
Participants of memorial events in Beslan on September 1. On September 1, 2004
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ruled that Russia failed to minimize the casualties among hostages during the September 2004 crisis, when a group of some three dozen terrorists armed with firearms and explosives seized a school full of students in the city of Beslan.
The majority of judges agreed that Russia's security forces "had contributed, to some extent, to the casualties among the hostages" by using heavy weapons when the three-day stand-off abruptly escalated into a bloody battle.
Two judges disagreed with the majority opinion, saying that the use of force during the Beslan siege was "absolutely necessary, and it was applied as a last resort in exceptional circumstances in order to remove the actual threat."













