Science & Technology
Comet Lulin is already visible before dawn between the constellations Scorpio and Libra and can be sighted in the East to South-East morning sky with telescopes.
Comet Lulin, with two tails, is said to be a visual phenomenon when it cuts across Earth's orbital plane in late February.
Amateur astronomers claim to have spotted the comet through their mid-sized telescopes despite it's being faint at the moment.
The finding represents the first evidence of powdered bones being used in protective coats, or patinas, in Moorish architecture, said Granada University geologist Carolina Cardell, who headed a yearlong scientific research project at the site.
"We know this method was used in Greek, Roman and Celtic structures, but this is the first report of it in a Moorish building," Cardell told The Associated Press.
Cardell's team's findings were published Wednesday in the U.S. journal Analytical Chemistry.
The Ministry of Defence confirmed today that it has suffered virus infections which have shut down "a small number" of MoD systems, most notably including admin networks aboard Royal Navy warships.
The Navy computers infected are the NavyStar (N*) system, based on a server cabinet and cable-networked PCs on each warship and used for purposes such as storekeeping, email and similar support functions. N* ship nets connect to wider networks by shore connection when vessels are in harbour and using satcomms when at sea.
The system is supplied by Fujitsu, with most of the Navy's fleet being equipped in the early years of the century. N* is intended to stay in service, coming under the Defence Information Infrastructure now being rolled out.

The new meteorite specimen in the Antarctic Meteorite Processing Laboratory at NASA's Johnson Space Center. The meteorite was broken open for initial characterization, revealing a pinkish-tan interior and a granular texture unusual in meteorites. The cube in the images is 1 cm on a side and is used to establish a consistent frame of reference for the geometry of the specimen; labeling the top, bottom, sides, etc.
Although last year's inclement weather resulted in fewer Antarctic meteorite recoveries than usual, scientists have recently discovered that one of the specimens is a rare breed -- a type of lunar meteorite seen only once before.
The new specimen was found by a field party from the U.S. Antarctic Search for Meteorites program (ANSMET) headquartered at Case Western Reserve University. The meteorite was discovered on Dec. 11, 2005, on an icefield in the Miller Range of the Transantarctic Mountains, roughly 750 km from the South Pole.
This 142.2 g black rock, slightly larger than a golfball and officially designated MIL 05035, was one of 238 meteorites collected by ANSMET during the 2005-2006 austral summer. Heavy snows limited search efforts during much of the remainder of the six-week field season, making this meteorite, discovered just 600 m from camp, a particularly welcome find.
Our universe may have arisen from seeds preserved in a universe that existed before the big bang - all thanks to dark energy.
One of the models put forward to explain how the universe began proposes that it is just the latest phase in a never-ending cycle. Proposed in 2002 by Paul Steinhardt of Princeton University and Neil Turok from the University of Cambridge, the model argues that our universe exists on a 3D region called a "brane" separated from similar branes by a fourth spatial dimension. Under the right conditions, these branes collide, triggering a big-bang-like event. After the collision, the branes bounce apart, before another collision occurs many billions of years later.
This model initially struggled to explain the ripples in the temperature and density of the universe that can be seen in the cosmic microwave background radiation left over from the big bang. The only way to make calculations based on the cyclic model produce the observed pattern of ripples is to add extra dimensions, as predicted by string theory, on top of the four spatial dimensions that the initial scenario envisaged.
The allegations have been relayed to Mark Pritchard, a Conservative MP, by an official who is concerned that the MoD is failing to take cybersecurity seriously. Pritchard said the official "told me he could not say whether there was any evidence of active Russian involvement but that e-mail traffic from some RAF stations was sent to a Russian internet server".
The Downadup or Conficker worm exploits a bug in Microsoft Windows to infect mainly corporate networks, where -- although it has yet to cause any harm -- it potentially exposes infected PCs to hijack.
Mikko Hypponen, chief research officer at anti-virus firm F-Secure, says while the purpose of the worm is unclear, its unique "phone home" design, linking back to its point of origin, means it can receive further orders to wreak havoc.
By studying brain development in zebrafish, University College London researcher Jenny Regan and colleagues have shown that a protein known as Fgf8 acts as a magnet to attract nerve cells to one side of the brain. "Fgf8 is found in both sides of the brain, leading to a 'tug-of-war' competition between the two sides to attract the migrating group of nerve cells," explains Regan. "This isn't a fair fight, however - Fgf8 on the left-hand side has an ally to help it win the battle."

Cornell researchers report on how so-called ESCRT machinery on a cell's surface uses a ring-like filament as part of its transport function. This illustration shows HIV budding from the surface of a host cell. The ESCRT ring helps HIV deform the membrane and thereby bud out of the cell forming the free virus that can then go on to infect healthy cells in AIDS patients.
The findings, reported in the Jan. 9 issue of the journal Cell (136:1), have important implications for better understanding cancer, AIDS, neurodegenerative disorders and other illnesses, because such diseases can result when receptors go awry by failing to turn off, a function known as down-regulation.
A wide variety of receptors, which are composed of proteins, at the cell surface control interactions between cells and their environment. The machinery responsible for down-regulating the cell surface receptors is called ESCRT (for endosomal sorting complex required for transport). This machinery packages receptors into temporary transport structures called multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that control the down-regulation and, ultimately, the degradation of the receptors.
The moon's magnetic field was probably about one-fiftieth as strong as Earth's current field. The discovery is consistent with the theory that our moon was born when a giant asteroid barreled into Earth and broke off chunks that clustered together to become an orbiting satellite.
The rock is a special sample because it dates from about 4.2 billion years ago, but somehow managed to avoid being subjected to major shocks from asteroid impacts, which tend to erase evidence of any magnetic fields.
"It is one of the oldest and most pristine samples known," said MIT graduate student Ian Garrick-Bethell, lead author of a study published Thursday in Science. "If that wasn't enough, it is also perhaps the most beautiful lunar rock, displaying a mixture of bright green and milky white crystals."









