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Fed Chair Jerome Powell
On Sunday afternoon,
September 14, 2008, hundreds of employees of the financial giant
Lehman Brothers walked into the bank's headquarters at 745 Seventh Avenue in New York City to clear out their offices and desks.
Lehman was hours away from declaring bankruptcy. And its collapse the next day triggered the worst economic and financial devastation since the Great Depression. The S&P 500 fell by roughly 50%. Unemployment soared. And more than 100 other banks failed over the subsequent 12 months. It was a total disaster.
These banks, it turned out, had been using their depositors' money to buy up
special mortgage bonds. But these bonds were so risky that they eventually became known as "toxic securities" or "toxic assets".
These toxic assets were bundles of risky, no-money-down mortgages given to sub-prime
"NINJAs", i.e. borrowers with
No Income, No Job, no Assets who had a history of NOT paying their bills.
When the economy was doing well in 2006 and 2007, banks earned record profits from their toxic assets. But when economic conditions started to worsen in 2008, those toxic assets plunged in value... and dozens of banks got wiped out.
Now here we go again.
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