Secret History
Alex Alvarez, Franco Attolini, and Alberto (Beto) Nava are members of PET (Projecto Espeleológico de Tulum), an organization that specializes in the exploration and survey of underwater caves on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico.
Alex, Franco and Beto have surveyed tens of thousands of feet of mazelike cave passages in the state of Quintana Roo. The team's relatively recent explorations of a large pit named Hoyo Negro (Black Hole, in Spanish), deep within a flooded cave, resulted in their breathtaking and once-in-a-lifetime discovery of the remains of an Ice Age mastodon and a human skull at the very bottom of the black abyss.
Beto recalls the amazing day of the discovery of Hoyo Negro.
"We started the exploration while following the main tunnel and progressed relatively fast by using scooters to cover more terrain.
"After about 1,500 feet [450 meters] we began to see the light of another entrance, so we headed towards it and surfaced.
"After taking a moment to chat and laugh about what a great dive we were having, we dropped down to continue the work."

Flanked by special forces, antiquities chief Zahi Hawass speaks at Cairo's Egyptian Museum last Monday. But did he actually have his loyal thugs steal artifacts then blame it on the protesters?
First I would like to start by saying he is an employee of the Ministry of Antiquities
[This is my first translation I hope I have done it justice. -- Anonymous Translator]
Note: What follows is a rough translation of the video interview published by the Arabic site: www.alwafd.org.
(Some spelling errors have been corrected however for the most part the translation from Arabic to English has not been professionally proof read).
Click Here to view the original YouTube video interview in Arabic.
Along with the addition of various fictional details, the story of those footprints began spreading to others, and finally caught the attention of reporters, archaeologists and other experts. After careful investigation, they eventually were able to unlock the true story.
Huge footprints on the cliff
Local legends surrounding the footprints started back in 1967, when a man surnamed Qiao went to quarry some stones around his village. When he raised a piece of stone on a cliff, he found a pit in the shape of footprint. Then, he called his neighbors to clean all the stones on the cliff, and they found a line of footprints heading to the edge of the cliff. The scene totally shocked Qiao and his neighbors, and the stories of those special footprints started spreading after that.
"The skull of Wynric Lance, failed claimant to the throne of Eirea, does not make as good a wine goblet as Lord Shryke had imagined, the despot revealed Monday. "This damn thing is practically impossible to drink out of," said Shryke at a banquet celebrating the defeat of the Army Of Light... Shryke concluded that while he might end up drinking from Lance's skull "occasionally, for show," he plans to retain his set of brass flutes for everyday use." - The Onion
Stock fantasy villains might like to drink from the skulls of their enemies, but the practice has its roots in historical reality. For thousands of years, humans have turned each others' skulls into containers and drinking cups. Now, Silvia Bello from London's Natural History Museum has found the oldest skull-cups ever recorded in a cave in Somerset, England.
Gough's Cave is found in the Cheddar Gorge near Bristol. It's a treasure trove of human remains, including Cheddar Man, the country's oldest complete human skeleton. He lived around 9,000 years ago, but the cave's oldest human fragments date back even further.
These include three skull-cups that Bello recovered in excellent condition. Two belonged to adults and one to a 3-year-old child. All of them were made by the Magdelanian culture, a group of prehistoric people who lived in Western Europe. No one knows how they used the grisly cups, but it's clear that they manufactured them with great control. They all bear a large series of dents and cut-marks that were precisely inflicted.
Among the archaeological finds are two 75-pound Columbian mammoth tusks that were unearthed in the Southern Tier community of Randolph in the 1930s. Workers digging a fish hatchery discovered the fossils, which are an estimated 13,000 years old.
On this date in 1865, William Wrightson, who brought the first printing press to Arizona, was killed by Apaches in the Santa Rita mountains. Mount Wrightson is named for him.
On this date in 1908, Mrs. Ellen Lynn was appointed as the first woman mail carrier in Tucson. Lynn covered Rural Route 1, which circled the entire town of Tucson, in a horse and buggy.
On this date in 1909, Geronimo died at Fort Sill, Okla.
On this date 1913, a prehistoric graveyard was unearthed along Sycamore Creek near Prescott containing the skeletons of people who appeared to have been at least 8 feet tall.
The Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology reported on Feb. 14 that it discovered an ancient tomb group covering an area of more than 10,000 square meters 100 kilometers south of Hami City in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. This is the first time that a tomb group dating back 3,000 years has been found in Hami region.
Chinanews reported that the tombs group has a large scale and a dense distribution. It was also the first time that a tomb with a sacrificial altar was found in the Xinjiang region. Most burial objects were made of pottery and wood, but some objects made from stones, bones, horns, bronze and iron were also found here.
The director of Hami's Cultural Relics Bureau said archaeologists had already excavated more than 150 ancient tombs in the last two months.
The three human braincases, two from adults and one from a child, were carefully skinned and cleaned with flint tools. The soft tissue was removed and probably consumed, leaving a well-shaped cup, perhaps made for use in some sort of ritual.
This is not a scene from a horror movie. British paleoanthropologists report their discovery of these skull-cups in the current issue of the journal PLoS One. The 14,700-year-old cups were found in Gough's Cave in Somerset, England, and are the oldest directly dated skull-cups known, based on radiocarbon analysis.
"It shows, really, how skilled these people were in shaping the skull, and also the fact that it was a very complex ritual," said Silvia Bello, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London and the study's lead author.