Secret History

Early evidence for humans in Arabia: Track of 120,000-year-old footprints discovered

Ann Gibbons
Science Magazine
Thu, 17 Sep 2020 17:23 UTC

© Stewart et al., 2020
These footprints were made by ancient humans’ muddy feet as they traversed a lakeshore in Saudi Arabia about 120,000 years ago.

One day about 120,000 years ago, a few humans wandered along the shore of an ancient lake in what is now the Nefud Desert in Saudi Arabia. They may have paused for a drink of fresh water or to track herds of elephants, wild asses, and camels that were trampling the mudflats. Within hours of passing through, the humans' and animals' footprints dried out and eventually fossilized.

Now, these ancient footsteps offer rare evidence of when and where early humans once inhabited the Arabian Peninsula. "These are the first genuine human footprints of Arabia," says archaeologist and team leader Michael Petraglia of the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

The Arabian Peninsula has long been considered the obvious route that early members of our species took as they trekked out of Africa and migrated to the Middle East and Eurasia. Stone tools have suggested ancient humans explored the Arabian Peninsula at various times in prehistory when the climate was wetter and its harsh deserts were transformed into green grasslands punctuated with freshwater lakes. Yet so far, researchers have only found a single human finger bone dating to 88,000 years to prove modern humans, rather than some other hominin toolmaker, lived there.

Comment: PysOrg adds:

In total, seven out of the hundreds of prints discovered were confidently identified as hominin, including four that, given their similar orientation, distances from one another and differences in size, were interpreted as two or three individuals traveling together.

The researchers argue these belonged to anatomically modern humans, as opposed to Neanderthals, on the basis that our extinct cousins aren't known to have been present in the wider Middle East region at the time, and based on stature and mass estimates inferred from the prints.

"We know that humans were visiting this lake at the same time these animals were, and, unusually for the area, there's no stone tools," said Stewart, which would indicate the humans made a longer term settlement there.

"It appears that these people were visiting the lake for water resources and just to forage at the same time as the animals," and probably to also hunt them.

The elephants, which had gone extinct in the nearby Levant region some 400,000 years ago, would have been particularly attractive prey, and their presence also suggests other plentiful freshwater resources and greenery.

In addition to the footprints, some 233 fossils were recovered, and it's likely that carnivores were attracted to the herbivores at Alathar, similar to what is seen in African savannas today.

DNA studies show Vikings weren't all Scandinavians

Simon Fraser University
Wed, 16 Sep 2020 18:30 UTC

© Västergötlands Museum
DNA from a female skeleton named Kata found at a Viking burial site in Varnhem, Sweden, was sequenced as part of the study.

In the popular imagination, Vikings were fearsome blonde-haired warriors from Scandinavia who used longboats to carry out raids across Europe in a brief but bloody reign of terror. But the reality is more complex, says SFU Archaeology Prof. Mark Collard.

Collard is a member of an international team of researchers that has just published the results of the world's largest DNA sequencing of Viking skeletons, in this week's edition of Nature.

Led by Prof. Eske Willerslev of the Universities of Cambridge and Copenhagen, the research team extracted and analysed DNA from the remains of 442 men, women and children.

The remains were recovered from archaeological sites in Scandinavia, the U.K., Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, Estonia, Ukraine, Poland and Russia, and mostly date to the Viking Age (ca. 750-1050 AD).

The team's analyses yielded a number of findings. One of the most noteworthy is that contrary to what has often been assumed, Viking identity was not limited to people of Scandinavian ancestry — the team discovered that two skeletons from a Viking burial site in the Orkney Islands were of Scottish ancestry.

Mysterious Disappearance: 5 missing aircraft that still baffle investigators today

Techeblog
Thu, 02 Jan 2020 00:00 UTC

A Boeing 727-223, registered N844AA, was stolen from Quatro de Fevereiro Airport, Luanda, Angola on May 25, 2003. Its disappearance prompted a worldwide search by the FBI and the CIA. Shortly before sunset on that day, two men boarded the plane, one of them being flight engineer Ben Charles Padilla (seen at controls), and the other, a hired mechanic from the Republic of the Congo. Neither man was certified to fly the Boeing 727, which normally requires three aircrew. They had been working with Angolan mechanics to get the plane flight-ready. The aircraft began taxiing without communicating with the control tower and maneuvered erratically while entering a runway without clearance. The tower tried to make contact, but there was no response, and the tracking transponder was turned off. With its lights off, the aircraft took off, heading southwest over the Atlantic Ocean. Neither the plane nor the two men have been seen since. Continue reading for more mysterious disappearances.

Comment: Added here (with some cross reference to the above): World's 10 most mysterious plane disappearances and strangest aircraft crashes

2014 was also an unusual year: SOTT EXCLUSIVE: Year of the planes: Cluster of plane problems as 2014 comes to a close

First ever preserved grown-up cave bear found - even its nose tissue is intact

Anna Liesowska
The Siberian Times
Sat, 12 Sep 2020 18:16 UTC

© North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU)
Unique discovery of the perfectly preserved extinct cave bear showing its teeth after up to 39,000 years.

More details of the finds are to be announced soon.

Until now only the bones of cave bears have been discovered.

The new finds are of 'world importance', according to one of Russia's leading experts on extinct Ice Age species.

Scientist Lena Grigorieva said of the island discovery of the adult beast: 'Today this is the first and only find of its kind - a whole bear carcass with soft tissues.

'It is completely preserved, with all internal organs in place including even its nose.

Native American settlement discovered by drones beneath Kansas pasture

Bruce Bower
Science News
Thu, 10 Sep 2020 22:11 UTC

© J. CASANA
Remote-sensing devices mounted on drones identified a large earthwork beneath the surface of this cattle pasture in Kansas. Researchers suspect the site was once part of one of the largest Native American settlements north of Mexico.

Specially equipped drones flying over a Kansas cattle ranch have detected the buried remnants of a horseshoe-shaped ditch made more than 400 years ago by ancestors of today's Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, scientists say.

The find adds to suspicions that the Kansas site was part of a sprawling population center that Spanish explorers dubbed the Great Settlement in 1601, archaeologist Jesse Casana of Dartmouth College and his colleagues report August 24 in American Antiquity.

Called Etzanoa by a captive the Spanish took from the Great Settlement, it could turn out to be one of the largest Native American settlements ever established north of Mexico, if confirmed by further research. The largest currently known is Cahokia, a site in what's now Illinois where as many as 20,000 people lived between 1050 and 1150.

Ancestral Wichita communities in Kansas and northern Oklahoma that date to between around 1425 and 1650 existed in a time frame during which South America's Inca civilization rose and fell (SN: 8/3/20). In the 1800s, European settlers drove ancestral Wichita people from their native lands, leading to the destruction of their villages and communal traditions.

Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. tells Ron Paul that he believes JFK was assassinated by the CIA

Shane Trejo
Liberty Conservative News
Mon, 17 Aug 2020 00:00 UTC

Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. appeared on the Ron Paul Liberty Report last week to primarily discuss concerns with vaccines in relation to the COVID-19 scamdemic. Kennedy, Jr. is a leading advocate against mandatory vaccinations, a stance that has earned him the ire of the Big Pharma-funded medical establishment.

However, an interesting part of the discussion occurred when Paul asked Kennedy about what happened to his uncle, the former U.S. president who was shot dead by what the official government experts said was a "magic bullet." Kennedy does not believe the official story about what happened to his uncle, and instead believes that Kennedy was assassinated due to the family's battle against the CIA's program to meddle in foreign affairs.

Comment: See also:

New evidence shows ancient hunters stayed in frozen Northern Europe rather than migrate to warmer areas

University of Exeter
Mon, 07 Sep 2020 18:35 UTC

Ancient hunters stayed in the coldest part of Northern Europe rather than migrating to escape freezing winter conditions, archaeologists have found.

Evidence from Arctic fox bones show communities living around 27,500 years ago were killing small prey in the inhospitable North European Plains during the winter months of the last Ice Age.

Researchers have found no evidence of dwellings, suggesting people only stayed for a short time or lived in tents in the area excavated, Kraków Spadzista in Southern Poland - one of the largest Upper Palaeolithic sites in Central Europe. Until now it wasn't clear if people retreated elsewhere each winter to avoid the intense cold.

Dr Alexander Pryor, from the University of Exeter, who led the study, said: "Our research shows the cold harsh winter climates of the last ice age were no barrier to human activity in the area. Hunters made very specific choices about where and when to kill their prey."

Inhabitants of Kraków Spadzista around 27,500 years ago killed and butchered large numbers of woolly mammoths and arctic foxes at the site. For the first time, the research team were able to reconstruct details of how the foxes were moving around in the landscape before they died, and also what time of the year they died, through analysing the internal chemistry and growth structures of their tooth enamel and roots.

The analysis of teeth from four of the 29 hunted foxes show each was born and grew up in a different location, and had migrated either tens or hundreds of kilometres to the region before being killed by hunters - by snares, deadfalls or other trapping methods - for both their thick warm furs as well as meat and fat for food. The carcasses were brought back to the site to be skinned and butchered.

Climate change implicated in downfall of Indus Valley Civilization

Luke Auburn
Rochester Institute of Technology
Wed, 02 Sep 2020 22:44 UTC

This figure shows the settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization during different phases of its evolution. RIT Assistant Professor Nishant Malik developed a mathematical method that shows climate change likely caused the rise and fall of the ancient civilization.

A Rochester Institute of Technology researcher developed a mathematical method that shows climate change likely caused the rise and fall of an ancient civilization. In an article recently featured in the journal Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Nishant Malik, assistant professor in RIT's School of Mathematical Sciences, outlined the new technique he developed and showed how shifting monsoon patterns led to the demise of the Indus Valley Civilization, a Bronze Age civilization contemporary to Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt.

Comment: Correlation is not causation, and there are a number of other disciplines that bring valuable information to the table, because, as noted in How did the Harrappan civilization avoid war for 2,000 years?, climate change wasn't the only challenge the IVC was struggling with:

Add to this drought the fact that the cities had already been over-farming, and it's likely that starvation began driving people away from Harappa. There is also ample evidence that people in the cities were suffering from tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. The one-two punch of famine and plague left the region depopulated.

Biden teaches history: 'A black guy invented the light bulb, not a white guy named Edison'

Hank Berrien
The Daily Wire
Thu, 03 Sep 2020 17:36 UTC

On Thursday, noted historian and Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden reinvented history as he preached at a church, pontificating, "People fear that's, which, that which is different. We gotta, for example, why in God's name don't we teach history in history classes? A black guy invented the light bulb, not a white guy named Edison."

Uh .... no.

Despite Biden's false notion of history, genuine historians would point out that Thomas Edison did indeed invent the incandescent light bulb. As The Department of Energy wrote in 2013 under the Obama administration:

In 1835, the first constant electric light was demonstrated, and for the next 40 years, scientists around the world worked on the incandescent lamp, tinkering with the filament (the part of the bulb that produces light when heated by an electrical current) and the bulb's atmosphere (whether air is vacuumed out of the bulb or it is filled with an inert gas to prevent the filament from oxidizing and burning out). These early bulbs had extremely short lifespans, were too expensive to produce or used too much energy.

When Edison and his researchers at Menlo Park came onto the lighting scene, they focused on improving the filament — first testing carbon, then platinum, before finally returning to a carbon filament. By October 1879, Edison's team had produced a light bulb with a carbonized filament of uncoated cotton thread that could last for 14.5 hours. They continued to experiment with the filament until settling on one made from bamboo that gave Edison's lamps a lifetime of up to 1,200 hours — this filament became the standard for the Edison bulb for the next 10 years. Edison also made other improvements to the light bulb, including creating a better vacuum pump to fully remove the air from the bulb and developing the Edison screw (what is now the standard socket fittings for light bulbs).

Biden may have been referring to Lewis Latimer; LiveScience adds, "Several months after the 1879 patent was granted, Edison and his team discovered that a carbonized bamboo filament could burn for more than 1,200 hours. Bamboo was used for the filaments in Edison's bulbs until it began to be replaced by longer-lasting materials in the 1880s and early 1900s. In 1882, Lewis Howard Latimer, one of Edison's researchers, patented a more efficient way of manufacturing carbon filaments."

'Upside down houses' built for the dead in Stone Age tomb in Orkney

Heritage Daily
Fri, 04 Sep 2020 20:09 UTC

Maeshowe

A study of the Maeshowe tomb by the University of the Highlands and Islands has suggested that the side chambers of the tomb are styled upside-down, as inverted netherworlds for the dead to pass on into the afterlife.

Maeshowe is a Neolithic chambered cairn and passage grave, built around 2800 BC on the mainland of the Orkney Islands in Scotland. Maeshowe is one of the island's largest tombs, consisting of a large mound reaching a height of 24 feet that encases a complex of passages and chambers built from crafted slabs of flagstone.

The interior contains a 36-foot-long passageway that leads to a central square shaped chamber, illuminated on the winter solstice in similarity to the grand passage tomb of Newgrange found in Ireland.

Comment: See also:

Again, you know this is truly an agenda, cause like all corporate agenda's you start with the low lying fruit.

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Secret History

Early evidence for humans in Arabia: Track of 120,000-year-old footprints discovered

DNA studies show Vikings weren't all Scandinavians

Mysterious Disappearance: 5 missing aircraft that still baffle investigators today

First ever preserved grown-up cave bear found - even its nose tissue is intact

Native American settlement discovered by drones beneath Kansas pasture

Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. tells Ron Paul that he believes JFK was assassinated by the CIA

New evidence shows ancient hunters stayed in frozen Northern Europe rather than migrate to warmer areas

Climate change implicated in downfall of Indus Valley Civilization

Biden teaches history: 'A black guy invented the light bulb, not a white guy named Edison'

'Upside down houses' built for the dead in Stone Age tomb in Orkney

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