Secret History

Britain stole $45 trillion from India over 173 years, says top economist

Business Today
Sat, 24 Nov 2018 12:32 UTC

Britain ruled India for about 200 years, a period that was marred with extreme poverty and famine. India's wealth depleted in these two centuries. Renowned economist Utsa Patnaik, who has done a research on the fiscal relations between Colonial India and Britain, has tried to answer a question many Indians are likely to be interested to know -- how much money did Britishers take away from India? Patnaik, in her essay published in Columbia University Press recently, said Britain drained out over $45 trillion from India, which to date has hampered the country's ability to come out of poverty.

Patnaik said the scars of colonisation remain despite Britain leaving India over 70 years ago. "Between 1765 and 1938, the drain amounted to 9.2 trillion pounds ($45 trillion), taking India's export surplus earnings as the measure, and compounding it at a 5 per cent rate of interest," Patnaik said during an interview with Mint.

Mary Anning: A poor, Victorian woman who became one of the world's greatest palaeontologists

Adrian Currie
The Conversation
Fri, 02 Nov 2018 22:11 UTC

Mary Anning

Lyme Regis is an almost obnoxiously gorgeous town in Dorset in the west of England, perched atop the cliffs of the world-heritage listed Jurassic Coast. Thanks to a campaign set off by a local 10-year-old girl and her mother, the people of this town are raising funds to erect a statue to their famous citizen Mary Anning. As an expert on paleontology, I think this is a brilliant idea.

Mary Anning was born in 1799. Her family was poor - and somewhat tragic. She was named after an older sister who had died in a fire. Her father died when she was barely a teenager, leaving her family dependent on selling Lyme Regis' abundant ammonites, belamnites and other fossils to tourists. Fossils became the family business - and Mary was the sharpest fossil spotter.

What is it with Britain's bizarre place names?

James Harbeck
BBC
Wed, 09 Mar 2016 12:00 UTC

© Dorset Media Service/Alamy
The name of this Dorset hamlet has Anglo-Saxon (and unfortunate) roots: it stems from the town's stream, which once was used as an open sewer

The drive from the town of Much Wenlock to Ashby-de-la-Zouch is 60 miles east across the English Midlands. Once you have crossed the River Severn and passed the Wrekin rising to the left - the last of the Shropshire Hills - you join the M54 at the Wrekin Retail Park. At Featherstone, you have a choice: north and then east past Lichfield and Tamworth, or southeast past Walsall, Wednesbury and Birmingham, south of Sutton Coldfield, and northeast to cross the River Tame. Either way, once you're past Appleby Magna and crossing the River Mease, you're almost there. Be sure not to make a wrong turn and end up in Donisthorpe, Newton Burgoland or Snarestone.

And just like that, in an hour and a quarter, you will have covered the great sweep of British history: from the Celts through the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Scandinavians, and Normans to modern times - all as displayed in Britain's place names. (You can check out our map, not meant to be exhaustive, of some of Britain's stranger names at the bottom of this page).

British history didn't start with the Celtic peoples (Stonehenge didn't build itself, after all). But the Celtic tribes that arrived during the Iron Age, which started around 800BC, were the first to give a clear linguistic contribution that has lasted to modern times. They came in groups from the continent; those in the north spoke Goidelic (the source of Gaelic), while southerners spoke Brittonic.

Comment: Even more fascinating is how some of the names provide insight into even deeper mysteries, as Laura Knight-Jadczyk writes in Where Troy Once Stood: The Mystery of Homer's Iliad & Odyssey Revealed :

Well, what really baked my noodle was the part about the rivers. Language and how it morphs over time is a particular interest of mine and Wilkens showed that he knew his stuff. The plains near Cambridge and the Gog Magog Hills is a place where more than 12 rivers mentioned in the Iliad can still be recognised by name even today.

And there's the fact that these place names could give clues about the future: England's soggy historical place names could predict future climate

See also:

Humans were just as prone to injury as Neanderthals - And mostly the males

Ed Yong
Source
Wed, 14 Nov 2018 12:00 UTC

The very first Neanderthal to be described in the scientific literature, back in 1856, had an old elbow injury-a fracture that had since healed, but had deformed the bone in the process. Such injuries turned out to be incredibly common. Almost every reasonably complete Neanderthal skeleton that was found during the subsequent century had at least one sign of physical trauma. Some researchers attributed these lesions to fights, others to attacks by predators. But whatever the precise reason, scientists collectively inferred that Neanderthals must have lived short, stressful, and harsh lives.

In 1995, the anthropologists Thomas Berger and Erik Trinkaus cemented that impression by showing that Neanderthal injuries were concentrated around the head and neck. Of 17 skeletons, around 30 percent had signs of cranial trauma-a far higher proportion than in either prehistoric hunter-gatherers or 20th century humans. Only one group showed a similar pattern of fractures-rodeo riders.

"This is not meant to imply that Neanderthals would have met the behavioral qualifications for membership in the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association," wrote Berger and Trinkaus. Rather, it suggests that they hunted large beasts like mammoths, using spears that were more suitable for thrusting than throwing. They engaged their prey at close range, and had to cling on to wounded, thrashing targets. "Given the tendency of ungulates to react strongly to being impaled, the frequency of head and neck injuries... in the Neanderthals should not be surprising," the duo wrote.

Comment: The similarities with Homo sapiens may go some way to explaining the interbreeding that occurred, to the extent that those of Eurasian ancestry inherited between 1-4% of their DNA from Neanderthals.

See also:

History of vanilla rewritten as residue found in 3,600-year-old tomb in Palestine

Amanda Borschel-Dan
Time of Israel
Tue, 20 Nov 2018 12:47 UTC

© Robert S. Homsher
Interior of Tomb 50, an undisturbed burial chamber from some 3,600 years ago at Megiddo, looking toward the south corridor.

The first evidence of the use of vanilla has been discovered in residue from an afterlife feast at a 3,600-year-old tomb in Israel, rewriting the history of the spice.

Prior to this find, it was thought by scientists that vanilla originated 13,000 miles away, in South America, several thousand years later.

The vanillin compound was discerned in three out of four small jugs, which were placed as part of burial food offerings surrounding three intact skeletons, adorned with gold and silver jewelry. The treasure trove of jewels - and now vanilla extract - comes from a spectacular untouched Bronze Age burial chamber first excavated in 2016 at Megiddo.

The surprise discovery, labelled Tomb 50, by a team of excavators led by Tel Aviv University's Prof. Israel Finkelstein, has been widely publicized; the displayed wealth is thought to be due to an elite, or even royal, Canaanite burial.

Comment: With traces of nicotine and cocaine discovered in Egypt at a time when it's believed there was no contact with the Americas, it's clear that our understanding of ancient trade routes is sorely lacking. It's also possible that, back then, climatic conditions were more favourable to its cultivation in the region.

See also:

3,700 year old skeleton of a young Egyptian woman who died in childbirth found buried with unborn baby

Phoebe Weston
Daily Mail
Tue, 20 Nov 2018 12:08 UTC

The skeleton of an ancient Egyptian woman who tragically died during childbirth has been found alongside her tiny foetus (pictured)

The skeleton of an ancient Egyptian woman who tragically died during childbirth has been found alongside her unborn baby.

The woman, who died 3,700 years ago at the age of 25, was in the final weeks of pregnancy and officials believe she died following the start of labour.

She was buried in a graveyard used between 1750 BC and 1550 BC by nomadic people travelling north into the region of Nubia.

Experts from Yale University and the University of Bologna found the remains at the Kom Ombo archaeological project in Aswan, around 530 miles (852km) from Cairo.

Mustafa Waziri, Secretary-General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, said that the cemetery was used by travellers during the second transition period, between 1750 and 1550 BC.

Comment: See also:

Complex stone tools found in China

Hu Yue, Bo Li & Ben Marwick
The Conversation
Tue, 20 Nov 2018 05:02 UTC

You probably think of new technologies as electronics you can carry in a pocket or wear on a wrist. But some of the most profound technological innovations in human evolution have been made out of stone. For most of the time that humans have been on Earth, they've chipped stone into useful shapes to make tools for all kinds of work.

In a study just published in Nature, we've dated a distinctive and complex method for making stone tools to a much earlier time frame in China than had previously been accepted. Archaeologists had thought that artifacts of this kind had been carried into China by groups migrating from Europe and Africa. But our new discovery, dated to between 170,000 and 80,000 years ago, suggests that they could have been invented locally without input from elsewhere, or come from much earlier cultural transmission or human migration.

Several different species of humans lived on Earth at this time, including modern ones like us. But we haven't found any human bones from this site, so don't know which species of human made these tools.

These Chinese artifacts provide one more piece of evidence that changes the way we think about the origin and spread of new stone tool technologies. And intriguingly we made our discovery based on artifacts that had been excavated decades ago.

Viking city: Excavation reveals urban pioneers not violent raiders

David Crouch
The Guardian
Tue, 20 Nov 2018 11:00 UTC

Excavations in Ribe, Denmark show that Viking culture was based on sophisticated production and trade. Is their brutal reputation unfair?

In an extraordinary moment captured on film this summer, the tuning pegs and neck of a lyre, a harplike stringed instrument, were carefully prised out of the soil of Ribe, a picturesque town on Denmark's south-west coast. Dated to around AD720, the find was the earliest evidence not just of Viking music, but of a culture that supported instrument-makers and musicians.

The same excavation also found the remains of wooden homes; moulds for fashioning ornaments from gold, silver and brass; intricate combs made from reindeer antlers (the Viking equivalent of ivory); and amber jewellery dating to the early 700s.

Even more extraordinary, however, was the discovery that these artefacts were not for home consumption by farmers, let alone itinerant raiders. Instead, the Vikings who made them lived in a settled, urban community of craftsmen, seafarers, tradesmen and, it seems, musicians.

Comment: Evidently what we've been told about the Viking's is far from the truth, and it's likely they're used as cover by chroniclers to explain the disaster which befell Briton and nigh on wiped out the population.

As Laura Knight-Jadczyk in Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets: Damages, Disasters, Injuries, Deaths, and Very Close Calls writes:

Until that point in time, the Britons had held control of post-Roman Britain, keeping the Anglo-Saxons isolated and suppressed. After the Romans were gone, the Britons maintained the status quo, living in towns, with elected officials, and carrying on trade with the empire. After AD 536, the year reported as the "death of Arthur", the Britons, the ancient Cymric empire that at one time had stretched from Cornwall in the south to Strathclyde in the north, all but disappeared, and were replaced by Anglo-Saxons. There is much debate among scholars as to whether the Anglo-Saxons killed all of the Britons, or assimilated them. Here we must consider that they were victims of possibly many overhead cometary explosions which wiped out most of the population of Europe, plunging it into the Dark Ages which were, apparently, really DARK, atmospherically speaking.

And the Vikings were likely beneficiaries of the warm period that followed:

The Little Ice Age followed a period known as the "Medieval Maximum" that is dated to between 900 AD - 1280 AD, which copious records reveal was much warmer than modern times. For instance, grapevines grew in the area of today's shivering Wales! This was generally a period of prosperity for civilizations. There was a large increase in world population and an era of colonial expansion. During the years 800 AD - 1200 AD, Greenland and Iceland were settled by the Vikings.

James Corbett's "The WWI Conspiracy": The American Front

James Corbett
The Corbett Report
Mon, 19 Nov 2018 18:27 UTC

Difficult as it had been for the Round Table to maneuver the British Empire into the war with Germany, it would be that much harder for their American fellow travelers to coax the United States out of its neutrality and into World War One. The cabal was going to have to leverage its control of the press and key governmental positions to begin to shape public perception and instill pro-war sentiment. And once again, the full resources of these motivated co-conspirators were brought to bear on the task. Join The Corbett Report for Part Two of The WWI Conspiracy.

CLICK HERE for the complete transcript and downloads of The WWI Conspiracy.

Watch this video on BitChute / DTube / YouTube or Download the mp4

For those with limited bandwidth, CLICK HERE to download a smaller, lower file size version of this episode.

For those interested in audio quality, CLICK HERE for the highest-quality version of this episode (WARNING: very large download).

Comment: See previous episode of Corbett's series here: James Corbett's "The WWI Conspiracy": To Start A War

Historian reveals true story behind the 'multiple and messy' Domesday books

Craig Chamberlain
Phys.org
Thu, 15 Nov 2018 10:33 UTC

Domesday Book

Nearly a thousand years ago, a famous king created a famous book, later given the title "Domesday" (pronounced "doomsday").

At least that's been the common story: William the Conqueror, 20 years after his 1066 invasion of England from Normandy, ordered a massive survey of his new realm. One year later, he got a book with the results-a record of the nation's wealth and resources, everything from property to sheep to servants.

The "Great Domesday Book," as it was later named, is perhaps the most famous document in English history after the Magna Carta.

The book's origin story, however, had not been thoroughly investigated until University of Illinois history professor Carol Symes took up the task. "What had never been resolved is how this massive text was really created," Symes said, "and in this incredibly narrow timeframe."

Comment: Clearly the reliability of such texts should always be viewed with a critical eye, as Laura Knight-Jadczyk writes in The Golden Age, Psychopathy and the Sixth Extinction:

As I pointed out in Witches, Comets and Planetary Cataclysms the falsification of history that Fomenko has clearly identified occurred at the end of 300 years of disaster piled on disaster beginning with the decimation of the population of Europe by the Black Death. This certainly fits Zinoviev's model that, at a certain point, the old, distorted representation of history no longer serves and a new legitimation of authority is required to restore peace and keep the masses under control. What Fomenko notes is that the temporal and spatial parameters of much later times were imposed on the stories of the more distant past, but that does not entirely invalidate those stories; it just means that things were re-established and what was familiar to the 'trained specialists' was utilized to give the new view of the past a more realistic 'feel'.

"Delay only adds to chaos and confusion." Tactical chaos and confusion?

ReRan

Jesuit Pope. Just part of our Global Death Cult. What did you expect?

Baybars

Still not time to start shooting America?...Wake me up when it starts

dean

So much for the Bible ordering the believers not to take the mark of the beast.....Mossad sure must have some disgusting videos of this pope on...

dean

Americans do not vastly overestimate the numbers. Americans are programmed to not think for themselves, and to follow the fear porn, which vastly...

ReRan

Secret History

Britain stole $45 trillion from India over 173 years, says top economist

Mary Anning: A poor, Victorian woman who became one of the world's greatest palaeontologists

What is it with Britain's bizarre place names?

Humans were just as prone to injury as Neanderthals - And mostly the males

History of vanilla rewritten as residue found in 3,600-year-old tomb in Palestine

3,700 year old skeleton of a young Egyptian woman who died in childbirth found buried with unborn baby

Complex stone tools found in China

Viking city: Excavation reveals urban pioneers not violent raiders

James Corbett's "The WWI Conspiracy": The American Front

Historian reveals true story behind the 'multiple and messy' Domesday books

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