The nefarious brilliance of the surveillance state rests, at least in part, in the fact that it conveys omniscience without the necessity of omnipresence. Since even its verifiable actions are clandestine and shadowy, revealed not through admission but by whistleblowers such as Chelsea Manning, Edward Snowden and Jeremy Hammond, its gaze can feel utterly infinite. To modify an old phrase, just because you're paranoid doesn't mean they're not watching you—especially given that you now have proof. But if you never know precisely when they're watching or exactly what they're looking for, can you ever be paranoid enough?
This is, to some degree, the concern of many Americans, according to a
new study from Oxford University.
The Washington Post reports researcher Jonathon Penney found that Snowden's leaks about government surveillance had a "chilling effect" on American adults' internet habits. Penney looked at Wikipedia searches conducted after June 2013, when news of NSA spying programs so thoroughly dominated headlines that
87 percent of Americans became aware of them. In the wake of the story, he found "a 20 percent decline in page views on Wikipedia articles related to terrorism, including those that mentioned 'al-Qaeda,' 'car bomb' or 'Taliban.'" The traffic for those pages dropped precipitously after the Snowden files came to light, and continued to slide over the next year, suggesting a "longer-term impact from the revelations."
"This is measuring regular people who are being spooked by the idea of government surveillance online," Penney told the Post. "You want to have informed citizens. If people are spooked or deterred from learning about important policy matters like terrorism and national security, this is a real threat to proper democratic debate."
Comment: Further reading: Mission Accomplished? Snowden 'NSA Leak' had 'chilling effect' that scared people away from learning truth about terrorism