Science & TechnologyS

Radar

Huge Waves Detected in Atmosphere

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© NASAGravity Waves
There are a variety of atmospheric waves, but many require radar
to detect them. This NASA satellite image however shows more
obvious gravity waves peaked with clouds off the coast
Researchers have detected giant, fast-moving waves of air, caused by thunderstorms and other disturbances, above Poker Flat, Alaska, where a new radar is churning out the first three-dimensional images of upper atmospheric phenomena in the polar region.

"People have been envisioning doing this project for 40 years," said Eric Donovan, an associate professor of physics and astronomy at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada. "There's just a lot going on in this region that we don't understand."

Gear

One in seven scientists say colleagues fake data

Faking scientific data and failing to report commercial conflicts of interest are far more prevalent than previously thought, a study suggests.

One in seven scientists says that they are aware of colleagues having seriously breached acceptable conduct by inventing results. And around 46 per cent say that they have observed fellow scientists engage in "questionable practices", such as presenting data selectively or changing the conclusions of a study in response to pressure from a funding source.

However, when scientists were asked about their own behaviour only 2 per cent admitted to having faked results.

Einstein

How to unleash your brain's inner genius

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© South West News Service / Rex FeaturesAutistic musician Derek Paravicini performs his first professional concert at St Georges Hall, Bristol, UK
Clad in a dark suit and sunglasses, Derek Paravicini makes a beeline for the sound of my voice and links his arm into mine. "Hello, Celeste. Where have you come from today?" I reply and his response is immediate: "From Holborn?" He repeats the word several times, savouring each syllable. "Hol-born, Hol-born, Hooool-bbooorn. Where's Hoollll-booorn?" As our conversation continues, the substance of much of what I say doesn't seem to sink in, but the sounds themselves certainly do, with Paravicini lingering over and repeating particularly delightful syllables. "Meewww-zick. The pi-aan-o."

Such touching and immediate friendliness is not quite what I expected from my first meeting with the 29-year-old, blind musical savant, but his obsession with reproducing sounds certainly makes sense, given his talent. Paravicini can play just about any piece of music you request, entirely from memory, with formidable technical ability, despite having severe learning difficulties that mean he needs constant support in everyday life. And as I find out an hour later, he constantly improvises the pieces he has learned by ear, rather than simply copying as you might expect.

Evil Rays

Radio-controlled bullets leave no place to hide

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© Jon Mills/Rex FeaturesSoldiers could soon have a new weapon against a hidden enemy.
A rifle capable of firing explosive bullets that can detonate within a metre of a target could let soldiers fire on snipers hiding in trenches, behind walls or inside buildings.

The US army has developed the XM25 rifle to give its troops an alternative to calling in artillery fire or air strikes when an enemy has taken cover and can't be targeted by direct fire. "This is the first leap-ahead technology for troops that we've been able to develop and deploy," says Douglas Tamilio, the army's project manager for new weapons for soldiers. "This gives them another tool in their kitbag."

The rifle's gunsight uses a laser rangefinder to calculate the exact distance to the obstruction. The soldier can then add or subtract up to 3 metres from that distance to enable the bullets to clear the barrier and explode above or beside the target.

Ambulance

Machine Keeps Animal Hearts Beating for Research

Testing new cardiac techniques and devices on live animals requires proper oversight, regulation, and considerable expense. To overcome this, researchers at North Carolina State University developed a machine, specifically intended for study of mitral valve repair, that can pump a pig's heart straight from the slaughterhouse.

Meteor

Mars/Jupiter: Two new Asteroids spotted

Asteroid 951 Gaspra
© NASAThe asteroid 951 Gaspra, the first ever imaged by a spacecraft, taken by Galileo as it passed by it in 1991; the colors are exaggerated.
Swiss astronomer Jose De Queiroz on Wednesday announced the discovery of two new asteroids between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

According to the Mirasteilas Observatory, De Queiroz has located two new asteroids with a diameter of between 1 kilometer and 2 kilometers.

According to the Associated Press, the discovery of 2009FM1 and 2009FA1 was confirmed by the Minor Planet Center of the International Astronomical Union in Cambridge, Massachusetts in March.

Telescope

Spirit Takes a Peek at Her Belly

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© NASA/JPL/USGS This panorama of images from the Spirit rover, taken on Sol 1925 (June 2, 2009), is helping engineers assess the rover's current state and plan her extraction from the soft soil in the region now called "Troy." The images were taken by Spirit's microscopic imager instrument, mounted on the end of her robotic arm.
A new image of Spirit's underbelly is helping engineers assess the rover's current state and plan her escape from soft soil.

Telescope

Why You Missed the Supernova in M82

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© Milde Science Communication / NASA / ESA / Hubble Heritage Team / STScI / AURA / A. Brunthaler / MPIfRThe galaxy M82 as seen in visible light at left, with glowing hydrogen gas displayed in red.
Researchers have unexpectedly found radio emission from a supernova that went unnoticed when it exploded more than a year ago in the galaxy M82 in Ursa Major. Its visible light was apparently blocked by dense dust in the galaxy's central region. By following the radio emission created as the shock wave continues to expand, researchers hope to learn about the star's last few thousand years before it blew.

Telescope

New Eclipsing Binary: It's Spica!

One of the true pleasures in science comes when a new and surprising fact is uncovered about something thought to be utterly familiar. Such is the case this week with the revelation that Spica, one of the best-known stars in the night sky, is an eclipsing binary. Every 4.0145 days one of the two separate stars that makes up this system crosses in front of the other, blocking a portion of its light.

How could astronomers have missed this fact? It's no scandal. Spica's eclipses are the merest grazes. Each time it happens the total light output of the system dips by less than one hundredth of a visual magnitude. Nevertheless, these events are of interest to science because they offer a greatly improved understanding of the two star's sizes and shapes and the complex physics at work in a nearby and rather special star system. Astronomers have known since 1890 that Spica was a spectroscopic binary, but now we have a better handle on it.

Sun

UF study finds that ancient mammals shifted diets as climate changed

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Gainesville, Fla. --- A new University of Florida study shows mammals change their dietary niches based on climate-driven environmental changes, contradicting a common assumption that species maintain their niches despite global warming.

Led by Florida Museum of Natural History vertebrate paleontologist Larisa DeSantis, researchers examined fossil teeth from mammals at two sites representing different climates in Florida: a glacial period about 1.9 million years ago and a warmer, interglacial period about 1.3 million years ago. The researchers found that interglacial warming resulted in dramatic changes to the diets of animal groups at both sites. The study appears in the June 3 issue of the open-access, peer-reviewed journal PLoS ONE.