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Wed, 27 Oct 2021
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Fireball

Cosmic fender-bender: NASA's asteroid-hunting probe develops mysterious divet

Artist rendering of the OSIRIS-REx asteroid probe
© NASA/Handout / Reuters
An undated NASA artist rendering of the OSIRIS-REx asteroid probe.
A conspicuous and worrying black dent in the heat shield of NASA's asteroid-bound probe has been spotted in an image the space agency shared of its OSIRIS-REx Sample Return Capsule (SRC).

After over a year of studying the March 2, 2017 snap to determine whether the mark was a smudge on the lens or something more sinister, NASA scientists determined that it's actually a poppy-seed sized impact crater from some form of cosmic debris. The divet will not, they say, disrupt the spacecraft's mission to the carbonaceous asteroid Bennu.

The photo was taken by the craft's StowCam imager as part of a routine status check conducted six months after the initial launch. The indentation measures 0.08 inches (2mm) across and appeared on the craft's ablative heat shield, a critical component for ensuring mission success.

Comment: See also: Report says NASA preparing spacecraft to nuke dangerous asteroids


Sheeple

Do trees have 'sleep cycles'?

winter solstice celebration
© uulc.org
High-precision three-dimensional surveying of 21 different species of trees has revealed a yet unknown cycle of subtle canopy movement during the night. The 'sleep cycles' differed from one species to another. Detection of anomalies in overnight movement could become a future diagnostic tool to reveal stress or disease in crops.

One of the most important processes sustaining life on Earth is the transport of water from the ground and into the leaves where the photosynthesis and capture of the sun's energy take place. The process has fascinated scientists for centuries and is still debated in plant physiology. Scientists generally agree that water transport is driven by light and consequently occurs in 24 hours cycles.

Comment:


Ladybug

Growing strips of wildflowers in farm fields reduces need for pesticides

wildflower stripe farm
© Matthias Tschumi/Agroscope
Tailored flower strips allow pest-eating insects to reach throughout crop fields, rather than be limited to flower borders at the perimeter.
Long strips of bright wildflowers are being planted through crop fields to boost the natural predators of pests and potentially cut pesticide spraying.

The strips were planted on 15 large arable farms in central and eastern England last autumn and will be monitored for five years, as part of a trial run by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH).

Concern over the environmental damage caused by pesticides has grown rapidly in recent years. Using wildflower margins to support insects including hoverflies, parasitic wasps and ground beetles has been shown to slash pest numbers in crops and even increase yields.

But until now wildflower strips were only planted around fields, meaning the natural predators are unable to reach the centre of large crop fields. "If you imagine the size of a [ground beetle], it's a bloody long walk to the middle of a field," said Prof Richard Pywell, at CEH.

Comment: From one study:
High effectiveness of tailored flower strips in reducing pests and crop plant damage

Abstract

Providing key resources to animals may enhance both their biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide. We examined the performance of annual flower strips targeted at the promotion of natural pest control in winter wheat. Flower strips were experimentally sown along 10 winter wheat fields across a gradient of landscape complexity (i.e. proportion non-crop area within 750 m around focal fields) and compared with 15 fields with wheat control strips. We found strong reductions in cereal leaf beetle (CLB) density (larvae: 40%; adults of the second generation: 53%) and plant damage caused by CLB (61%) in fields with flower strips compared with control fields. Natural enemies of CLB were strongly increased in flower strips and in part also in adjacent wheat fields. Flower strip effects on natural enemies, pests and crop damage were largely independent of landscape complexity (8-75% non-crop area). Our study demonstrates a high effectiveness of annual flower strips in promoting pest control, reducing CLB pest levels below the economic threshold. Hence, the studied flower strip offers a viable alternative to insecticides. This highlights the high potential of tailored agri-environment schemes to contribute to ecological intensification and may encourage more farmers to adopt such schemes.
The necessity of pesticides and herbicides are proving that our mono-cultural, mass production, GMO attempts at cheating nature are not working, and most of these industrial methods are actually hazardous to our health. Eventually we will be forced to return to more traditional, local, smaller agricultural practises - or at least apply the best of them to how we farm in the future:


Rocket

US to develop hypersonic missiles to compete with Russia and China

supersonic missile

This 2010 file photo shows rival Boeing's X-51A WaveRider hypersonic vehicle under a B-52 bomber.
Hypersonic missiles that can fly at many times the speed of sound have received a near $1 billion (£710 million) funding boost in the US to compete with rival nations' efforts.

The Pentagon has pushed through development of the highly manoeuvrable weapons, which are designed to outpace detection and defensive capabilities.

It follows repeated warnings from senior officials about rapid advances by China and Russia, who have unveiled their own versions in recent months.

Arsenals of the ultra-fast intercontinental weapons could also be equipped with nuclear warheads with the capability of delivering devastating strikes across the planet.

Comment: New arms race: US, Russia and China compete to revolutionize warfare with hypersonic weapons


Fireball 4

Threat assessment: NASA's asteroid hunter charted scariest, Earth-bound objects

Outer space
© REUTERS/NASA/JPL-Caltech/Handout / Reuters
File NASA image shows an artist's concept of an asteroid breaking up as it travels in space.
Hundreds of cosmic objects swarming unnervingly close to Earth come to life in an intimidating new NASA visualization, based on the latest data from its asteroid-hunting mission.

NEOWISE has charted almost 30,000 objects since it resumed its work in 2013, including 788 near-Earth objects and 136 comets. Ten of the objects discovered by NEOWISE in the past year alone have been classified as potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs).

NASA's latest animation is based on detections made by the telescope over its last four years of surveying the solar system. The green dots represent near-Earth asteroids while the yellow dots stand for comets.

Frog

Using mushrooms to create leather, wood and brick

mushroom brick building
In a world where the average person consumes more resources than could possibly be regenerated in their lifetime, it's no surprise to hear that our quickening resource consumption is resulting in a slow-motion collapse of the environment and all life on the planet.

However, researchers at a San Francisco Bay startup company have discovered a way to counteract this degradation. MycoWorks, a company which creates products out of fungi, believes that the answer may lie in replacing just some of the many products we consume with this entirely sustainable and renewable source material.
"They can take our greatest resource, which is human waste, and turn that into something that's really valuable to us. They have the ability to give us everything that we want" ~Philip Ross, Chief technology officer at MycoWorks
The company currently has the ability to create material which is similar to animal skin, but even sturdier than leather. They were able to create products which are more durable than deer skin in only a matter of months, but what is perhaps most encouraging about the project is that the material only takes two weeks to create, whereas real leather takes about two years for animal to be ready, without considering the costs of feed and housing.

Comment: Partly due to monopolies on certain products, like cotton, wood and stone, and partly because society is so detached from it's past that we seem to have forgotten the uses of a wealth of things in the natural world. For example hemp can be used for clothing and as a construction material as hempcrete, stinging nettles can be used for fabric and as a powerful fertilizer.

It seems we're in the process of rediscovering the secrets of the natural world:


Info

Here be monsters: Deep sea Java expedition uncovers over 800 bizarre new species

Crab
© South Java Deep Sea Expedition/National University of Singapore
New crab species dubbed “Big Ears”
A deep sea expedition to unexplored depths of the Indian Ocean has revealed a sea rich with peculiar inhabitants from over 800 species, including at least a dozen entirely new to science.

Among the extraordinary treasure trove of new creatures is a spider crab with fuzzy spines and blood-red eyes, a small wood-dwelling sea star, and a giant cockroach almost a foot (30 centimeters) long.

The monstrous-looking ocean dwellers were identified during the first such scientific expedition to the southern coast of West Java, Indonesia.

Around 12,000 specimens belonging to 800 species were collected during the two-week mission, while over a dozen new breeds of hermit crabs, prawns, lobsters, and crabs were discovered.

Health

700-year-old Banyan tree put on life saving drip in India

700 year old banyan tree
The world's second largest Banyan tree in Pillalamarri of Mahabubnagar district in Telangana is on 'saline drip' now as part of the rejuvenation of the tree that is almost dying. The 700-year-old ficus tree is now given treatment by injecting a diluted chemical to kill termite population that infested the tree.

As pumping of chemical into the stem failed, forest officials are infusing the chemical solution drop by drop using saline bottles similar to a saline drip given to patients in the hospital. Termites had affected almost entire tree due to which parts of it are fallen, and it closed for tourists in December 2017.

Forest officials are infusing the chemical solution drop by drop using saline bottles similar to a saline drip given to patients in the hospital.

Officials have put the saline drip of diluted chemical Chloropyrifos bottles numbering few hundreds for every two metres of the giant banyan tree.

Comment: It seems that the tree has just reached that age, but it's admirable that people are trying to help all the same:
Wikipedia: Banyan -The banyan tree is the national tree of India. It is also called Indian or Bengal fig. This tree is considered sacred in India and can be seen near a temple or religious center. In Hinduism, the leaf of the banyan tree is said to be the resting place for the god Krishna.



Compass

It's all in the spleen: Indonesian tribe members can hold their breath for 13 minutes

Indonesian diver

A population of Indonesian 'fish people' have evolved spleens are 50 per cent larger than normal people, enabling them to free dive to depths of more than 200 feet (61 metres).
A population of Indonesian 'fish people' have evolved spleens are 50 per cent larger than normal people, enabling them to free dive to depths of more than 200 feet (61 metres).

The genetic change discovered in the Bajau tribe - who can hold their breath for 13 minutes - is the first known example of a human adaptation to deep diving, researchers found.

For more than 1,000 years, the Bajau - known as 'Sea Nomads' - have wandered the seas of southern Asia in house boats, catching fish by free diving with spears.

Now settled around the islands of Indonesia, they are famous for their extraordinary breath-holding ability.

Rocket

Post-apocalyptic setting: Abandoned Soviet-era spacecraft captured in stunning photos

Spacecraft
© Ruptly
Soviet-era spacecraft hidden in the Baikonur desert have been revealed in a series of stunning pictures. Stored in what looks like a post-apocalyptic setting, they give a rare insight into relics of the USSR's space program.

Sitting inside abandoned hangars, the rusty spacecraft now gather dust, attracting enthusiasts and thrill-seekers from across the globe. Some such enthusiasts snuck onto a busy launching site in April 2017 to watch the once-magnificent aircraft that never actually made it to launch.

After reaching the cosmodrome, the young adventurers ditched their car and moved on foot before managing to venture into a steppe unnoticed. Their resulting photo compilation - included in a Ruptly video - shows two shuttles and rocket from the Energia-Buran space project, now covered in dust and bird droppings. One of the vehicles is a prototype of a shuttle that conducted its only orbital flight in 1988.