Scar tissue found in the brains of combat veterans who suffered from PTSD could mean that many cases of the disorder are caused by physical trauma


Editor's Note: Since this story aired, we have received many inquiries about how to contact Dr. Daniel Perl and The Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine. Here is that information: http://www.researchbraininjury.org or 1-855-366-8824.

A new medical discovery has profound implications for wounded warriors. It's a previously unknown type of brain injury uncovered in veterans who are exposed to the invisible wave of energy that erupts from high explosives. The evidence was found in the brains of veterans who died. And tonight, we have a rare opportunity to introduce you to one of the vets who made the discovery possible. Retired Army Sergeant First Class Brian Mancini killed himself in 2017 after descending into psychosis. But we met Mancini years before, in 2011, after he made a nearly miraculous recovery from the impact of a roadside bomb in Iraq. There's no one better to begin this story, than the late Brian Mancini himself.

Comment: The idea that there could be physical trauma that could cause PTSD is quite interesting. While it's obvious that not all those suffering from PTSD are exposed to blasts, perhaps there are subsections of the disorder with a very real and physical cause.

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Fire

Excuses: Overcome them or become overwhelmed by them

brain
© Fer Gregory/Shutterstock.
"You are alive only if you embrace (some) volatility." ~ Nassim Nicholas Taleb
Excuses are like assholes, everybody has one. But there's nothing saying you can't take the necessary steps toward overcoming them.

Excuses are little bastard killjoys that will suck the joy out of your life if you let them. They are psychological hang-ups, tantamount to mental tripwires or psychosomatic speed-bumps. If you allow enough of them to pile up they can turn into a near insurmountable wall that will prevent your comfort zone from stretching into healthier horizons. Such walls are stifling. Deadly even. Deadly to creativity. Deadly to vitality. Deadly to living a life well-lived.

Comment: Countering the excuses that prevent us from making life changes


Brain

Memories are altered each time they're accessed

memory gears
The fallibility of memory is something that is now well documented and publicized. Like it or not, you can't trust the contents of your brain and this is considered verbatim in a court of law.

There a many reasons for this but one of the most fascinating is that we actually constantly alter our memories every time we access them. We don't do this on purpose but instead it's an involuntary side effect of the process of activating memories.

How Our Memories Work

Memories are essentially stored as connections between neurons in the brain. These connections link together various experiences, stimuli and emotions -- which is why hearing a song or smelling cookies can suddenly bring fragments of memories hurtling back. It's unusual for us to forget memories completely but if they aren't accessed often enough or if they aren't linked to enough cues, there won't be enough strong 'in-roads' for us to find them.

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Megaphone

Researchers say we perform up to 20% better when we have an audience despite being more nervous

Speech 1
Asked to give a speech, many people experience sweaty palms, a dry mouth and rising sense of panic. But we perform better when people are watching than alone (stock image)
Asked to give a speech in front of an audience, many people experience sweaty palms, a dry mouth and rising sense of panic.

Whether it is singing, playing an instrument or taking part in an amateur dramatics production, there is a very real fear in front of an audience of 'choking' or forgetting the words on stage.

But, believe it or not, we actually perform better when people are watching than alone because having an audience boosts our motor skills, researchers have revealed.

Researchers at Johns Hopkins University asked participants to play a tricky computer game involving moving a cursor to reach a cross hair target at the optimum speed.

When watched by an audience of two, all but two of the participants did better - up to 20 per cent better than if they were playing alone.

Brain scans showed that when they knew they were being observed, the parts of the brain linked to social awareness and reward triggered those controlling motor skills to improve performance.

Comment: Another method for calming your nerves that is very effective: Éiriú Eolas - Irish Gaelic for "Growth of Knowledge"


2 + 2 = 4

A cognitive theory and politics

politics
In recent years, a consensus has been forming about how we reason and develop the opinions we defend. In his influential 2012 book The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion, Jonathan Haidt argued that the first principle of moral psychology is: Intuition comes first and reasoning follows. Intuition is the reflexive gut feeling of like or dislike we experience in response to the things we see in the social world around us.

In Thinking Fast and Slow, psychologist Daniel Kahneman observed that conscious reasoning requires language, the construction of an argument, and therefore time, so it can happen only after our intuition has already told us whether we approve or disapprove of something. In their book The Enigma of Reason, Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber argue that the main evolved purpose of reason is to justify our intuitions and to persuade others that our own intuitions are correct. When it comes to social issues that we care about, reason is usually a post hoc rationalization of feelings already felt and decisions already taken. In other words, it turns out that David Hume was right almost 300 years ago when he said:

Gift 2

Generosity makes people happier

happiness
Brain scans reveal that just a little of this personality trait boosts happiness.

Even a small amount of generosity towards others makes people happier, psychological research finds.

In fact, merely promising to be more generous is enough to trigger changes in our brain that lead to greater happiness.

People in the study did not need to be extremely generous to see the benefits to happiness levels.

Dr Philippe Tobler, one of the study's authors, said:
"You don't need to become a self-sacrificing martyr to feel happier.

Just being a little more generous will suffice."

Cell Phone

No different from substance abuse: Smartphone addiction increases loneliness and isolation, experts say

smartphone ladies
A new study finds that smartphone addiction can cause serious social problems — boosting feelings of loneliness and isolation — while worsening anxiety and depression symptoms.
It's well-known that smartphone, or more broadly, digital addiction can result in many negative mental effects on people over time. Recent research even found it creates a brain imbalance in teens. Now a new study finds that over-attachment to your phone can cause serious social problems - boosting feelings of loneliness and isolation - while worsening anxiety and depression symptoms.

Smartphones have become useful, everyday tools that essentially manage our daily lives. From calendars to calorie monitors to sleep aids, smartphone owners find themselves constantly glancing at their screens from the minute they wake up to the seconds before hitting the sack. Whether it's reading push notifications, responding to dings and vibrations, or constantly refreshing one's Facebook newsfeed on the go, the need for phone time is becoming a more serious problem.

Comment: As with all technologies, smartphones have the power to make our lives easier and more productive, or paradoxically, they can do the opposite, wasting time and squandering our productivity. What is required is smart smartphone use - being aware of the dangers and taking measures to counter them.

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Bulb

Ten things self-confident people don't do

office lady fight
© Getty
In The Empire Strikes Back, when Yoda is training Luke to be a Jedi, he demonstrates the power of the Force by raising an X-wing fighter from a swamp. Luke mutters, "I don't believe it." Yoda replies, "That is why you fail."

As usual, Yoda was right - and science backs him up. Numerous studies have proved that confidence is the real key to success.

Studies exploring the performance gap between men and women in math and spatial skills have found that confidence plays a huge role. Women who were asked to identify their gender before taking a spatial skills test performed more poorly than those who weren't. Women also performed better when they were told to envision themselves as men, and both genders performed better when they were told that their gender is better at the task.

Comment: For some, confidence is an ephemeral quality that seems forever out of reach. While adopting the behaviors of confident people can help, the pathway to becoming a confident person is long and may need to involve other interventions.

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