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Scientists take stunning 'photographs' of human cells by making the DNA inside them glow!

Image

This ultrasharp image uses a new method to simultaneously resolve microtubules (green), mitochondria (purple), Golgi apparatus (red), and peroxisomes (yellow) from a single human cell. Each of these components works together to make the cell function.
  • The structures were captured using a technique dubbed 'Exchange-PAINT'
  • DNA is attached to antibodies that recognise a specific cellular structure
  • DNA with fluorescent tags are introduced and bind to partner structure
  • This is first time system has been able to take images less than 10nm apart
  • Images like this could uncover new ways to diagnose disease, track its progress, or monitor the effectiveness of therapies at a cellular level
This hypnotic image is what the human body looks like when you break it down into its smallest parts.

It might seem like a piece of abstract art, but in reality these intricate patterns are the tiny scaffolds and components that make up a human cell.

Inside each cell is a huge range of molecular machinery that can resemble a busy construction site, with different types of these tiny cellular workers coming and going.

This ultrasharp image uses a new method to simultaneously resolve microtubules (green), mitochondria (purple), Golgi apparatus (red), and peroxisomes (yellow) from a single human cell. Each of these components works together to make the cell function

Researchers in Boston were able to capture these tiny structures using strands of custom-built DNA in a microscopy technique dubbed 'Exchange-PAINT'.

The new technique could enable scientists to generate snapshots of dozens of different biomolecules at once in a single human cell.

Satellite

Defunct Soviet reconnaissance satellite may hit Earth

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© AFP 2013/ HO / NASA
Defunct Soviet Reconnaissance Satellite May Hit Earth
Moscow - A decommissioned Soviet military satellite will burn up in the atmosphere Sunday in an uncontrolled descent and surviving fragments may hit Earth, according to an aerospace defense official.

The military is actively monitoring the satellite using its space tracking network, which has indicated that it will impact the Pacific Ocean on Sunday, Colonel Alexei Zolotukhin said Friday.

"As of February 7, 2014 the fragments are expected to fall on February 16. The exact impact time and location of the fragments from the Kosmos-1220 satellite may change due to external factors," Zolotukhin said.

Info

New interactive map reveals human history of genetic mixing

Gene
© Thinkstock
A multi-institutional team of researchers this week published in the journal Science a study identifying, dating and characterizing the genetic mixing between populations around the world. Along with the study, the team released an interactive map detailing the histories of this genetic mixing.

Researchers from Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Oxford University and University College London developed sophisticated statistical methods to analyze the DNA of nearly 1500 people from 95 different populations around the world and from over the past four millennia. These populations hailed from Europe, Africa, Asia and South and Central America.

The group's work was funded by the Wellcome Trust and Royal Society.

"DNA really has the power to tell stories and uncover details of humanity's past," said co-senior study author Dr Simon Myers, of Oxford University's Department of Statistics and Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics.

"Because our approach uses only genetic data, it provides information independent from other sources. Many of our genetic observations match historical events, and we also see evidence of previously unrecorded genetic mixing. For example, the DNA of the Tu people in modern China suggests that in around 1200CE, Europeans similar to modern Greeks mixed with an otherwise Chinese-like population. Plausibly, the source of this European-like DNA might be merchants travelling the nearby Silk Road," explained Dr Myers in a statement.

Comet

Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 2000 EM26 zipping by Earth on February 17, 2014

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Representation only – There are uncountable numbers of these orbiting rocks that pose an imminent danger to space travel
On February 17th a near-Earth asteroid (NEA), 2000 EM26, with an estimated diameter of three football fields (270 meters) and traveling at approximately 27,000 mph (12.37 km/s), will come racing by Earth on its close approach.

This is a subtle reminder of the dangers of asteroid impacts just one year after two historic events took place on February 15, 2013. Slooh will cover NEA 2000 EM26, a potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA), as it makes its closest approach on Monday, February 17th, starting at 6 pm PST / 9 pm EST / 02:00 UTC (2/18) live from the Canary Islands. Viewers can watch free on Slooh.com or by downloading the Slooh iPad app.

The live image stream will be accompanied by discussions led by Slooh host and astronomer Bob Berman, Slooh technical director Paul Cox, and special guest Dr. Mark Boslough, an expert on planetary impacts and global catastrophes and frequent participant on many science TV documentaries. Viewers can ask questions during the show by using hashtag #asteroid.

Satellite

Mysterious energy ribbon at Solar system's edge a 'Cosmic Roadmap'

Energy ribbon on solar system edge
© Unknown
Cosmic ray intensities (left) compared with predictions (right) from NASA's IBEX spacecraft. The similarity between these observations and predictions supports the local galactic magnetic field direction determined from IBEX observations
A strange ribbon of energy and particles at the edge of the solar system first spotted by a NASA spacecraft appears to serve as a sort of "roadmap in the sky" for the interstellar magnetic field, scientists say.

By comparing ground-based studies and in-space observations of solar system's mysterious energy ribbon, which was first discovered by NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) in 2009, scientists are learning more details about the conditions at the solar system's edge. The study also sheds light into the sun's environment protects the solar system from high-energy cosmic rays.

"What I always have been trying to do was to establish a clear connection between the very high-energy cosmic rays we're seeing [from the ground] and what IBEX is seeing," study leader Nathan Schwadron, a physicist at the University of New Hampshire, told Space.com.

Previously, maps from ground-based observatories showed researchers that clusters of cosmic rays - extremely high-energy particles that originate from supernovas - are correlated with the IBEX ribbon. The ribbon is roughly perpendicular to the interstellar magnetic field while cosmic rays stream, on average, along the interstellar magnetic field. (The particles themselves are created from interactions between the solar wind and interstellar matter.)

Info

Ribbon discovery at edge of Solar System points to influences from the Galactic magnetic field

Interstellar Magnetic Fields
© NASA/IBEX/UNH
A model of the interstellar magnetic fields – which would otherwise be straight -- warping around the outside of our heliosphere, based on data from NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer. The red arrow shows the direction in which the solar system moves through the galaxy.
NASA's Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) discovered an enigmatic "ribbon" of energetic particles at the edge of our Solar System and a new study says it may be just a glimpse into how vast the influence of the galactic magnetic field really is.

The galactic magnetic field around our solar system's giant bubble, known as the heliosphere, determines the orientation of the ribbon and the placement of energetic particles measured within it, according to the new study.

The new findings offer up an explanation for the mystery on why we measure more incoming high-energy cosmic rays on one side of the sun than on the other.

"It's a fascinating time," Nathan Schwadron, of the University of New Hampshire in Durham, and first author on the paper published in Science Express, said in a statement. "Fifty years ago, we were making the first measurements of the solar wind and understanding the nature of what was just beyond near-Earth space. Now, a whole new realm of science is opening up as we try to understand the physics all the way outside the heliosphere."

IBEX detects energetic neutral atoms that form from interactions at the heliosphere's boundaries. Charged particles must travel along the magnetic field lines that are found throughout space, and sometimes a charged particle collides with a neutral atom at the outskirts of the heliosphere and captures an electron from a neutral atom. Once this happens, the charged particle becomes electrically neutral and heads in a straight line, which can be caught by IBEX's detectors.

Telescope

Astronomers discover oldest star in the Universe - 13.6 billion-years

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Australian astronomers have found the oldest known star in the universe, a discovery that may help to resolve a long-standing discrepancy between observations and predictions of the Big Bang billions of years ago.

Dr Stefan Keller, lead researcher at the Australian National University Research School, told Reuters his team had seen the chemical fingerprint of the "first star". After 11 years of searching, the star was discovered using the SkyMapper telescope at the Siding Spring Observatory.

"This star was formed shortly after the Big Bang 13.7 billion years ago," Keller said.

"It's giving us insight into our fundamental place in the universe. What we're seeing is the origin of where all the material around us that we need to survive came from."

Simply put, the Big Bang was the inception of the universe, he said, with nothing before that event.

The ancient star is about 6,000 light years from Earth - relatively close in astronomical terms. It was one of 60 million stars photographed by SkyMapper in its first year.

Arrow Down

Toy dog breeding causing horrific brain problems

Chihuahua
© Wikimedia Commons
Selective breeding to produce doll-like dogs has resulted in horrific brain problems that researchers are only now just beginning to fully understand.

A new study, published in the latest PLOS One, finds that the brains of some of these dogs have parts that are pushing up against themselves and the dogs' skulls. The affliction, known as Chiari malformation, could cause the dogs to experience excruciating headaches, problems with walking, and/or paralysis.

"Chiari malformation can be described as trying to fit a big foot into a small shoe," lead author Clare Rusbridge, from the new School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Surrey, was quoted as saying in a press release.

"It can be very painful, causing headaches and pressure on the brain and can result in fluid filled cavities in the spinal cord."

The disease affects many toy dog breeds, such as Griffon Bruxellois (also known as the Brussels Griffon), Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Chihuahuas and their crosses.

For the study, Rusbridge and her team took brain, skull and vertebrae measurements of 155 Griffon Bruxellois dogs affected by the condition, and compared the data with measurements taken of normal Griffons.

Magnify

Scientists find the first gene directly linked to intelligence‏

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© Alamy
Part of your intelligence may be written in your genes, scientists believe
A gene which may make people more intelligent has been discovered by scientists.

Researchers have found that teenagers who had a highly functioning NPTN gene performed better in intelligence tests.

It is thought the NPTN gene indirectly affects how the brain cells communicate and may control the formation of the cerebral cortex, the outermost layer of the human brain, also known as 'grey matter.'

Fireball 3

Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 2006 DP14 flew by on February 10, 2014

Asteroid 2006 DP14
© Remanzacco Observatory
The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA) 2006 DP14 was discovered on 2006, February 23 by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Near Earth Asteroid Research (LINEAR) program. PHAs are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.

2006 DP14 has an estimated size of 460 m - 1.0 km (based on the object's absolute magnitude H=18.8) and it had a close approach with Earth at about 6.2 LD (Lunar Distances = ~384,000 kilometers) or 0.0160 AU (1 AU = ~150 million kilometers) at 1905 UT on 2014, February 10. This asteroid reached the peak magnitude ~12.8 on February 11, 2014. Shortly before and after the closest approach, this asteroid will be far enough north for Goldstone to track, and it is expecting to be a strong imaging target. Goldstone tracks are scheduled on February 8, 12, and 13.