Secret HistoryS


Map

Poland and Ukraine

Duda/Zelensky
© ReutersPoland President Andrzej Duda • Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky
Poland and Ukraine have a complex history of massacres on both sides. However, for eight years, they have been united against Russia. After having considered annexing a Russian territory if Moscow loses the war, Warsaw would like to annex a Ukrainian territory, if Kiev loses. President Andrzej Duda has reportedly received guarantees from his counterpart Volodymyr Zelensky that, in gratitude for his military aid against the Russians, his country could annex Galicia.

From the Carpathian Mountains to the Urals, there are no mountains. Consequently, Eastern Europe is a vast plain in which many peoples have passed and sometimes settled without the relief allowing to delimit the borders of their territory. Poland, Moldavia, Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic States and the European part of Russia are corridors of passage whose history is dominated by flows. Most of these states back onto a sea or a mountain. Only Belarus and Ukraine have no natural borders.

MIB

CIA man's 'tell-all' book reveals more about internal agency incompetence than Russian malfeasance

cia sad
© AFP / SAUL LOEB
In The Fourth Man, former CIA officer Robert Baer crafts a narrative full of speculation and short on facts

In 1984, the CIA and the FBI were riding high. Each of these powerful organizations were managing portfolios of Soviet agents who were ostensibly doing their bidding, spying against the USSR, and providing the United States with troves of secret information about the inner workings of the former superpower.

Then, between 1985 and 1986, the walls came tumbling down. Thanks to three American traitors, the entire portfolio of spies being run by the CIA and FBI were rounded up by Soviet authorities. Responsibility for this intelligence disaster would ultimately be assigned to two CIA officers (Edward Lee Howard, who gave away Adolf Tolkachev, the "billion dollar spy," so named because the information he provided on Moscow's military capabilities saved the US a billion dollars in research and development costs, and Aldrich Ames, who betrayed 25 Soviet moles, 10 of whom were allegedly arrested and subsequently executed for their crimes) and one FBI man (Robert Hansen, who betrayed scores of Soviet agents, along with the names of so-called double agents - Americans recruited by the Soviets to spy, but who were really working for either the CIA or FBI).

Blue Planet

DNA from 16 ancient peoples found on Indonesian island spanning last 3,000 years

Topogaro
© Rintaro Ono/ZengerCave entrance of the Topogaro 2 site, one of the cave sites of the Topogaro complex located in Central Sulawesi. Topogaro 2 has been excavated since 2016. Human remains from the past 2,000 years were found in the upper layers.
An international team of experts has sequenced the DNA from 16 ancient people and found that a group of Indonesian islands were a melting pot for humans thousands of years ago.

The Wallacean islands, in what is now Eastern Indonesia, have a long and rich history of being home to modern humans going back thousands of years, according to the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany.

The islands, separated by deep straits and located between the Asian and Australian continental shelves, have yielded evidence that there was repeated genetic mixing between distinct groups of human beings going back at least 3,000 years, the experts said.

Dominoes

The Russian language in post-Soviet Ukraine: 30 years of discrimination against the country's most popular tongue

Flag switch
© Romain Carre/NurPhoto/Corbis/Getty imagesPro-Russian gathering in Lenin Square in Donetsk, March 23, 2014 to take down Ukrainian flag and replace with Russian and Donetsk insignia flags
If you go to Ukraine and walk through the streets of Kiev, Vinnitsa, Chernigov, or Kharkov, it may seem like you're in Moscow or Rostov-on-Don, as the majority of the people in these cities speak Russian.

At the same time, Ukraine is a country with one of the harshest language law regimes in the world. Russian, which is spoken by the vast, vast majority of the country's population, is almost de jure banned there. How did this happen?

You can, but you can't

One of the favorite phrases of Ukrainian nationalists is the sarcastic: 'Who says you can't speak Russian?'

Until 2019, when the law 'On Ensuring the Functioning of Ukrainian as the State Language' was adopted, this sarcasm was partially justified. Officially, Ukrainians were obliged to speak Ukrainian, but, in fact, they spoke whatever was convenient for them. And no one paid much attention, at least in the first couple of decades of independence.

Question

Where is the tomb of Genghis Khan?

Do modern Mongolians even want it to be found?

Genghis Khan
© Francesco Vaninetti Photo via Getty ImagesHere we see a close-up of the Genghis Khan Equestrian Statue found in Erdene, Tov province, Mongolia.
Genghis Khan unified the Mongols and created an enormous empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Ukraine by the time of his death in 1227; and his successors would go on to conquer even more territory.

So, where is this charismatic leader buried? Does he have a monumental tomb like the pyramids built for the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, or a mausoleum with terra-cotta warriors, like the one built for China's first Qin emperor?

The answer is that the location of Genghis Khan's tomb is unknown and unlikely to be found anytime soon. Moreover, some people in Mongolia might prefer that it is never found, as Genghis is regarded by some today with an almost religious reverence, experts tell Live Science.

The tomb, wherever it may be, "is very important to the people of Mongolia with almost religious overtones," William Honeychurch, an associate professor of anthropology at Yale University, told Live Science in an email. He declined to speculate on where the tomb may be located.

One possibility is that Genghis Khan was buried in Mongolia's eastern Khentii province, where he was born. "I think the tomb is in [the] mountains in Khentii Province," Nancy Steinhardt, a professor of East Asian art at the University of Pennsylvania's Penn Museum, told Live Science in an email. "I don't think it will be found any time soon," she added.

Info

Gobekli Tepe to ancient Egypt?

Predynastic Egyptian carving
© PreHistory DecodedPredynastic Egyptian carving
There are now plenty of clear symbolic similarities between Gobekli Tepe and later 'intercultural' symbols found across Egypt, Mesopotamia, Iran and the Indus Valley. Apart from all the zodiac-like animal symbols, which seem to have informed some of the earliest deities in Ancient Egypt, we have the above figure, probably a time-controlling or creation deity, with a double-V neck symbol. We see a similar figure at Sayburc,

Urfa Man,
© PreHistory Decoded
which is also probably the same deity as Urfa Man,
Urfa Man,
© PreHistory Decoded

Star of David

The story of when Israel attacked America, and the US government sided with Tel Aviv

USS Liberty
© WikipediaThe seriously damaged USS Liberty en route to the port of Valletta, Malta, for repairs following the attack by Israeli torpedo boats and aircraft, June 8, 1967. The helicopter hovering over the bow of the ship is removing the dead and wounded to the aircraft carrier USS America.
On June 8, 1967, Israel attacked an American intelligence ship named the USS Liberty. The incident left two-thirds of the ship's crew dead or injured, in an intentional assault by the Israeli military, yet the US government's response was to move on and become closer with Tel Aviv. It could be argued that this set a precedent for Israel to kill US citizens with impunity.

It was four days into the Six-Day War. Israel had occupied the West Bank, Gaza Strip and East Jerusalem, defeated the Jordanian military, crushed the Egyptians, and was having success against Syria. Tel Aviv had told the US it would be a limited war, in which it would not pursue the seizure of areas such as the Syrian Golan Heights or Egyptian Sinai Peninsula. However, Israel was poised to do just that.

Floating in the international waters of the Mediterranean, off the coast of Egypt, a state-of-the-art American ship carrying around 300 crewmen was stationed to gather intelligence that was key to Washington's interests in the region. It was during the Cold War, and Israel was taking on three of the most problematic Middle East allies of the Soviet Union: Egypt, Syria and the Palestine Liberation Organization. The conflict, about to end in just a few days' time, would reshape the region in the West's favor and earn Tel Aviv its position as one of America's top allies.

Eggs Fried

Humanity's 3,500 year old association with chickens revealed in new study

chicken
© Antiquity Publications Ltd/Photo by Robert MayThe ancestors of modern domesticated chickens were revered for their exotic looks and distinctive voices.
Chickens' first relationship with humans may not have been as a platter of wings or a pair of tasty drumsticks. Researchers have found that people initially saw these now-ubiquitous birds as exotic, and they venerated and even worshiped them.

These first domesticated chickens weren't the hefty, fast-growing birds of today. They would have been about one-third the size of modern chickens, and their striking coloration and distinctive noises likely led people to view them as mysterious and exciting novelties rather than as potential meals, according to a new study. In fact, approximately 500 years elapsed between the time when chickens first arrived in Europe, and the time when they began to be used widely for food.

Pistol

Ukraine volunteer fighter and US citizen Craig Lang armed by Colombia to overthrow Venezuela's gov't, FBI source says

Volunteer fighter
© Unknown
  • An FBI affidavit against an American fighting in Ukraine, Craig Lang, states he was previously armed by Colombian police to attack the Venezuelan government.
  • Another American fighting in Ukraine, white nationalist Paul Gray, was also involved in a plot to topple Venezuela's government, according to a former associate of coup leader Juan Guaidó.
  • Lang is wanted by the US for murdering a couple in Florida and robbing them to pay for his trip to the Venezuelan border. He is also accused by the FBI of torture and murder in Ukraine.
  • Gray has been associated with four neo-Nazi organizations in the US, and now serves with the Georgian Foreign Legion in Ukraine.
Craig Lang, a US Army veteran accused by US authorities of carrying out murders on American soil as well as torture and other war crimes in Ukraine, allegedly joined a band of insurgents armed by the Colombian police to overthrow the Venezuelan government.

An FBI affidavit against Lang states that he was in Colombia with an Army pal when the country's national police provided him with weapons to attack Venezuela.

Lang's history tracks closely with that of Paul Gray, a fellow US military veteran and white nationalist also fighting in Ukraine. According to new revelations by a former compatriot of US-backed Venezuelan coup leader Juan Guaidó, Gray was also involved in a scheme to attack Venezuela from Colombian territory.

The startling disclosure by Guaidó's former associate was prompted by a May 31, 2022 report by The Grayzone which exposed Lang and Gray's exploits in Ukraine, and identified Lang as having participated in a failed mission to destabilize Venezuela's government from Colombian territory.

Star of David

How Israel's 1967 war paved the way for the turmoil in today's Middle East

Israeli tanks
© Getty Images/Three LionsIsraeli Centurion tank corps prepare for battle during the Six-Day War.
On the anniversary of the Six-Day War, RT looks at how the conflict shaped the region.

On the 5th of June, 1967, a conflict which lasted only six days would go on to re-shape the entire Middle East, overthrow secular Arab Nationalism and unite Tel Aviv with Washington. All of which would pave the way for Israel to be handed carte blanche by the world's most powerful country and prompt a US policy that would go on to tear the entire region to pieces.

The Six-Day War of 1967 is often misconstrued in popular Western discourse as having represented a victory for liberal democracy. Often presented as a battle between good and evil, the Jewish David and Arab Goliath, the real story of the third Arab-Israeli war was one of a shrewd, but brutal, political power play on the part of Israel. One that for better, or for worse, caused a re-structuring of Middle Eastern resistance to the West, as well as of the US-led bloc's policy in the region.