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Wed, 27 Oct 2021
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Mars

New study: Comets and asteroids strike Mars with organics

Comets and asteroids shower Mars with organics
© Arizona State University/Ron Miller
A new study suggests that impacts by comets and asteroids, which both contain organic compounds, are responsible for roughly 30 percent of the organic material found on the martian surface. This artist’s concept (from a proposed but not flown Mars Scout mission) shows the impact of a high-velocity probe similar to a large meteorite
For decades, astronomers suspected that Mars might be teeming with organics, which are carbon-based molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. However, it wasn't until 2015 that the Mars Curiosity rover uncovered the first evidence showing these life-supporting compounds were not only present, but also likely scattered all over the Red Planet.

At the time, astronomers suspected that organics were hitchhiking to Mars almost exclusively aboard tiny, interplanetary dust particles (which are incredibly common and cause most meteors here on Earth). But now, just three short years later, new research suggests otherwise.

In a new study set for publication on July 15 in the journal Icarus, an international team of researchers found that about one-third of the organic material on Mars was delivered there by asteroid and comet strikes. To determine this, the researchers created a computer model of the solar system that included hundreds of thousands of asteroids and comets. Then they used Peregrine - a supercomputer at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands - to run multiple simulations.

Cassiopaea

Possible nova in constellation Carina

Following the posting on the ATel #11454 about the discovery by All Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae survey (ASAS-SN) of a new transient source, possibly a classical nova, near the Galactic plane in Carina (ASAS-SN Designation: ASASSN-18fv) I performed some follow-up of this object through a 0.43-m f/6.8 astrograph + CCD from MPC Code Q62 (iTelescope Observatory, Siding Spring).

On images taken on March 23.4, 2018 I can confirm the presence of an optical counterpart with R-filtered CCD magnitude +5.7 at coordinates:
R.A. = 10 36 15.42, Decl.= -59 35 53.7

(equinox 2000.0; UCAC-4 catalogue reference stars).

Below you can see my confirmation image (single 20-sec exposure through a 0.43-m f/6.8 astrograph + CCD), click on it for a bigger version:

Nova in Carina
© Remanzacco Blogspot

Fire

Radon, slosh dynamics and Mount Etna's unrest

Radon Tells Unexpected Tales of Mount Etna’s Unrest
© Marco Neri
Mount Etna in Sicily, Italy, spews lava from a Strombolian and effusive eruption on 24 April 2012. The church Santa Maria della Provvidenza stands in the foreground in the town of Zafferana Etnea on the mountain's eastern flank. New research from a team studying the volcano finds that variations in its radon emissions provide insights into volcanic and tectonic influences inside the mountain and, for some seismic activity, up to tens of kilometers away.
Readings from a sensor for the radioactive gas near summit craters of the Italian volcano reveal signatures of such processes as seismic rock fracturing and sloshing of groundwater and other fluids.

Some researchers view radon emissions as a precursor to earthquakes, especially those of high magnitude [e.g., Wang et al., 2014; Lombardi and Voltattorni, 2010], but the debate in the scientific community about the applicability of the gas to surveillance systems remains open. Yet radon "works" at Italy's Mount Etna, one of the world's most active volcanoes, although not specifically as a precursor to earthquakes. In a broader sense, this naturally radioactive gas from the decay of uranium in the soil, which has been analyzed at Etna in the past few years, acts as a tracer of eruptive activity and also, in some cases, of seismic-tectonic phenomena.

To deepen the understanding of tectonic and eruptive phenomena at Etna, scientists analyzed radon escaping from the ground and compared those data with measurements gathered continuously by instrumental networks on the volcano (Figure 1). Here Etna is a boon to scientists-it's traced by roads, making it easy to access for scientific observation.

Comment: See Also:


Fire

Magma plume stretching all the way from Mexico found beneath Yellowstone supervolcano

yellowstone

An underwater 'fountain' of magma has been found beneath Yellowstone National Park. Experts suggest the 'magma plume' could be the source of the heat that drives so much of the park's surface activity, such as its world-famous bubbling springs (stock image)

An underwater 'fountain' of magma has been found beneath Yellowstone supervolcano, heightening fears that a major eruption is on the way.

Researchers found a column of hot volcanic ash known as a magma 'plume' beneath the volcano, and they believe it stretches all the way from Mexico.

Experts suggest the plume could be the source of the heat that drives so much of the volcano's surface activity, such as its world-famous bubbling springs.

The news follows a spate of four mini-tremors in the area last week that raised fears Yellowstone's supervolcano is about to blow.


Comment: Thousands of termors over the past year, a recent tremor swarm, the deformed ground surrounding Yellowstone due to increased pressure and recently rare activity was recorded from one of Yellowstone's Geyser Steamboat - an uptick in activity is evident.


Comment: Due to a slow down in the Earth's rotation, scientists have been predicting an upsurge in earthquakes and volcanoes, and we're seeing other incredible events that are most likely related - but it's not just the Earth that's shifting, weather worldwide is increasingly chaotic:


War Whore

US military is making a laser that can create human sounds out of thin air

laser weapon
© NON-LETHAL WEAPONS PROGRAM/U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Within three years, the Pentagon's non-lethal weapons lab hopes to have a direct energy weapon that can produce an effect like a haunted walkie-talkie or the biblical burning bush.

Watch the video above and listen carefully for what sounds like a human voice during the second spin. That's not an audio recording or a broadcast transmitted over radio...it's not human at all. It's an auditory effect that's created by military scientists who manipulated the air with lasers - and it's the Pentagon's most interesting idea for stopping people charging checkpoints, or just scaring the crap out of them.

The U.S. military's Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program, or JNLWD, is inching closer to a weapon that alters atoms to literally create words from thin air. It's called the Laser-Induced Plasma Effect and, fingers crossed, they hope to be able to say intelligible words within the next three years.

Grey Alien

Scientists study baffling 5-inch skeleton of '6-year-old girl' found in Atacama Desert

Skeleton
© Dr. Emery Smith / AFP
Back in 2003 conspiracy theorists were in a tizzy following the discovery of an alien-like skeleton in a remote Chilean town. Theories spread about the origin of the tiny mummified body but now the mystery has been solved.

'Ata,' as it was named, was discovered tucked inside a pouch behind a church in a ghost town in Chile's Atacama desert. Unlike anything ever found before, it had an elongated skull, strange sunken eyes and ten pairs of ribs, humans typically have 12 pairs.

Perhaps the most bizarre feature of Ata was its size. Despite appearing fully formed, it's roughly 6 inches (13cm) long, no bigger than a dollar bill. Until now its gender, age, how long it had been buried in the Atacama desert, cause of death - and even home planet - remained a mystery.

These questions have now been answered thanks to a comprehensive genome analysis by scientists from Stanford University and the University of California-San Francisco. "I had heard about this specimen through a friend of mine, and I managed to get a picture of it," senior study author Garry Nolan said in a university press release.

Comment: It doesn't bring us any closer, really. Another such discovery was made in Crimea, Russia, last year:


See also: Mystery of alien-like skulls from medieval Europe revealed after 50 years


Brain

New study: Brain scans can read human emotions with 90% accuracy

How neuroscientists are learning to predict emotions with increasing accuracy.
Cryiing Man
Brain scans can read human emotions with 90% accuracy, a new study finds.

Researchers have been able to predict the intensity of negative emotions to evocative images.

They found that negative emotions have a 'neural signature' which a computer could learn.

Comment: Can this technology be used for identifying the developmental trauma and give feedback to rewire the brain for optimal performance? Check it out Neurofeedback technologies.


Info

Math proves there is a something hiding beyond Pluto at the edge of our Solar System say astronomers

Planet Nine
© YouTube
No, it's not Pluto. Unfortunately for die-hard astronomy fans, Pluto is still languishing in its dwarf planet classification, and now it may become replaced by an even more distant planet, hidden somewhere in the mysterious Kuiper Belt. The supposed planet, creatively nicknamed Planet Nine, has not been proven to exist yet, but astronomers have a wealth of data that points to something about 10 times the size of Earth lurking at the edge of the solar system.

The search for Planet Nine started relatively innocuously with some research in 2014: astronomers Scott Shephard and Chad Trujillo published a paper studying a strange object called Sedna, a 1,000-kilometer-wide trans-Neptunian object (TNO). TNOs are minor planets, asteroids, and other bodies who orbits taken them farther out than Neptune, and include Pluto and 10-30 other objects.

The strange thing about Sedna was that it's incredibly long and eccentric orbit seemed to tie it to an unknown planet somewhere outside the solar system, leading Shephard and Trujillo to hypothesize there may be a ninth planet beyond Pluto.

Jet4

Russian Deputy DM: Blackjack strategic bomber to get 1000km range-boost and 'special coatings'

A Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack strategic bomber
© / Reuters
A Tupolev Tu-160 Blackjack strategic bomber
All Russian Tu-160 strategic bombers are scheduled to undergo "deep modernization," the Russian Defense Ministry says. The upgrade will involve installation of new engines that will significantly boost their flight range.

The new engines are expected to be 10 percent more energy efficient. This would ultimately allow the bombers to fly 1,000 kilometers further, Russian Deputy Defense Minister Yury Borisov told journalists while visiting the engine manufacturing company located in Samara, Russian.

Nowadays, the long-range aircraft can already cover a distance of more than 12,000 kilometers without refueling. Its record distance without refueling has reached 18,000 kilometers.

Comment: See also: Russian Tu-160 strategic bomber upgraded and ready for debut flight 2018


Info

Scholz's star disturbed prehistory solar system comets

Scholz's Star
© José A. Peñas/SINC
At a time when modern humans were beginning to leave Africa and the Neanderthals were living on our planet, Scholz's star approached less than a light-year.
About 70,000 years ago, during human occupation of the planet, a small, reddish star approached our solar system and gravitationally disturbed comets and asteroids. Astronomers from the Complutense University of Madrid and the University of Cambridge have verified that the movement of some of these objects is still marked by that stellar encounter.

At a time when modern humans were beginning to leave Africa and the Neanderthals still thrived, Scholz's star-named after the German astronomer who discovered it-approached less than a light-year from the sun. Today, it is almost 20 light-years away, but 70,000 years ago, it entered the Oort cloud, a reservoir of trans-Neptunian objects located at the confines of the solar system.

This discovery was made public in 2015 by a team of astronomers led by Professor Eric Mamajek of the University of Rochester (USA). The details of that stellar flyby, the closest documented so far, were presented in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Now, two astronomers from the Complutense University of Madrid, the brothers Carlos and Raúl de la Fuente Marcos, together with the researcher Sverre J. Aarseth of the University of Cambridge (United Kingdom), have analyzed for the first time nearly 340 solar system objects with hyperbolic orbits (very open V-shaped, rather than elliptical) They have concluded that the trajectories of some of these were influenced by the passage of Scholz's star.