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Before one can understand the nature of partisan or party politics, a correct comprehension of
The Choice of Ideology is essential.
"Contemporary Political Ideologies is a text book that has been around for a long time.
Many of the usual suspects are covered:
Capitalism, Socialism, Democracy, Conservatism, Liberalism, Nationalism, Marxism, Fascism, Anarchism, Libertarianism, Feminism and Environmentalism.
Since written, additional offshoots have come to include: Neoconservatism, the Paleo versions of Conservatism and Libertarianism and what we will call "Inherit Populism".
These broad based viewpoints have distinctions, sometimes subtle, often dramatic. The reason why partisan politics is a blood sport is that it is waged to achieve a false party line.
Comment: For more information on the cognitive differences between liberals and conservatives read:
"Out of sight, out of mind" mentality and cognitive bias of the authoritarian personality: Liberals and conservatives perceive the world in different ways
US: Brain Structure Differs in Liberals, Conservatives: Study
Your Brain on Politics: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Liberals and Conservatives