Science of the SpiritS


Laptop

Video games 'can alter children's brains'

computer games
The average child will spend almost 2,000 hours in front of a screen between their tenth and eleventh birthdays
Children should "feel the grass under their feet" rather than play addictive computer games which can harm their mental development, a leading scientist has said.

Baroness Greenfield, the former director of the Royal Institution, said spending too much time staring at computer screens can cause physical changes in the brain that lead to attention and behaviour problems.

Technology that plays strongly on the senses - like video games - can literally "blow the mind" by temporarily or permanently deactivating certain nerve connections in the brain, the Baroness said.

Display

New Research May Be Able to Discover Tweeting Psychopaths

psycho
© istockphoto
In case you find yourself being tweeted at by a psychopathic killer (in case!), have no fear, researchers may find a way to spot them -- using said psycho's own tweets!

Using a text analysis program, professors Jeff Hancock from Cornell University, and Michael T. Woodworth and Stephen Porter from the University of British Columbia are trying to discover if we can spot a psychopath using anything he or she has written, from a tweet to a blog post.

Most experts count roughly one percent of the population as psychotic. The researchers want to take methods used to analyze the language of psychopaths and apply it to the general population using social media.

Life Preserver

Oakland Effect: Understanding neuroscience, psychology and the study of complex psychiatric disorders and trauma

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© Unknown
This is an excerpt from reporter Scott Johnson's blog, which focuses on the effect of violence and trauma on the community.

Why is it that when we hear a rumble, the sound of an earthquake, say, we don't try to locate the sound, but we immediately try to get away? Or, if we hear a high-pitched sound of distress, we try to locate it because, well, someone close to us might be in pain? Did you know that the muscles in your middle ear are linked in your brain stem to the muscles that control your upper face? Or that when you see people's eyes droop during a conversation, they're probably not hearing a word you're saying, or not well?

Broken down into their most basic components, our neural systems are modulated on two systems: safety and novelty. Safety is the more important of the two; it's the most important thing for every one of us. Novelty is also important; it helps our brains to grow, but novelty can't be experienced without safety. And yet we require novelty to become fully human; we can't expand as living beings without rich lives.

Toys

Babies as Young as 15 Months Grasp Fairness

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© Dreamstime
Even at 15 months, when they are just beginning to grasp language and acquaint themselves with their newfound motor skills, babies understand the concepts of sharing and fairness, suggests a new study.

The researchers also found that infants do have different sharing "personalities," with some being shocked by unfairness and others by equal sharing.

"These norms of fairness and altruism are more rapidly acquired than we thought," study researcher Jessica Sommerville, of the University of Washington, said in a statement. "These results also show a connection between fairness and altruism in infants, such that babies who were more sensitive to the fair distribution of food were also more likely to share their preferred toy."

Previous studies have revealed that 2-year-olds can help others - considered a measure of altruism - and at around age 6 or 7, they begin to display a sense of fairness. Previous research has also indicated that toddlers are able to understand altruism and react accordingly; they are more willing to help those who voluntarily share their toys.

Alarm Clock

Allowing Teenage Boys to Love Their Friends

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© Jennifer S. Altman for The New York TimesNiobe Way has written a book about boys' friendships.
It is occasionally true that the spark that ignites one's grand, all-consuming work is struck early in life - even by happenstance.

Niobe Way was a teenager when her younger brother Lucan had a terrible falling out with his best friend. John lived just across the street; the two boys were inseparable. One day her mother caught the boys cutting up a treasured childhood rag doll. She read both of them the riot act and then some. John slunk off.

Seven, eight times after, Lucan would knock on John's door. But he would always be told that John was not home or did not want to see him. The boys' rupture shook Lucan deeply. Even as a happily married adult, he does not like to talk about, as Dr. Way recounts, "the boy who broke his heart."

People

Link Between Morality and Psychopathy: Antisocial Personality Traits Predict Utilitarian Responses to Moral Dilemmas

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© Unknown
Study questions the widely-used methods by which lay moral judgments are evaluated; results found individuals who are least prone to moral errors also possess a set of prototypically immoral psychological characteristics.

A study conducted by Daniel Bartels, Columbia Business School, Marketing, and David Pizarro, Cornell University, Psychology found that people who endorse actions consistent with an ethic of utilitarianism - the view that what is the morally right thing to do is whatever produces the best overall consequences - tend to possess psychopathic and Machiavellian personality traits.

In the study, Bartels and Pizarro gave participants a set of moral dilemmas widely used by behavioral scientists who study morality, like the following: "A runaway trolley is about to run over and kill five people, and you are standing on a footbridge next to a large stranger; your body is too light to stop the train, but if you push the stranger onto the tracks, killing him, you will save the five people. Would you push the man?" Participants also completed a set of three personality scales: one for assessing psychopathic traits in a non-clinical sample, one that assessed Machiavellian traits, and one that assessed whether participants believed that life was meaningful. Bartels and Pizarro found a strong link between utilitarian responses to these dilemmas (e.g., approving the killing of an innocent person to save the others) and personality styles that were psychopathic, Machiavellian or tended to view life as meaningless.

Magnify

How Your Brain Reacts to Mistakes Depends on Your Mindset

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© iStockphoto
"Whether you think you can or think you can't -- you're right," said Henry Ford. A new study, to be published in an upcoming issue of Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, finds that people who think they can learn from their mistakes have a different brain reaction to mistakes than people who think intelligence is fixed.

"One big difference between people who think intelligence is malleable and those who think intelligence is fixed is how they respond to mistakes," says Jason S. Moser, of Michigan State University, who collaborated on the new study with Hans S. Schroder, Carrie Heeter, Tim P. Moran, and Yu-Hao Lee. Studies have found that people who think intelligence is malleable say things like, "When the going gets tough, I put in more effort" or "If I make a mistake, I try to learn and figure it out." On the other hand, people who think that they can't get smarter will not take opportunities to learn from their mistakes. This can be a problem in school, for example; a student who thinks her intelligence is fixed will think it's not worth bothering to try harder after she fails a test.

For this study, Moser and his colleagues gave participants a task that is easy to make a mistake on. They were supposed to identify the middle letter of a five-letter series like "MMMMM" or "NNMNN." Sometimes the middle letter was the same as the other four, and sometimes it was different. "It's pretty simple, doing the same thing over and over, but the mind can't help it; it just kind of zones out from time to time," Moser says. That's when people make mistakes - and they notice it immediately, and feel stupid.

Syringe

Modern Medicine: The Hidden Influence of Beliefs and Fears

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© Unknown
Almost imperceptibly, medicine has taken on a saving, or messianic role, the characteristics of which we must examine.

When the Christian missionaries of the last three or four centuries were evangelizing so-called "primitive people", they believed that they had only to destroy or burn the various cult objects of these people in order to eradicate their religions, superstitions, and customs.

Centuries after the conquistadors tried to stamp out the Inca culture, or the Inquisition tried to stamp out the protestant 'heresies', or the similar attempts to annihilate the Voodoo, or the many African and Asian religions, we know that such arrogant high-handedness does not work. These beliefs still continue today, sometimes under different guises, long after the objects of worship associated with them have been destroyed.

This lesson from history is not only valid for primitive people and their religions. It can equally be applied - if not more so - to aspects of our own modern society. Indeed, even a superficial study of contemporary culture will reveal that the supposed secularization of present day society is just an illusion. Even though most people do not conform to the outward show of religious custom and practice - mostly Judeo-Christian in western culture - the beliefs and superstitions remain deeply embedded in their subconscious, influencing many aspects of their daily lives without them realizing it.

And as several sociology studies have shown, the superstitious beliefs that used to be attached to the formal religions have in many cases simply been transferred to other objects, persons or events. The daily evening television news bulletins, watched by millions worldwide in their respective countries, the stars of show business and sport, humanitarian associations, cults and all sorts of other things in modern life, these have now become the new gods we venerate or fear, or the shrines at which we worship or curse, and where we still experience those primitive religious urges and feelings, where we can believe without necessarily having to think or rationalize.

Magnify

Social Hierarchy Prewired in the Brain

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© Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison Brain CollectionModern human brain
If you find yourself more of a follower than a social leader, it may something to do with the wiring in your brain. According to a new study in Science, researchers from the Chinese Academy of Science have discovered a location in the brain that is active in alpha mice but not in their subordinate cage mates.

The researchers, led by Hailan Hu from the Chinese Institute of Neuroscience, discovered that in social dominant mice, there were stronger electrical connections occurring in the medial prefrontal cortex, or mPFC, of the brain. This study was designed to test just what impact this activity had on social ranking.

To begin, the researchers had to determine which mice were the social dominant mice. Using a clear two, a mouse was placed at either end. The more dominant mouse would push through to get to the other end while the subordinate mouse would retreat.

Bell

SOTT Focus: SOTT-Cassiopaea: Anti-Cult, Anti-Defamation and Psychopath Free Zone

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Imagine our devastation when we learned recently that godlikeproductions.com, a mind-warping, data-mining psy-ops disguised as an alt. website, was knocked offline. The story being put out there is that infighting arising from a severe case of "internet gang stalking" resulted in this pathetic pity ploy appearing on GLP's homepage while the site was down:
"at what point does the personal sacrifice become too great?

when you put the life of my friends and family at risk.

I will not allow this website to cause my friends and family to live in fear

you won

hope you are happy

the last light of the world has been extinguished."
As one of our forum members succinctly put it: "A day without GLP is like a day without diarrhea." This website, more than any other, has played host to the most puerile, vicious slander and egregious defamation against Laura Knight-Jadczyk and her work, including this website, for nearly a decade. Others have connected the sinister dots behind this "conspiracy forum" that point to its being psy-ops...