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Wed, 27 Oct 2021
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Archaeologists Uncover 'Bulgarian Machu Picchu'

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© BNT
The Odrysian kings' residence-fortress is made up of terraced structures leading archaeologists to call it the Bulgarian Machu Picchu.
Bulgarian archaeologists have uncovered a unique residence of the rulers of the Odrysian Kingdom, the state of the most powerful tribe of Ancient Thrace.

The residence is located on the Kozi Gramadi mount in the Sredna Gora mountain, close to the resort town of Hissar in central Bulgaria, at about 1 200 m above sea level.

"The residence of the Odrysian kings is a monument unrivaled in scope in Southeastern Europe. I am convinced there is no other fortress-sanctuary dating back to the 4th-5th century BC which is so well-preserved," said Dr. Ivan Hristov, head of the archaeological team and Deputy Director of the Bulgarian National History Museum.

Cow

Disturbing nature's balance, sex selection takes step forward

pig
© Unknown
A company has made a scientific breakthrough that will enable livestock breeders to pre-select the sex of pigs.

The development will have a major effect on the livestock industry across the world, creating significant economic and animal welfare benefits, according to Wales Online.

Ovasort Limited, which is based in Cardiff, has discovered sex-linked proteins on the surface of sperm cells of both pigs and cattle, and has developed a prototype product to identify and separate the male and female cells for each sex in both species.

It is the first time that semen sexing has been commercially possible in pigs, and the technology offers a much easier, faster and cost effective method of semen sexing in cattle.

Rocket

Russia to kick off construction of a new spaceport

Russias spaceport
© BBC
Once the shuttle fleet is retired, the Soyuz spacecraft will be the only way to get to the ISS
Russia will invest US $800m (£527m) into a new spaceport in the country's Far East, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin has announced.

The move is meant to ease the dependence on the Baikonur launch site in Kazakhstan, built during the Soviet-era.

The future cosmodrome will be built near the town of Uglegorsk in the Far Eastern Amur region, close to the border with China.

It is planned to be mostly used for civilian launches and should be operational by 2015.

"The government has made a decision to earmark 24.7 billion rubles ($809m) over the next three years for the start of the full-blown construction of the Vostochny cosmodrome," Mr Putin said.

Vostochny means "eastern" in Russian.

The head of Russia's federal space agency, Roscosmos Anatoly Perminov, said that up to 30,000 specialists would build the new space launch facility.

He also noted that it will be smaller than Baikonur, which Russia rents from Kazakhstan.

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Nazi Germany: Himmler's Efforts to Turn Sand Into Gold

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© The Telegraph
SS chief Heinrich Himmler
SS chief Heinrich Himmler set up a secret unit in the Dachau concentration camp after becoming convinced he could turn sand into gold, a book has claimed.

His personal alchemist was a man named Karl Malchus who convinced Himmler he could make the metal.

Gold was vital for the Nazi regime in Germany to use to buy armaments and technology from abroad. When Himmler was approached by the scientist in 1937, after the regime had been in power for four years.

The book, Hilter's Alchemists - The Secret Attempts to Manufacture Gold in Dachau, by academic Helmut Werner, is the first account of this extraordinary confidence trick pulled on one of the most murderous individuals who ever lived.

Mr Werner, who has written previous works on the history of alchemy, said it was possible that Malchus himself may have been working for British intelligence when he received the go-ahead to begin his bizarre quest in a barracks at Dachau in 1938.

Sherlock

Grave of Hitler's Would-Be Assassin Discovered

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© Rex Features
Count Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg in March 1944
The grave of Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, the man who failed to kill Adolf Hitler, may have been discovered in a wood in Germany.

Stauffenberg and other co-conspirators were summarily executed after a bomb the army officer planted at Hitler's east Prussian HQ failed to kill him on July 20,1944.

The plot to kill him and overthrow the Nazi state called Unternehmen Walküre (Operation Valkyrie), which was made into a film starring Tom Cruise as the doomed nobleman, was hatched by disillusioned army officers who knew Germany had no chance of winning the war and who were disgusted by atrocities they witnessed on the eastern front.

Stauffenberg and several others were shot dead in the courtyard of the Bendlerblock, the army HQ in the centre of Berlin, in the hours following the coup attempt. Their last resting place was never found until now.

Sherlock

Russia: Bolshevik Mass Grave Found in St. Petersburg

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© The Telegraph
St Petersburg: archaeologists have found a Bolshevik-era graveyard in the city's Peter and Paul Fortress
Archeologists have uncovered the site of Bolshevik-era executions and mass graves at St Petersburg's Peter and Paul Fortress.

The remains of over 80 bodies were found shot through the head in six mass graves dating to after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.

The graves were discovered when archeological digs began this summer in Russia amid restoration work, said Dmitry Masliakov, museum spokesman.

"Six mass graves with the remains of over 80 bodies were found by archeologists during a dig on the grounds of the Peter and Paul Fortress since June," he said.

It was not immediately clear when the victims had lost their lives.

Sherlock

US: Wooden "Stonehenge" Emerges From Prehistoric Ohio

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© Bob Riordan
Limestone-embedded clay floors surround postholes during a Moorehead Circle excavation July 8.
Timber circles, like U.K. monument, aligned to summer solstice, study reveals.

Just northeast of Cincinnati, Ohio, a sort of wooden Stonehenge is slowly emerging as archaeologists unearth increasing evidence of a 2,000-year-old ceremonial site.

Among their latest finds: Like Stonehenge, the Ohio timber circles were likely used to mark astronomical events such as the summer solstice.

Formally called Moorehead Circle but nicknamed "Woodhenge" by non-archaeologists, the site was once a leafless forest of wooden posts. Laid out in a peculiar pattern of concentric, but incomplete, rings, the site is about 200 feet (57 meters) wide.

Today only rock-filled postholes remain, surrounded by the enigmatic earthworks of Fort Ancient State Memorial. Some are thousands of feet long and all were built by Indians of the pre-agricultural Hopewell culture, the dominant culture in midwestern and eastern North America from about A.D. 1 to 900.

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"Lost" Languages To Be Resurrected By Computers?

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© Regina Barzilay
A sample of Ugaritic script on a gift-shop replica.
New program can translate ancient Biblical script.

A new computer program has quickly deciphered a written language last used in Biblical times - possibly opening the door to "resurrecting" ancient texts that are no longer understood, scientists announced last week.

Created by a team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the program automatically translates written Ugaritic, which consists of dots and wedge-shaped stylus marks on clay tablets. The script was last used around 1200 B.C. in western Syria.

Written examples of this "lost language" were discovered by archaeologists excavating the port city of Ugarit in the late 1920s. It took until 1932 for language specialists to decode the writing. Since then, the script has helped shed light on ancient Israelite culture and Biblical texts.

Using no more computing power than that of a high-end laptop, the new program compared symbol and word frequencies and patterns in Ugaritic with those of a known language, in this case, the closely related Hebrew.

Sun

Sunspot AR1089 Crackling With B- and C-class Eruptions

On July 19th, a region of high magnetic activity rotated over the sun's southeastern limb. Extreme UV telescopes on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) recorded these plumes of hot plasma heralding the approach:
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© SDO

White-light images of the emerging region subsequently revealed the dark cores of a large and complex sunspot, newly numbered AR1089.

Update July 20 at 1400 UT: The sunspot is now growing even larger. It has a restless magnetic field that is crackling with B- and C-class eruptions, as shown in these movies from SDO. Readers with solar telescopes are encouraged to monitor the region as it turns to face Earth.

Meteor

WISE mission misleads public with confusing comet stats

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In my day work I am no stranger to government bureaucracies and "programs" manipulating information about their activities until it suits them to do otherwise. The WISE mission is no different.

In March of this year David Shiga wrote an obviously informed article revealing early results of the WISE mission (below). Six weeks into WISE's work, someone revealed to Shiga (I don't think it is press release material, but prove me wrong) that 16 NEO's had been identified, and strangely, these objects were in comet-like inclined orbits (making them comets). Then, this week, six month later, we get an update from the JPL mission team reporting a total of 15 new "comets" have been found, and 25,000 new "asteroids."

What happened to the original 16 objects with inclined orbits? Are they now just lumped in with asteroids? How many of the "asteroids" orbits are inclined (making them comets)?.

The WISE mission is massaging, or least showing no consistency, in their use of the terms comet and asteroid in their press releases or private communication with the media. I am sure the public will able to sort this out in six more months as promised in the JPL press release. But the opaque and clumsy treatment of this important quasi-public information in the popular press in the meantime is disappointing.

I would love for a reader or two to provide insight and clarification regarding these matters. I do not, for instance, monitor or quite understand the Minor Planet Center. Perhaps all this info is being fed to "Harvard" and WISE feels no responsibility to elaborate in a press releases regarding the finer points of astronomical nomenclature. Or, maybe you sense the same manipulation-without-explanation I do...