Science & Technology
After over a year of studying the March 2, 2017 snap to determine whether the mark was a smudge on the lens or something more sinister, NASA scientists determined that it's actually a poppy-seed sized impact crater from some form of cosmic debris. The divet will not, they say, disrupt the spacecraft's mission to the carbonaceous asteroid Bennu.
The photo was taken by the craft's StowCam imager as part of a routine status check conducted six months after the initial launch. The indentation measures 0.08 inches (2mm) across and appeared on the craft's ablative heat shield, a critical component for ensuring mission success.
One of the most important processes sustaining life on Earth is the transport of water from the ground and into the leaves where the photosynthesis and capture of the sun's energy take place. The process has fascinated scientists for centuries and is still debated in plant physiology. Scientists generally agree that water transport is driven by light and consequently occurs in 24 hours cycles.

Tailored flower strips allow pest-eating insects to reach throughout crop fields, rather than be limited to flower borders at the perimeter.
The strips were planted on 15 large arable farms in central and eastern England last autumn and will be monitored for five years, as part of a trial run by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH).
Concern over the environmental damage caused by pesticides has grown rapidly in recent years. Using wildflower margins to support insects including hoverflies, parasitic wasps and ground beetles has been shown to slash pest numbers in crops and even increase yields.
But until now wildflower strips were only planted around fields, meaning the natural predators are unable to reach the centre of large crop fields. "If you imagine the size of a [ground beetle], it's a bloody long walk to the middle of a field," said Prof Richard Pywell, at CEH.
Comment: From one study:
High effectiveness of tailored flower strips in reducing pests and crop plant damageThe necessity of pesticides and herbicides are proving that our mono-cultural, mass production, GMO attempts at cheating nature are not working, and most of these industrial methods are actually hazardous to our health. Eventually we will be forced to return to more traditional, local, smaller agricultural practises - or at least apply the best of them to how we farm in the future:
Abstract
Providing key resources to animals may enhance both their biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide. We examined the performance of annual flower strips targeted at the promotion of natural pest control in winter wheat. Flower strips were experimentally sown along 10 winter wheat fields across a gradient of landscape complexity (i.e. proportion non-crop area within 750 m around focal fields) and compared with 15 fields with wheat control strips. We found strong reductions in cereal leaf beetle (CLB) density (larvae: 40%; adults of the second generation: 53%) and plant damage caused by CLB (61%) in fields with flower strips compared with control fields. Natural enemies of CLB were strongly increased in flower strips and in part also in adjacent wheat fields. Flower strip effects on natural enemies, pests and crop damage were largely independent of landscape complexity (8-75% non-crop area). Our study demonstrates a high effectiveness of annual flower strips in promoting pest control, reducing CLB pest levels below the economic threshold. Hence, the studied flower strip offers a viable alternative to insecticides. This highlights the high potential of tailored agri-environment schemes to contribute to ecological intensification and may encourage more farmers to adopt such schemes.
- "Ecosystem heads towards collapse": One-fifth of Europe's wood beetles at risk of extinction
- 'Locust plague' invades southern Russian regionInsects are the canaries in our coal mine - magical thinking won't help us this time
- Vanishing act: Why insects are disappearing and why it matters
- Interview with the lunatic farmer Joel Salatin
The Pentagon has pushed through development of the highly manoeuvrable weapons, which are designed to outpace detection and defensive capabilities.
It follows repeated warnings from senior officials about rapid advances by China and Russia, who have unveiled their own versions in recent months.
Arsenals of the ultra-fast intercontinental weapons could also be equipped with nuclear warheads with the capability of delivering devastating strikes across the planet.

File NASA image shows an artist's concept of an asteroid breaking up as it travels in space.
NEOWISE has charted almost 30,000 objects since it resumed its work in 2013, including 788 near-Earth objects and 136 comets. Ten of the objects discovered by NEOWISE in the past year alone have been classified as potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs).
NASA's latest animation is based on detections made by the telescope over its last four years of surveying the solar system. The green dots represent near-Earth asteroids while the yellow dots stand for comets.
However, researchers at a San Francisco Bay startup company have discovered a way to counteract this degradation. MycoWorks, a company which creates products out of fungi, believes that the answer may lie in replacing just some of the many products we consume with this entirely sustainable and renewable source material.
"They can take our greatest resource, which is human waste, and turn that into something that's really valuable to us. They have the ability to give us everything that we want" ~Philip Ross, Chief technology officer at MycoWorksThe company currently has the ability to create material which is similar to animal skin, but even sturdier than leather. They were able to create products which are more durable than deer skin in only a matter of months, but what is perhaps most encouraging about the project is that the material only takes two weeks to create, whereas real leather takes about two years for animal to be ready, without considering the costs of feed and housing.
Comment: Partly due to monopolies on certain products, like cotton, wood and stone, and partly because society is so detached from it's past that we seem to have forgotten the uses of a wealth of things in the natural world. For example hemp can be used for clothing and as a construction material as hempcrete, stinging nettles can be used for fabric and as a powerful fertilizer.
It seems we're in the process of rediscovering the secrets of the natural world:
- Italian farmers are planting hemp to suck up heavy metal toxins in polluted soil
- Mushrooms and their anti-aging potentials
- New study shows that 'magic mushrooms' or psilocybin greatly relieves anxiety and depression in cancer patients
- Are Fungi The Earth's Natural Internet?
Among the extraordinary treasure trove of new creatures is a spider crab with fuzzy spines and blood-red eyes, a small wood-dwelling sea star, and a giant cockroach almost a foot (30 centimeters) long.
The monstrous-looking ocean dwellers were identified during the first such scientific expedition to the southern coast of West Java, Indonesia.
Around 12,000 specimens belonging to 800 species were collected during the two-week mission, while over a dozen new breeds of hermit crabs, prawns, lobsters, and crabs were discovered.
As pumping of chemical into the stem failed, forest officials are infusing the chemical solution drop by drop using saline bottles similar to a saline drip given to patients in the hospital. Termites had affected almost entire tree due to which parts of it are fallen, and it closed for tourists in December 2017.
Forest officials are infusing the chemical solution drop by drop using saline bottles similar to a saline drip given to patients in the hospital.
Officials have put the saline drip of diluted chemical Chloropyrifos bottles numbering few hundreds for every two metres of the giant banyan tree.
Comment: It seems that the tree has just reached that age, but it's admirable that people are trying to help all the same:
Wikipedia: Banyan -The banyan tree is the national tree of India. It is also called Indian or Bengal fig. This tree is considered sacred in India and can be seen near a temple or religious center. In Hinduism, the leaf of the banyan tree is said to be the resting place for the god Krishna.
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- 5066 yo tree is considered the oldest known living organism on Earth
- Ancient skull suggests brain surgery on cows
- Evidence found in the Americas of dog as man's best friend for over 10,000 years

A population of Indonesian 'fish people' have evolved spleens are 50 per cent larger than normal people, enabling them to free dive to depths of more than 200 feet (61 metres).
The genetic change discovered in the Bajau tribe - who can hold their breath for 13 minutes - is the first known example of a human adaptation to deep diving, researchers found.
For more than 1,000 years, the Bajau - known as 'Sea Nomads' - have wandered the seas of southern Asia in house boats, catching fish by free diving with spears.
Now settled around the islands of Indonesia, they are famous for their extraordinary breath-holding ability.
Sitting inside abandoned hangars, the rusty spacecraft now gather dust, attracting enthusiasts and thrill-seekers from across the globe. Some such enthusiasts snuck onto a busy launching site in April 2017 to watch the once-magnificent aircraft that never actually made it to launch.
After reaching the cosmodrome, the young adventurers ditched their car and moved on foot before managing to venture into a steppe unnoticed. Their resulting photo compilation - included in a Ruptly video - shows two shuttles and rocket from the Energia-Buran space project, now covered in dust and bird droppings. One of the vehicles is a prototype of a shuttle that conducted its only orbital flight in 1988.












Comment: See also: Report says NASA preparing spacecraft to nuke dangerous asteroids