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Servants of Machu Picchu elite were from diverse backgrounds, new genome study reveals

Jim Shelton
Yale University
Wed, 26 Jul 2023 12:00 UTC
Machu Picchu
© stock.adobe.com
DNA analysis offers new insights into A Yale-led research team has conducted the first genome-wide study of retainers who lived and worked at Machu Picchu.
A genetic analysis suggests that the servants and retainers who lived, worked, and died at Machu Picchu, the renowned 15th century Inca palace in southern Peru, were a diverse community representing many different ethnic groups from across the Inca empire.

The genomic data, described in a new study in Science Advances, is the first investigation of the genomic diversity of individuals buried at Machu Picchu and adjacent places around Cusco, the Inca capital. It builds upon previous archeological and bio-archaeological research, including a 2021 Yale-led study which found that Machu Picchu (AD 1420-1530) is older than was previously believed.

"The DNA analysis not only confirms the historical accounts that retainers were drawn from many different ethnic groups under Inca control, but it also demonstrates a much greater diversity of origins than had been suspected with individuals being brought from the entire empire," said archaeologist Richard Burger, the Charles J. MacCurdy Professor of Anthropology in Yale's Faculty of Arts and Sciences and lead researcher for the Machu Picchu project.

Comment: It seems to be a relatively common scenario whereby the elite are served by peoples they have conquered: Also check out SOTT radio's: MindMatters: America Before: Comets, Catastrophes, Mounds and Mythology



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Info

Thracian horseman tablet discovered in Bulgaria


Bulgarian News Agency
Thu, 27 Jul 2023 22:36 UTC
Thracian horseman
© Bulgarian News Agency
A stone votive relief depicting the Thracian horseman was discovered on Thursday in the ancient city of Heraclea Sintica.

The Thracian horseman, also known as the Thracian rider, is a recurring motif depicted in reliefs of the Hellenistic and Roman periods in the Balkans, mainly between the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD.

"This is the first time we're discovering such a well-made votive tablet," Assoc. Prof. Lyudmil Vagalinski, who is leading the excavations in the ancient city, said.
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Blue Planet

European Neolithic family trees provide unprecedented insights into community behavior

Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Science Daily
Thu, 27 Jul 2023 14:51 UTC
neolithic

The Neolithic burial site of Gurgy 'les Noisats' in France revealed two unprecedentedly large family trees which allowed a Franco-German team to explore the social organization of the 6,700-year-old community. Based on multiple lines of evidence, the team describes a close kin group which practiced monogamy and female exogamy, and experienced generally stable times.
The Neolithic burial site of Gurgy 'les Noisats' in France revealed two unprecedentedly large family trees which allowed a Franco-German team to explore the social organization of the 6,700-year-old community. Based on multiple lines of evidence, the team describes a close kin group which practiced monogamy and female exogamy, and experienced generally stable times.

The Neolithic lifestyle, based on farming instead of hunting and gathering, emerged in the Near East around 12,000 years ago and contributed profoundly to the modern way of life. The ability to produce and store extra food led Neolithic people to develop new social customs built on wealth, and therefore form social hierarchies. After an early phase of diffusion and having reached regions in western Europe, settled societies became more complex, which is sometimes reflected in the funerary world as well. The Paris Basin region in northern modern-day France is known for its monumental funerary sites, understood as being built for the society's "elite." In this context, the site of Gurgy 'Les Noisats', one of the biggest Neolithic funerary sites without monument in the region, begs the question who these people buried with different practices were.
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Archaeology

Mystery of 2,000-year-old warrior's grave on the Isles of Scilly finally solved

Lauren Haughey
The Daily Mail
Thu, 27 Jul 2023 14:54 UTC
Iran age grave mirror sword woman
© The Historic England Archives
or years, the mirror and sword have puzzled experts, as in other burials of the same period, swords are normally found with males and mirrors with females
Now researchers at Historic England believe the grave belonged to a woman

The long-running mystery of a prehistoric grave has finally been solved after years of scientific debate.

New research led by Historic England has unveiled that a 2,000-year-old Iron Age burial site on the Isles of Scilly actually belonged to a warrior woman.

Since its discovery in 1999, archaeologists have mulled back-and-forth over the sex of the individual that possessed both a mirror and a sword.
But new evidence suggests this woman may have been a leading figure - perhaps among many other 'hidden' female warriors during the Iron Age.

'Our findings offer an exciting opportunity to re-interpret this important burial,' said Sarah Stark, a human skeletal biologist at Historic England.

Comment:

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Better Earth

Medieval Poland was hit by extreme floods 166 times, study finds


Medievalists
Wed, 26 Jul 2023 20:11 UTC
Medieval flood
© British Library G70076-48
"In many places in Poland a great flood, caused by incessant rain in August, has drowned the crops, herds and draught animals." - the year 1368 in the Annals of Jan Dlugosz
Polish researchers examining medieval sources have discovered that the country was hit by flooding 166 times between the 11th and 15th centuries, revealing details on the causes of these disasters.

Their study, published in the Journal of Hydrology, examined flooding within modern-day Poland's borders, focusing on the Oder and Vistula rivers and their basins. They looked for mentions of floods in 164 different sources, including chronicles, administrative records and even private letters. One example would come from the Annals of Jan Dlugosz, who recorded for the year 1475:
Rivers are everywhere low, except in Cracow, where days and nights of rain have caused unprecedented flooding of the Vistula on July 24 and the following three days, when the water rises to the level of the altars in the churches of St. Bernard and St Agnes. The great bridge joining Kazimierz and Cracow is swept away, and the orchards are all destroyed, yet food remains cheap all the rest of the year.



Comment: The above sounds like a report of the Earth Changes seen in the last decade.


Comment: Notably increased flooding has been shown to correlate with global cooling - amongst a variety of other phenomena - and, indeed, the same seems to be occurring in our own time: See also:

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Info

Rare clay figurine found in Lazio dating back 7000 years

Leman Altuntaş
Arkeonews Net
Wed, 26 Jul 2023 19:17 UTC
Clay Figurine
© Sapienza University of Rome
Archaeologists from Sapienza University of Rome discovered a figure with female features in the Battifratta cave, near Poggio Nativo in the Sabina area, Lazio.

That is a clay figurine dating from around 7000 years ago, from the Neolithic period, when the peninsula's first farming communities existed.

A press release from the Sapienza University in Rome says objects of this kind are "very rare in Italy." Furthermore, the release said such artifacts are "almost absent" in the archaeological record of the Tyrrhenian slope.

The Battifratta Cave is located in the municipal territory of Poggio Nativo, in the Casali locality, on the left side of the valley of the Riano River, a minor tributary of the Farfa. The Battifrata cave is distinguished for its maze-like configurations and layouts, graced with stalagmites and stalactites with a transient spring at the entrance of it.
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Blue Planet

Greenland may have been green and ice-free 416,000 years ago

Niamh Lynch
Sky News
Thu, 20 Jul 2023 23:26 UTC
Greenland

Greenland
The study, published in the journal Science, has raised concerns Greenland's ice sheets may not be as stable as previously thought and provides information on how the region's landscape may react to climate change.


Comment: Evidently the climate has been changing from hot to cold, and back again, regardless of human CO2 emissions.


Greenland may have been green and ice-free as recently as 416,000 years ago, new research has found.

The study, published in the journal Science, has raised concerns Greenland's ice sheets may not be as stable as previously thought and provides information on how the region's landscape may react to climate change.

Researchers analysed sediment extracted from an ice core collected in the region, which showed evidence of leaves and moss from that period.

Comment: Greenland, as its name suggests, may have been ice-free - or at least sufficiently hospitable for pastoralism and agriculture - as little as a millennia ago:


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Target

Where did this 'New World Order' coup come from? The Rockefeller's 'social engineering project'

Jens Jerndal
Global Research
Wed, 19 Jul 2023 00:00 UTC
NWOrder
© Shutterstock/Global Research
Just one letter away...
The "New World Order" (NWO) is a social engineering project aimed at reshaping human civilization on Planet Earth in its every aspect, to suit the selfish interests of a small group of billionaires obsessed by greed for power and profit. But also - and no less so - obsessed by their fear of violent hungry and deprived masses ransacking and destroying their properties. And eager to display how superior they are to 99.99 % of their fellow humans - and their ability to beat both Nature, the Universe, and Divine Consciousness at the eternal game of Creation.

The NWO idea grew out of John D. Rockefeller's business idea, hatched already around 1900, to take on health care and make a global monopoly of medical science. Just as he had already created a virtual global monopoly of the petroleum business.

Rockefeller's brilliant but sneaky self-serving initiative took the guise of a non-profit institution in order to escape taxes and at the same time gain respect, if not popularity, instead of the anger and hate his ruthless business methods had earned him until then.

And what better way of taking control of medical research, education and practice? All under the guise of generously donating fortunes for the benefit of the masses - and of Science while tailoring it all to his own strictly-for- profit business model. Which has resulted in Big Pharma's secret mantra "Every cured patient is a lost customer" [while] becoming a fundamental principle of modern Western school medicine. It does not offer any cures, only life-long treatments by patented and high priced, synthetic pharmaceutical drugs and surgery with a long list of potentially fatal side effects that need additional drugs.

Comment: Connecting the dots...how moving parts lock together for a future few of us want.

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Briefcase

Declassified Richard Nixon letter to President Clinton proves prophetic on Russia

Chris Pandolfo
Fox News
Sat, 22 Jul 2023 18:47 UTC
richard nixon bill clinton
© Bob NcNeely/ White House Photograph Office
President Bill Clinton meets with former President Richard Nixon in the residence of the White House on March 8, 1993.
A month before he died in April 1994, former President Richard Nixon wrote a letter to then-President Bill Clinton offering what Clinton later called "wise counsel, especially with regard to Russia." The contents of that letter have now been declassified by the Clinton presidential library and appear prophetic.

In the seven-page letter, dated March 21, 1994, and discussed by history professor Luke Nichter in the Wall Street Journal, Nixon gave a blunt assessment of the political situation in Russia, predicting accurately that relations between Moscow and Kyiv would deteriorate and that someone like Putin could come to power. Nixon, 81 at the time, wrote the letter after he returned from a two-week trip to Russia and Ukraine.

While the former president is infamous for departing the White House amid scandal in 1974, his legacy includes being the architect of détente with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. In 1972, Nixon became the first U.S. president to visit Moscow, where he signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty and the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty with Soviet General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev. Nixon spent the years following his presidency taking foreign trips on behalf of the United States and offering counsel based on decades of experience to guide U.S. policy in the post-Cold War era.

Comment: Whatever his failings, Nixon was a skilled foreign policy player. It would have been very interesting to see his take on Putin and Russia today. Considering that:
Nixon considered the survival of political and economic freedom in Russia "the most important foreign policy issue the nation will face for the balance of this century."
how could he not approve Putin's leadership?

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Ornament - Blue

3rd century BC glass workshop is earliest ever discovered north of the Alps


Phys.org
Fri, 21 Jul 2023 17:05 UTC
glass ancient
© Antiquity (2023). DOI: 10.15184/aqy.2023.80
After 20 years of above-ground surveys, archaeologists have excavated the famous Iron Age site of Němčice and confirmed the presence of the earliest glass workshop north of the Alps.

Němčice is one of the most important settlement sites of the La Tène Period (3rd-2nd century BC) in Central Europe, famous for its unprecedented amount of gold and silver coins which number over 2,000.

Numerous beautiful glass bracelets and beads have also been found at the site. As such, it was thought that Němčice was a center of glass production, but only these excavations have confirmed this fact.

"No one yet knows how exactly the Celts made glass bracelets," said author of the research, Dr. Ivan Čižmář from the Institute of Archaeological Heritage Brno.

Comment: It's interesting that researchers still don't know how Celts made these glass objects, and that no tool evidence has yet been found, despite them finding the pieces in various stages of completion.

See also:

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