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Prehistoric poop reveals Neanderthals ate plants

Fossil Poop
© PLOS ONE
Archaeologists found poop in sediments excavated from El Salt, shown here, a site where Neanderthals lived in Spain.
Don't call them brutes. Neanderthals ate their veggies.

Traces of 50,000-year-old poop found at a caveman campground in Spain suggest that modern humans' prehistoric cousins may have had a healthy dose of plants in their diet, researchers say.

The findings, published today (June 25) in the journal PLOS ONE, are based on chemicals lingering in bits of fossilized feces - perhaps the oldest human poop known to science.

Chalkboard

New device allows brain to bypass spinal cord, move paralyzed limbs

Image
© Wexner Medical Center
A man in Ohio has become the first patient ever to move his paralyzed hand by using his thoughts.
For the first time ever, a paralyzed man can move his fingers and hand with his own thoughts thanks to an innovative partnership between The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Battelle.

Ian Burkhart, a 23-year-old quadriplegic from Dublin, Ohio, is the first patient to use Neurobridge, an electronic neural bypass for spinal cord injuries that reconnects the brain directly to muscles, allowing voluntary and functional control of a paralyzed limb. Burkhart is the first of a potential five participants in a clinical study.

"It's much like a heart bypass, but instead of bypassing blood, we're actually bypassing electrical signals," said Chad Bouton, research leader at Battelle. "We're taking those signals from the brain, going around the injury, and actually going directly to the muscles."

The Neurobridge technology combines algorithms that learn and decode the user's brain activity and a high-definition muscle stimulation sleeve that translates neural impulses from the brain and transmits new signals to the paralyzed limb. In this case, Ian's brain signals bypass his injured spinal cord and move his hand, hence the name Neurobridge.

Burkhart, who was paralyzed four years ago during a diving accident, viewed the opportunity to participate in the six-month, FDA-approved clinical trial at Ohio State's Wexner Medical Center as a chance to help others with spinal cord injuries.

Question

Mysterious signal detected ​240 million light years away in the Perseus Cluster


Astronomers have detected a mysterious signal 240 million light years away from Earth.The unidentified signal is a 'spike of intensity at a very specific wavelength of x-ray light', but scientists don't yet know what the origin is.Picked up in the Perseus Cluster, one of the biggest objects in the universe, the discovery is said to be the best evidence of dark matter yet.

Astronomers believe dark matter constitutes 85 per cent of the matter in the universe, but doesn't emit or absorb light like normal matter such as protons or electrons, which are known to make up the familiar elements seen in planets, stars, and galaxies.Researchers suggest intensity coming from the Perseus Cluster could be a signature from the decay of a 'sterile neutrino' - which are a hypothetical type of neutrino thought to interact with normal matter via gravity.

But while holding exciting potential, the results must be confirmed with additional data to rule out other explanations and to see whether it is plausible that dark matter has been observed.

Magnify

120 million-year-old dinosaur skeleton discovered in Siberia

dinosaur skeleton
© en.wikipedia.org
Psittacosaurus sibiricus
A well-preserved dinosaur's skeleton, presumably between 100 and 120 million years old, has been dug up in Russia's Kemerovo Region in Western Siberia. Paleontologists believe they have found Psittacosaurus sibiricus.

Discovered at a depth of some 2.5 meters below the surface, the fossil has been brought to the surface with a huge chunk of soil as a monolith piece weighting about 500kg. The work to extract the skeleton may take months. The finding is a huge success for a group of Russian paleontologists, who started the expedition in the extensively-excavated area around the village of Shestakovo on May 24.

While the area is known for paleontological discoveries, it is the first time such a well-preserved fossil has been found.

Psittacosaurus
© www.pinterest.com
Psittacosaurus sibiricus, dubbed "the parrot dinosaur"
"Dinosaur skeletons can be found quite often in particular parts of the world - for example in China, or Mongolia. But for Siberia this is a unique discovery," Aleksey Lopatin from the Paleontological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, told the Vechernyaya Moskva newspaper. "Only a few Psittacosaurus skeletons have been found before. It is quite possible that for this place this is not a new species of this dinosaur. Back in those times Siberia had its own kind of Psittacosaurus, different than in China or Mongolia."

Cell Phone

Researchers discover how governments can take complete control of smartphones

Image
© securelist.com
Map showing the countries of the current HackingTeam servers’ locations

Two new reports have discovered how "legal malware" from Hacking Team can be used to gain complete control of mobile devices. The Italian company is suspected of offering its services to dozens of governments.

Operating since 2001, the Milan-based company - which employs over 50 people - promises to "take control of your targets and monitor them regardless of encryption and mobility," while "keeping an eye on all your targets and manage them remotely, all from a single screen."

Previous research showed that these claims were true for desktop computers, but according to data obtained separately by Russian security firm Kaspersky Lab and University of Toronto's Citizen Lab (which also obtained a user manual), Hacking Team is just as adept at penetrating mobile phones with a tool known as Remote Control Systems (RCS).

Pi

Back to the drawing board: Higgs boson teaches that Universe should have ceased to exist

CERN
© Reuters / Denis Balibouse

A technician stands near equipment of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experience at the Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in the French village of Cessy near Geneva in Switzerland.
A refitted Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is being readied to delve deeper into the secrets of the Universe's structure, a new British scientists' model considering Higgs boson data claims the Universe should have collapsed immediately after the Big Bang.

Confirmation of the Higgs boson's existence in July 2012 did not actually add clarity to the general picture of our Universe after all. The information acquired raised new, even more complex, questions.

Physicists at King's College in London claim they have recreated the conditions following the Big Bang, but this time using the new information acquired with the help of the LHC. British scientists maintain now that the new data related to the so-called 'God particle' suggests the universe should have expanded excessively fast after the Big Bang and collapsed billions of years ago.

"During the early universe, we expected cosmic inflation - this is a rapid expansion of the universe right after the Big Bang," co-author of the King's College study Robert Hogan, a Ph.D. student in physics, told Live Science. "This expansion causes lots of stuff to shake around, and if we shake it too much, we could go into this new energy space, which could cause the universe to collapse."

Comment: Scientists are a stubborn bunch, no? No matter how much evidence directly contradicts their theories, they stick to 'em.


Moon

Titan may be older than Saturn, a new study suggests

Titan
© NASA / JPL-Caltech / Space Science Institute
Titan’s atmosphere makes Saturn’s largest moon look like a fuzzy orange ball.
It's well accepted that moons form after planets. In fact, only a few months ago, astronomers spotted a new moon forming deep within Saturn's rings, 4.5 billion years after the planet initially formed.

But new research suggests Saturn's icy moon Titan - famous for its rivers and lakes of liquid methane - may have formed before its parent planet, contradicting the theory that Titan formed within the warm disk surrounding an infant Saturn.

A combined NASA and ESA-funded study has found firm evidence that the nitrogen in Titan's atmosphere originated in conditions similar to the cold birthplace of the most ancient comets from the Oort cloud - a spherical shell of icy particles that enshrouds the Solar System.

The hint comes in the form of a ratio. All elements have a certain number of known isotopes - variants of that element with the same number of protons that differ in their number of neutrons. The ratio of one isotope to another isotope is a crucial diagnostic tool.

In planetary atmospheres and surface materials, the amount of one isotope relative to another isotope is closely tied to the conditions under which materials form. Any change in the ratio will allow scientists to deduce an age for that material.

Kathleen Mandt from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio and colleagues analyzed the ratio of nitrogen-14 (seven protons and seven neutrons) to nitrogen-15 (seven protons and eight neutrons) in Titan's atmosphere.

Robot

Japan unveils 'world's first' android newscaster

Kodomoroid
© Breitbart
Japanese scientists on Tuesday unveiled what they said was the world's first news-reading android, eerily lifelike and possessing a sense of humour to match her perfect language skills.

The adolescent-looking "Kodomoroid" -- an amalgamation of the Japanese word kodomo (child) and "android" -- delivered news of an earthquake and an FBI raid to amazed reporters in Tokyo.

She even poked fun at her creator, telling leading robotics professor Hiroshi Ishiguro: "You're starting to look like a robot!"

The pitch-perfect Kodomoroid was flanked by a grown-up fellow robot, who caught stage fright and fluffed her lines when asked to introduce herself.

"Otonaroid" -- otona meaning adult -- excused herself after a quick reboot, saying: "I'm a little bit nervous."

Info

Wolves and dogs speak with their eyes

Wolf
© Doug Smith, National Park Service
A wolf rests in the snow at Yellowstone National Park.
Wolves and dogs can communicate using their eyes alone, suggests a new study in the journal PLoS ONE.

The color of the face around the eye, the eye's shape and the color and shape of both the iris and the pupil are all part of the elaborate eye-based communication system, according to the research, which could apply to humans as well.

Sayoko Ueda of the Tokyo Institute of Technology and Kyoto University led the study, which compared these characteristics of the face and eyes among 25 different types of canines.

The researchers identified three basic patterns:

A-type: Both pupil position in the eye outline and eye position in the face are clear.

B-type: Only the eye position is clear.

C-type: Both the pupil and eye position are unclear.

"A-type faces tended to be observed in species living in family groups all year-round, whereas B-type faces tended to be seen in solo/pair-living species," Ueda and colleagues wrote.

Wolves and dogs exemplify the A-type. Humans fit into this category too! Such individuals invite you to look into their eyes. The researchers even suspect that the white of the eye (sclera) evolved, in part, to set off the darker hues of the iris and pupil.

Cassiopaea

Distant blazar outburst, visible in amateur telescopes

Blazar 3C 454.3
© SDSS
The blazar 3C 454.3 photographed by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. It’s currently in outburst and nearly as bright as the star just above it. Both are about magnitude +13.6. Click for more information and visuals.
Have an 8-inch or larger telescope? Don't mind staying up late? Excellent. Here's a chance to stare deeper into the known fabric of the universe than perhaps you've ever done before. The violent blazer 3C 454.3 is throwing a fit again, undergoing its most intense outburst seen since 2010. Normally it sleeps away the months around 17th magnitude but every few years, it can brighten up to 5 magnitudes and show in amateur telescopes. While magnitude +13 doesn't sound impressive at first blush, consider that 3C 454.3 lies 7 billion light years from Earth. When light left the quasar, the sun and planets wouldn't have skin in the game for another two billion years.

Blazars form in the the cores of active galaxies where supermassive black holes reside. Matter falling into the black hole spreads into a spinning accretion disk before spiraling down the hole like water down a bathtub drain.

Superheated to millions of degrees by gravitational compression the disk glows brilliantly across the electromagnetic spectrum. Powerful spun-up magnetic fields focus twin beams of light and energetic particles called jets that blast into space perpendicular to the disk.

Blazars and quasars are thought to be one and the same, differing only by the angle at which we see them. Quasars - far more common - are actively- munching supermassive black holes seen from the side, while in blazars - far more rare - we stare directly or nearly so into the jet like looking into the beam of a flashlight