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Thu, 21 Oct 2021
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Beaker

Tracking the origin of Covid — following the clues

coronavirus covid electron miscroscope
© P. Zhou et al/Nature 2020
The coronavirus (small circles shown in this electron micrograph) uses the same cellular protein as SARS to gain access to cells.
Did people or nature open Pandora's box at Wuhan?

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted lives the world over for more than a year. Its death toll will soon reach three million people. Yet the origin of pandemic remains uncertain: the political agendas of governments and scientists have generated thick clouds of obfuscation, which the mainstream press seems helpless to dispel.

In what follows I will sort through the available scientific facts, which hold many clues as to what happened, and provide readers with the evidence to make their own judgments. I will then try to assess the complex issue of blame, which starts with, but extends far beyond, the government of China.

By the end of this article, you may have learned a lot about the molecular biology of viruses. I will try to keep this process as painless as possible. But the science cannot be avoided because for now, and probably for a long time hence, it offers the only sure thread through the maze.

Comment: Another possibility that NO ONE will touch, is that ground zero for the virus was actually the US, cooked up at the bio-weapons lab at Ft. Detrick. That theory says it was brought to China by US participants in the Wuhan Military Games in October 2019. There was also the suspicious outbreak of serious lung infections in August-September 2019 that was attributed to vaping. Cover story?


Galaxy

Powerful magnetic fields in space have been seen bending black hole jets

black hole warp
© (Chibueze, Sakemi, Ohmura et al.; Takumi Ohmura, Mami Machida, Hirotaka Nakayama, 4D2U Project, NAOJ)
Above: The bent jet structures as observed by MeerKAT (left). On the right are simulations showing how magnetic fields could be causing these shapes.
In a galaxy cluster called Abell 3376, some 600 million light-years from Earth, one galaxy has an active supermassive black hole, gobbling up matter at a furious rate - a process that blasts powerful jets of plasma hundreds of thousands, sometimes even millions, of light-years into intergalactic space.

Astronomers have now found that, at a certain distance from the black hole, these jets are being bent at a right angle by powerful intergalactic magnetic fields.

That galaxy is called MRC 0600-399, and its jets were already known for their bizarre, bent shape.

Comment: See also: And check out SOTT radio's:


Newspaper

Most human origins theories are not compatible with known fossils

evolution human
© Christopher M. Smith
The last common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans represents the starting point of human and chimpanzee evolution. Fossil apes play an essential role when it comes to reconstructing the nature of our ape ancestry.
In the 150 years since Charles Darwin speculated that humans originated in Africa, the number of species in the human family tree has exploded, but so has the level of dispute concerning early human evolution. Fossil apes are often at the center of the debate, with some scientists dismissing their importance to the origins of the human lineage (the "hominins"), and others conferring them starring evolutionary roles. A new review out on May 7 in the journal Science looks at the major discoveries in hominin origins since Darwin's works and argues that fossil apes can inform us about essential aspects of ape and human evolution, including the nature of our last common ancestor.

Comment: See also: And check out SOTT radio's:


Question

How Long is a Day on Venus? We Finally Know the Exact Answer

Venus image
© NASA
Venus
Venus, aka. Earth's "Sister Planet," has always been shrouded in mystery for astronomers. Despite being planet Earth's closest neighbor, scientists remained ignorant of what Venus' surface even looked like for well into the 20th century, thanks to its incredibly dense and opaque atmosphere. Even in the age of robotic space exploration, its surface has been all but inaccessible to probes and landers.

And so the mysteries of Venus have endured, not the least of which has to do with some of its most basic characteristics - like its internal mass distribution and variations in the length of a day. Thanks to observations conducted by a team led from UCLA, who repeatedly bounced radar off the planet's surface for the past 15 years, scientists now know the precise length of a day on Venus, the tilt of its axis, and the size of its core.

The team's study, titled "Spin state and moment of inertia of Venus," recently appeared in the journal Nature Astronomy. The team was led by Jean-Luc Margot, a Professor of Earth and planetary sciences and astrophysics at UCLA. He was joined by researchers from Cornell University, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's (NRAO) Green Bank Observatory.
Venus in colors
© Jean-Luc Margot/UCLA/NASA
Radar measurements of Venus’ surface, used to determine its rate of spin and axial tilt.

Blue Planet

'Mother Trees' are intelligent: They learn and remember

Suzanne Simard mother trees book
© Brendan Ko
Author Suzanne Simard
Few researchers have had the pop culture impact of Suzanne Simard. The University of British Columbia ecologist was the model for Patricia Westerford, a controversial tree scientist in Richard Powers's 2019 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Overstory. Simard's work also inspired James Cameron's vision of the godlike "Tree of Souls" in his 2009 box office hit Avatar. And her research was prominently featured in German forester Peter Wohlleben's 2016 nonfiction bestseller The Hidden Life of Trees.

What captured the public's imagination was Simard's findings that trees are social beings that exchange nutrients, help one another and communicate about insect pests and other environmental threats.

Previous ecologists had focused on what happens aboveground, but Simard used radioactive isotopes of carbon to trace how trees share resources and information with one another through an intricately interconnected network of mycorrhizal fungi that colonize trees' roots. In more recent work, she has found evidence that trees recognize their own kin and favor them with the lion's share of their bounty, especially when the saplings are most vulnerable.

Comment: Further reading:


Info

Plants respond to 'painful' stimuli in fascinating ways

Cut Tree
© Pavel_Klimenko/Shutterstock
Many things separate the kingdoms of animal and plant. One of them, we might suppose, is pain. Humans — along with all other nerve-endowed organisms — experience damage to their bodies as subjectively unpleasant. Plants are just as prone to injury, of course, and they respond to injury in their own way. But we feel the stabs and aches in a way they presumably don't.

Lacking the brain and nervous system needed to conjure consciousness (not to mention nociceptors, the animalian cells that react to painful stimuli), our vegetal cousins endure munching insects and withering drought without a hint of suffering as we know it. Even clear-cutting of entire forests, as devastating as it is to the overall ecosystem, won't bother an individual tree in the slightest. Weeding the garden is not botanical torture, and vegetarians can rest easy in the knowledge that their salads are cruelty-free.

That said, plants — like every form of life — have evolved tools to avoid and mitigate damage to themselves. Over the past few decades, biologists have learned much about their astonishing ability to sense and react to danger in their environments. Easy as it is to imagine ourselves in their roots, though, we must remember the immense physiological gap between humans and plants. "We anthropomorphize so readily, and that's why we use the word 'pain'," says Elizabeth Van Volkenburgh, a professor of biology at the University of Washington. "But it's not appropriate to apply to a similar response in plants."

Nebula

'Oddball supernova' appears strangely cool before exploding, 'stretches what's considered physically possible'

supergiant star
© Kavli IPMU/Aya Tsuboi
An artistic impression of a blue companion star stripping hydrogen from a yellow supergiant.
A curiously yellow star has caused astrophysicists to reevaluate what's possible within our universe.

Led by Northwestern University, the international team used NASA's Hubble Space Telescope to examine the massive star two-and-a-half years before it exploded into a supernova. At the end of their lives, cool, yellow stars are typically shrouded in hydrogen, which conceals the star's hot, blue interior. But this yellow star, located 35 million lightyears from Earth in the Virgo galaxy cluster, was mysteriously lacking this crucial hydrogen layer at the time of its explosion.

Comment: Evidence abounds that our theories need updating: And check out SOTT radio's:


Blue Planet

Some viruses have a completely different genome to the rest of life on Earth

virus bacteriophage
© fpm/Getty Images
Illustration of a bacteriophage.
In the world of microbial warfare, sometimes you have to change the very fabric of who you are.

Viruses that infect bacteria - fittingly called bacteriophages - and their prey have been at war for eons, each side evolving more devilish tactics to infect or destroy each other. Eventually, some bacteriophages took this arms race to a new level by changing the way they code their DNA.

At least, that's what we think happened. Once thought to be an outlier, new research published in three separate papers shows that there's a whole army of bacteriophages with non-standard DNA, which researchers call a Z-genome.

Comment: See also: And check out SOTT radio's:


Rocket

SpaceX Starship rocket prototype achieves first safe landing

SpaceX
© Steve Gorman
SpaceX Starship rocket prototype achieves first safe landingSpaceX conducts test launch of SN15 starship prototype from Boca Chica, Texas
SpaceX achieved the first successful touchdown of its prototype Starship rocket during the latest test flight of the next-generation launch vehicle in south Texas on Wednesday, after four previous landing attempts ended in explosions.

The feat marked a key milestone for the private rocket company of billionaire tech mogul Elon Musk in its development of a resusable heavy-lift launch vehicle to eventually carry astronauts and large cargo payloads to the moon and Mars.

The Starship SN15 blasted off from the SpaceX launch site in Boca Chica, Texas, along the Gulf Coast and reached its planned maximum altitude of 10 kilometers (6 miles), then hovered momentarily before flying nose-down under aerodynamic control back toward Earth.

Comment: See also: Justice Department investigating SpaceX after complaint over hiring practices, follows Musk's criticism of US government


Comet 2

New Comet C/2021 E3 (ZTF)

CBET xxxx & MPEC 2021-J71 , issued on 2021, May 06, announce the discovery of an apparently asteroidal object (magnitude ~19.5) on CCD images taken on March 09.5 UT with the 1.2-m Schmidt telescope at Palomar in the course of the "Zwicky Transient Facility" (ZTF) search program. This object has been found to show cometary appearance by CCD astrometrists elsewhere. The new comet has been designated C/2021 E3 (ZTF).

Stacking of 14 unfiltered exposures, 120 seconds each, obtained remotely on 2021, March 19.2 from Z08 (Telescope Live, Oria) through a 0.7 m f/8 Ritchey Chretien + CCD, shows that this object is a comet with a compact coma about 7" in diameter (Observers E. Guido, M. Rocchetto, E. Bryssinck, M. Fulle, G. Milani, C. Nassef, G. Savini, A. Valvasori).

Our confirmation image (click on it for a bigger version; made with TYCHO software by D. Parrott)
Comet C/2021 E3 ZTF
© Remanzacco Blogspot