Secret HistoryS


Vinyl

Experts to unravel sound effects of Malta's Hypogeum Hal Saflieni

Image
"In addition to stimulating their more creative sides, it appears that an atmosphere of resonant sound in the frequency of 110 would have been “switching on” an area of the brain that bio-behavioural scientists believe relates to mood, empathy and social behaviour."

An international team of scientists is about to descend on Malta's Hypogeum of Hal Saflieni, a UNESCO World Heritage Site which is believed to be the oldest prehistoric underground temple in the world. The subterranean structure is shrouded in mystery, from the discovery of elongated skulls to stories of paranormal phenomena. But the characteristic that is attracting experts from around the globe is the unique acoustic properties found within the underground chambers of the Hypogeum.

Hal Saflieni Hypogeum is a cultural property of exceptional prehistoric value, dating back approximately 5,000 years and the only known example of a subterranean structure of the Bronze Age. The 'labyrinth', as it is often called, consists of a series of elliptical chambers and alveoli of varying importance across three levels, to which access is gained by different corridors. The principal rooms distinguish themselves by their domed vaulting and by the elaborate structure of false bays inspired by the doorways and windows of contemporary terrestrial constructions.

Although not known for certain, it is believed that the hypogeum was originally used as a sanctuary, possibly for an oracle. It is for this reason that a unique chamber carved out of solid limestone and demonstrating incredible acoustic properties has been called 'the Oracle Chamber'. According to William Arthur Griffiths, who wrote 'Malta and its Recently Discovered Prehistoric Temples', a word spoken in the Oracle room is "magnified a hundredfold and is audible throughout the entire structure. The effect upon the credulous can be imagined when the oracle spoke and the words came thundering forth through the dark and mysterious place with terrifying impressiveness."

Igloo

What caused a 10-year winter starting in AD 536?

Winter
© io9
A winter that lasts years isn't just a problem in Game of Thrones. Roughly 1500 years ago, our world was turned upsidown by a winter that witnesses say "never ended." Now there is scientific evidence that there really was a decade of winter.

Scholars writing in Europe and Asia at the time reported that the year 536 and the years following were bitterly cold. They described conditions that reminded them of an eclipse, and claim that the sun remained "small," with ice frosting up crops even in summer. That year and the decade following were also times of great famine, plague and war - possibly connected to the devastating harvests that left many people hungry, angry, and wandering in search of more fertile lands.

Over at New Scientist, Colin Barras has a terrific article about the scientific quest to discover whether these reports have any basis in reality. For years, scientists have studied tree rings and ice cores, looking for clues that could reveal whether the weather change was caused by a supervolcano (which have been known to cool the planet considerably).

Some promising evidence suggests there may have been a supereruption in El Salvador, which could help explain why Maya settlements nearby mysteriously stopped producing written records for a few years. But that wouldn't explain why the planet remained cold for many years. Usually a supervolcano only affects the weather for a year at most.

Eye 1

First World War killed one million more soldiers than records show - and one in five injured troops suffered shell-shock

Image
The futility of war - will we remember, and learn from history?

“man's blind indifference to his fellow man. And a whole generation who were butchered and damned”

“the suffering, the sorrow, the glory, the shame. The killing, the dying, it was all done in vain.”
  • New history of Great War also reveals shell shock severely underestimated
  • Professor Antoine Prost says up to 10million died in conflict, not 9million
  • Governments gave conservative figures and failed to include many missing
One million more soldiers may have died in the First World War than first believed while survivors left with crippling shell-shock were also severely underestimated, leading academics said today.

Antoine Prost, Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Paris, says that in the chaos after the Great War governments, including Britain's, produced conservative death figures.

Professor Prost also says errors in casualty lists and the vast number of missing soldiers means ten million probably perished in trench warfare between 1914 and 1918, not nine million as first thought.

Books

Did Hitler escape to Argentina?

According to a new book by prolific conspiracy theorist Jerome Corsi, the Fuhrer didn't commit suicide but instead escaped Berlin with the help of the U.S. government.
Image
© Bettmann/Corbis
Jerome R. Corsi is a bona fide conspiracy theorist. Since 2004's Unfit for Command, the New York Times best-selling--and widely denounced--takedown of then-presidential candidate John Kerry, Corsi has churned out a constant stream of articles and books pushing unsubstantiated ideas on everything from the origin of oil to the U.S.'s role in 9/11 to Barack Obama's nationality--all the while waving his Harvard PhD. as some kind of evidence that he's not a complete and utter wingnut.

Corsi's latest hypothesis, detailed in his new book Hunting Hitler, is that the German dictator didn't actually kill himself alongside wife Eva Braun in his Berlin bunker as history books would have us believe. According to Corsi, Hitler actually escaped Germany as the Third Reich fell, and he did it with the help of none other than the U.S. government.

Corsi's argument is that there's no real proof Hitler didn't escape. The world has long been willing to accept the idea that Hitler shot himself while Braun took cyanide, but where is the photographic evidence? The world's most notorious genocidal maniac shot himself in a private bunker and no one took pictures? Corsi doesn't buy it.

Moon

The greatest achievement by mankind: Why the Moon Landing could never have been a hoax

moon landing
July 20th 1969: “One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." [1] The apparent flag waving on the "atmosphere free" moon is discussed below.
43 years later there are still some who won't believe mankind's greatest scientific achievement of the last 50 years. I can still remember that magical, awe inspiring remarkable moment in history when Neil Armstrong planted the American flag in the lunar soil on the moon.

James Longuski, Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Engineering at Purdue University, dismissed the idea that man didn't land on the moon.
To suppose a conspiracy to fake a moon landing because the United States was technologically incapable of going to the moon, that numerous photos and films have been doctored, that a trip to the moon would have resulted in radiation killing the astronauts and that numerous key members of the Apollo program died under suspicious circumstances considering it would have to be a ten-year conspiracy involving more than 400,000 people who worked on the Apollo project including the 12 men who walked on the Moon, the six who flew with them as Command Module pilots, and another six astronauts who orbited the Moon is absurd in the highest degree.[2]
Hundreds of thousands of people - including astronauts, scientists, engineers, technicians, and skilled laborers - would have had to keep the secret. Longuski argues that it would have been much easier to really land on the Moon than to generate such a huge conspiracy to fake the landings. Penn Jillette made note of this in the "Conspiracy Theories" episode of his contrarian television show, Penn & Teller: Bullshit!, in 2005. He said that keeping that many people from talking about the Hoax would be impossible.

Question

Elongated human skulls of Peru: Possible evidence of a lost human species?

Image
Four hours drive south of Lima Peru one finds the Paracas Peninsula, part of which is an ecological reserve, where one can see wildlife such as sea lions, and a myriad of various sea bird species. The area is amazingly rich in seafood, and abundant fresh water exists just below the surface of the desert sands, suitable for irrigation free agriculture.

Therefore, it would seem to be a very liveable place for humans. Stone tools, of various forms and styles of shaping have been found in the area, and cursory analysis has established dates of as old as 8000 years. The greatest of Peruvian archaeologists, Julio Tello, made studies in this area in 1928 and performed excavations on the north side of the peninsula, in the central area of the large semi-circular bay there. He discovered and excavated a massive and elaborate graveyard, where each tomb contained an entire family, each one ornately wrapped in multiple layers of highly stylized, woven and coloured cotton cloth. He also found the sand filled remains of subterranean houses, which turned out to be numerous; so numerous in fact, that the village stretched out for between 1 and 2 km just above the seashore.

But, the most amazing finds were the skulls, some enormously elongated. The scientific name for this is dolichocephally. Most skulls exhibiting this condition, found in many parts of the world, were clearly the result of the practice of head-binding, the process being known as cranial deformation. And so how was this achieved?

Sherlock

Mystery pharaoh of Abydos dynasty found in Egypt

skeleton of Woseribre Senebkay
© Jennifer Wegner, Penn MuseumThe skeleton of Woseribre Senebkay, who appears to be one of the earliest kings of a forgotten Abydos Dynasty (1650–1600 B.C.)
The remains of a previously unknown pharaoh who reigned more than 3,600 years ago have emerged from the desert sand at South Abydos in Sohag province, about 300 miles south of Cairo, the Egyptian antiquities ministry said.

The skeleton of Woseribre Senebkay, who appears to be one of the earliest kings of a forgotten Abydos Dynasty (1650 - 1600 B.C.) was found by a University of Pennsylvania expedition working with Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities. It rested in a four-chambered tomb amidst the fragmented debris of his coffin, funerary mask and canopic chest. Such chests were used to contain the organs of an individual.

Senebkay's tomb dates to about 1650 B.C., during Egypt's Second Intermediate Period, when central authority collapsed, giving rise to several small kingdoms. It was found close to a larger royal sarcophagus chamber, recently identified as belonging to king Sobekhotep (probably Sobekhotep I, ca. 1780 BC) of the 13th Dynasty.

Flashlight

Archaeologists find elongated skulls in Maya underwater cave

Image
© Bradley Russell, National Geographic GranteeA recent underwater survey in the cavern, or cenote, located in Mexico's Yucatán, has found a likely reason for its fearsome reputation—the floors of its two chambers are littered with human bones.
A flooded sinkhole in southern Mexico that terrifies local villagers has just been explored by underwater archaeologists, who found the submerged cavern littered with elongated skulls and human bones.

The underwater cavern, known as Sac Uayum, is a cenote located in Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula. A cenote is a natural pit resulting from the collapse of limestone bedrock that exposes groundwater underneath. They were sometimes used by the ancient Maya for sacrificial offerings.

Sac Uayum sits just outside the ruins of the ancient Maya city of Mayapán, about 40 kilometres south of Mérida, the capital of the Mexican state of Yucatán. Mayapán was a major political centre from the 12th to the 15th century AD and contained a city enclosed within a stone wall. Within the city walls, there were around 40 cenotes which would have served as vital sources of water for the 17,000 residents and may have even been the reason for the city to have been built there.

Info

450,000-year-old cemetery discovered?

Jizan
© Google MapA Google map showing the location of Jizan.
Remnants of an ancient civilization dating back 450,000 years, including a mass grave, have been found in the southern Jazan region, said Faisal Al-Tumaihi, an archaeologist at Jazan University.

"A group of Saudi archaeologists discovered the site of an ancient civilization in Hasma," he said. "The antiquities that have been found in the area included those dating back to the pre-historic period," he added.

He said the latest excavations in the region took place in Hasma, which is located northeast of Uhd Masaraha, last year. "The antiques found in the area also included a jar dating back 5,000 years. It was found in Ather, an ancient coastal city," Al-Tumaihi said.

The Permanent Committee for Research and Ifta, under the chairmanship of Grand Mufti Sheikh Abdul Aziz Al-Asheikh, has approved the exhumation of ancient graves in the cemetery, said Ali Zaala, spokesman of the Jazan governorate.

Pharoah

Weird facts about King Tut and his mummy

Image
© Harry Burton/Wikimedia CommonsBritish archaeologist Howard Carter in the tomb of King Tut.
King Tutankhamun's penis was mummified erect -- that's one of the several weird, unexplained details about the best-known pharaoh of ancient Egypt.

The boy pharaoh has been puzzling scientists ever since his mummy and treasure-packed tomb were discovered exactly 91 years ago on Nov. 22, 1922 in the Valley of the Kings by British archaeologist Howard Carter.

Only a few facts about his life are known. Tut.ankh.Amun, "the living image of Amun," ascended the throne in 1333 B.C., at the age of nine, and reigned until his death at between 17 and 19 years. He was a pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, probably the greatest of the Egyptian royal families.