© ABC Net Australia
Vulnerable
spadefoot tadpoles eat their smaller competitors to speed towards toadhood as quickly as possible.
Gulls and
pelicans are among bird species that eat hatchlings for food or to prevent the spread of disease. In insect species such as the
praying mantis or the
Australian redback spider, males offer their bodies as a final gift to females after mating.
It's more common than you'd think in mammals too. Many
rodent mothers may eat some of their young if they're sick, dead, or too numerous to feed.
Bears and
lions kill and eat the offspring of adult females to make them more receptive to mating. Chimpanzees
sometimes cannibalise unlucky rivals, usually infants, seemingly for the mere opportunity of some extra protein.
For humans though, cannibalism is the ultimate taboo. In fact, our aversion to cannibalism is so strong that consent and ethics count for little.In one of our own
experiments, participants were asked to consider the hypothetical case of a man who gave permission to his friend to eat parts of him once he died of natural causes.
Participants read that this occurred in a culture that permitted the act, that the act was meant to honour the deceased, and that the flesh was cooked so that there was no chance of disease. Despite this careful description, about half of the participants still insisted that the act was invariably wrong.
Even in the starkest of situations, the act of eating another human's flesh remains almost beyond contemplation. Survivors of the famous 1972
Andes plane crash waited until near starvation before succumbing to reason and eating those who had already died.
One survivor, Roberto Canessa,
felt that to eat his fellow passengers would be "stealing their souls" and descending towards "ultimate indignity" - despite recalling that in the aftermath of the crash, he like many others had declared that he would be glad for his body to aid the communal survival mission.
Comment: See also: