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Fri, 05 Nov 2021
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Brain

Targeted Neuroplasticity Training program - DARPA wants to hack your brain to make you learn faster

the matrix
© Warner Brothers
If the brain is just a bunch of wires and circuits, it stands to reason that those components can simply be re-wired in order to create a better, smarter us. At least, that's the theory behind a new project from the military's secretive DARPA research branch announced on Wednesday, which aims to enhance human cognitive ability by activating what's known as "synaptic plasticity."

Recent research has suggested that stimulating certain peripheral nerves—those that relay signals between the brain, the spinal cord and the rest of the body—can enhance a person's ability to learn, by triggering the release of neurochemicals that reorganize connections in the brain. Through its new Targeted Neuroplasticity Training program, DARPA is is funding eight different research efforts that seek to enhance learning by targeting those nerves with electrical stimulation. The end goal is to translate those findings into real-world applications that boost military training regimens—allowing a soldier, to say, soak up a new language in months instead of years. Should DARPA figure out a way to do that, its efforts will likely go on to impact all of us.

Sheeple

Dr. Gary G. Kohls: Propaganda and the war on science

propaganda
© The Daily Omnivore
Propaganda: "a message designed to persuade its intended audience to think and behave in a certain manner. Thus advertising is commercial propaganda. Or institutionalized and systematic spreading of information and/or disinformation, usually to promote a narrow political or religious (or commercial) viewpoint."

Mercenary: "a person primary concerned with making money at the expense of ethics."
"The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country. We are governed, our minds are molded, our tastes formed, and our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of...It is they who pull the wires that control the public mind." — Edward L. Bernays, the Father of Propaganda in America and Sigmund Freud's nephew, from his seminal book Propaganda (1928).
"Entire populations, which were undisciplined or lacking in intellectual or definite moral principles, were vulnerable to unconscious influence and thus susceptible to wanting things that they do not need. This is achieved by manipulating desires on an unconscious level." - Edward Bernays, From the Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (March 1947)

Network

Researchers' first map of the 'dark web' shows an incredibly antisocial corner of the internet

dark web
© DragonImages/iStock
The dark web is not much of a web at all.
Most of the world wide web is invisible. Beyond the "surface web"—the parts accessible to search engines—there is a "deep web" containing (by one estimate) 500 times the content, secured in databases and hidden behind login screens. And within this deep web is a tiny corner known as the "dark web," which requires special, anonymizing software such as the Tor Browser to access and contains everything from black markets selling drugs and counterfeit IDs to whistleblowing forums.

Binoculars

Satellite helps confirm unprecedented rise in noctilucent clouds, caused by meteor dust

Noctilucent clouds seen over Vantaa in Finland in 2009.
© Mika-Pekka Markkanen
Noctilucent clouds seen over Vantaa in Finland in 2009
Tuesday marked the 10-year mission mark of a NASA satellite, named AIM for Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere, whose purpose was to study noctilucent clouds and the data has proven invaluable.

Noctilucent clouds, also known as "night-shining" clouds, form on the edge of space about 50 miles high off the surface. They're made of ice crystals, which reflect sunlight to give off the clouds' signature blueish glow, according to NASA.

They're mainly seen in the summer just after sunset and before sunrise. Greg Johnson with SkunkbayWeather.com caught a display over Hansville, Wash. last summer with his nighttime time lapse video camera:


The clouds are usually spotted about 30-60 minutes after sunset when the sun is between 6 and 16 degrees below the horizon, according to SpaceWeather.com. That's because the clouds are so high they can still "see" the sun from that altitude but it's dark enough on the surface to spot their cool, blue glow. Typically these clouds are brightest in late June and July.

Scientists had thought the clouds were actually the result of "meteor smoke" and it turns out, the satellite data confirmed they're on the right track.

Network

'Curating' the news: Tech firms training AI software to block social media violence

Tech companies training AI spot violent videos
© Reuters / Edgar Su
Graymatics employees pretend to fight as they record footage to be used to 'train' their software to watch and filter internet videos for violence, at their office in Singapore April 27, 2017
Companies from Singapore to Finland are racing to improve artificial intelligence so software can automatically spot and block videos of grisly murders and mayhem before they go viral on social media.

None, so far, claim to have cracked the problem completely.

A Thai man who broadcast himself killing his 11-month-old daughter in a live video on Facebook this week, was the latest in a string of violent crimes shown live on the social media company. The incidents have prompted questions about how Facebook's reporting system works and how violent content can be flagged faster.

A dozen or more companies are wrestling with the problem, those in the industry say. Google - which faces similar problems with its YouTube service - and Facebook are working on their own solutions.

Most are focusing on deep learning: a type of artificial intelligence that makes use of computerized neural networks. It is an approach that David Lissmyr, founder of Paris-based image and video analysis company Sightengine, says goes back to efforts in the 1950s to mimic the way neurons work and interact in the brain.


Robot

Artificial intelligence to take over half of all jobs in next decade, says China's top techie

Pepper the robot
© Francois Lenoir / Reuters
New recruit "Pepper" the robot, a humanoid robot designed to welcome and take care of visitors and patients, Ostend, Belgium, 2016
Robots and artificial intelligence (AI) will replace humans in 50 percent of all jobs in just ten years, says Kai-Fu Lee, founder of venture capital firm Sinovation Ventures and a reputable Chinese technologist.

Comment: Automation, economic collapse, basic income slavery: Our dystopic future?


Heart - Black

Female dragonflies fake being dead to avoid male advances

Dragonflies
© Janet Ridley/Alamy Stock Photo
Playing dead is a favored ploy.
Female dragonflies use an extreme tactic to get rid of unwanted suitors: they drop out the sky and then pretend to be dead.

Rassim Khelifa from the University of Zurich, Switzerland, witnessed the behavior for the first time in the moorland hawker dragonfly (Aeshna juncea). While collecting their larvae in the Swiss Alps, he watched a female crash-dive to the ground while being pursued by a male.

The female then lay motionless on her back. Her suitor soon flew away, and the female took off once the coast was clear.

"I was surprised," says Khelifa, who had never previously seen this in 10 years of studying dragonflies.

Archaeology

No bones? No problem: DNA left in cave soils can reveal ancient human occupants

Human DNA
© Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Matthias Meyer, shown working in a clean room, helped find a way to fish out human DNA from ancient soils.

Fifty thousand years ago, a Neandertal relieved himself in a cave in present-day Belgium, depositing, among other things, a sample of his DNA. The urine clung to minerals in the soil and the feces eventually decomposed. But traces of the DNA remained, embedded in the cave floor, where earth falling from the cave's ceiling and blowing in from outside eventually entombed it. Now, researchers have shown they can find and identify such genetic traces of both Neandertals and Denisovans, another type of archaic human, enabling them to test for the presence of ancient humans even in sites where no bones have been found.

"It's a great breakthrough," says Chris Stringer, an anthropologist at the Natural History Museum in London. "Anyone who's digging cave sites from the Pleistocene now should put [screening sediments for human DNA] on their list of things that they must do." Adds Svante Pääbo, the head of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, where the work was done: "I think this will become a standard tool in archaeology, maybe even like radiocarbon dating."

Robot

Future of beach warfare: US Marines test 'HyperSub,' machine-gun toting robots and more

US military robot
© AiirSource Military / YouTube
Around 50 advanced weapons are being tested by the US Marine Corps, from a speedboat-submarine to smart robots able to carry 600lbs. The new technology could revolutionize amphibious armed conflict.

Testing has been ongoing for the past two weeks at Camp Pendleton in California, as part of the Ship-to-Shore Maneuver Exploration and Experimentation Advanced Naval Technology Exercise 2017, Fox News reported Thursday.

From quadcopter drones to surf and sand-ready weaponized autonomous vehicles, the US Navy and Marines are seeking to avoid detection, conduct surveillance, free up manpower and ultimately lessen the risks that come with storming beaches. They are expected to narrow down what's needed most from roughly 50 machines being tried out.

Telescope

Amazing Earth-sized planet dubbed the 'iceball' discovered by NASA with 'microlensing'

OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb, a planet discovered through a technique called microlensing
© NASA
OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb, a planet discovered through a technique called microlensing.
NASA has discovered a planet the same size as Earth, and the same distance from its star as our planet is from the sun.

Due to its small size, the host star does not produce enough heat to support life on the planet. This has prompted scientists to label the world - nominally called OGLE-2016-BLG-1195Lb - the 'iceball' planet.

An international team of researchers found the planet using a technique known as 'microlensing,' which uses background stars as flashlights that mark out planets as dark dots when they cross the field of light.

"This iceball planet is the lowest-mass planet ever found through microlensing," said Yossi Shvartzvald, a NASA postdoctoral fellow based at the space agency's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.