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Tue, 26 Oct 2021
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Scientists discover new species of world's largest octopus

Octopus
© AP Photo/ Jaime Henry-White
Seven years ago, researchers managed to obtain DNA evidence of an octopus which was genetically distinct from the giant Pacific octopus, ranging from California to Alaska to Japan.

Scientists from Alaska Pacific University have discovered a new species of the world's largest octopus, which can weigh up to 150 pounds (about 68 kilograms).

The "frilled giant Pacific octopus" has repeatedly been mistaken for the giant Pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini, because researchers could not visually confirm the existence of the new species.

Cult

'We live in a new world of sophisticated hacking & cryptojacking' - McAfee to RT

mcafee
© RT
Cybersecurity guru John McAfee, who courted online ridicule after he was breached by a hacker seeking to promote obscure digital coins, told RT (Watch video here) we are essentially defenseless in the face of advanced hacking techniques.

The founder of the McAfee computer security software company had his Twitter account, where he regularly tweets tips on prospective cryptocurrencies, compromised Thursday by an unidentified perpetrator. The hacker immediately seized the opportunity to promote lesser-known digital currencies. While the recommendations were clearly not in McAfee's style, the cryptocurrencies in question briefly surged before dropping again.

McAfee told RT there was effectively nothing he could have done to protect the account from the type of hack he fell victim to, as it was orchestrated though his carrier company, AT&T, the largest in the US.

"What happened is brand new to me. They managed to hack AT&T to move my phone number to another phone," and then sent a bogus request for a Twitter password change. Since his telephone number was hijacked, there was little he could he do to stop hackers from successfully seizing his social media account, he said.

Info

Genetic cause for chronic bad breath discovered

Prof. Kent Lloyd
© Karin Higgins/UC Davis photo
Prof. Kent Lloyd, director of the UC Davis Mouse Biology Program, in the lab. Gene-edited and “knockout” mice have become a vital tool in biomedical research.
An international team of researchers has identified a cause for chronic bad breath (halitosis), with the help of gene knockout mice from the UC Davis Mouse Biology Program. The results are published Dec. 18 in the journal Nature Genetics.

While most cases of bad breath are linked bacteria growing in the mouth, up to 3 percent of the population have chronic halitosis of no obvious cause.

"It's important to identify the cause of persistent halitosis, and differentiate that cause from relatively benign causes (e.g., gum disease) and the more morbid causes such as liver cirrhosis," said Professor Kent Lloyd, director of the Mouse Biology Program at UC Davis.

Researchers at Radboud University in The Netherlands have been studying families with chronic bad breath for several years.

They found that these people produced a lot of sulfur-based compounds in their breath, especially methanethiol which has an unpleasant boiled-cabbage smell. Methanethiol is normally produced during digestion but broken down in the body.

Some bacteria can break down sulfur compounds. Based on bacterial genes, the team identified a human protein, selenium binding protein 1, which can convert methanethiol into other and compounds.

Fish

Scientists discover shark with both male and female reproductive organs in Taiwan's southern strait

shark
© Michael Weberberger / Global Look Press
Scientists have found a shark with both male and female reproductive organs in waters off the coast of Taiwan.

The spadenose shark was caught by a fishing trawler in the strait between Taiwan and China in January. After spotting a pair of penis-like appendages known as claspers near its pelvic fin, marine biologists judged the 50cm-long (1.6ft) fish to be an adult male. However, an internal examination revealed that the shark had male and female reproductive tracts as well as a pair of ovotestes, an organ that produces both eggs and sperm.

The study, published in the journal Marine and Coastal Fisheries by scientists from Xiamen University in China, also showed how germ cells from both sexes were found inside the shark, meaning it could, theoretically, play the male or female role in reproduction. Intersex sharks discovered previously have had only partially-formed reproductive organs.

Beaker

Russian biologists put cancer cells on a 'diet' and destroy them

cancer cells
© Creative Commons
According to an article published in the journal BBA General Subjects, cancer cells differ from healthy ones in that they absorb an unusually many nutrients and oxygen, which allows them to grow and multiply uncontrollably.

Scientists from Moscow State University and their Swedish colleagues successfully suppressed the growth of cancer cells, forcing them to starve and not produce protein for sustenance.

In recent years, scientists have begun to notice that suppressing the "appetite" of cancer cells facilitates the fight against them both from the immune system and from various types of chemo- and immunotherapies.

"It is known that autophagy can be caused by a partial restriction of nutrients. We are interested in the question: What is behind this? We have studied the mechanism of this phenomenon," Boris Zhivotovsky, a professor with the biological faculty at Moscow State University, said.

Comment: The good doctors are on the right track.


Coffee

Chemists figure out how to prepare the perfect cup of coffee

Iced brewed coffee
© CCO
In a new study devoted to the preparation of the ideal cup of joe, chemists researched four brewing methods, including traditional hot brew and cold brew, medium and dark roast and medium and coarse grind.

The study, conducted by Thomas Jefferson University chemists Megan Fuller and Niny Z. Rao, scientifically confirmed that cold-brewed medium roast coffee has a higher concentration of caffeine and chlorogenic acid than other methods.

Comment:


Archaeology

Dinosaurs ruled in 2017: 5 incredible things paleontologists learned

Patagotitan was named the Biggest Land Animal Ever Dinosaur
© Shannon Stapleton/REUTERS
Museum attendees walk by the head of the newly named Patagotitan mayorum, a 122-foot titanosaur, at the American Museum of Natural History, in New York. A generic dinosaur costume can be customized for a stylized Patagotitan look.
2017 was an incredible year for paleontology. Three states declared official "state dinosaurs" and paleontologists made countless dino finds around the world. Here are some of the most important discoveries that changed our understanding of the enormous beasts that once ruled the Earth.

The Patagotitan was named the Biggest Land Animal Ever

In 2013, a Patagonian shepherd discovered the fossilized remains of an enormous long-necked dinosaur. For years it would remain nameless, simply called "The Titanosaur," referring to the taxonomic clade to which it belonged, in the halls of the American Museum of Natural History where visitors could see a life-sized skeleton reconstruction.

Comment: Also See:


Cell Phone

Snowden's new app turns your phone into a portable security system

edward snowden
Your digital security, any sufficiently paranoid person will remind you, is only as good as your physical security. The world's most sensitive users of technology, like dissidents, activists, or journalists in repressive regimes, have to fear not just hacking and online surveillance, but the reality that police, intelligence agents, or other intruders can simply break into your home, office, or hotel room. They can tamper with your computers, steal them, or bodily detain you until you cough up passwords or other secrets.

To help combat that threat, one of the world's most well-known activists against digital surveillance has released what's intended to be a cheap, mobile, and flexible version of a physical security system. On Friday, the Freedom of the Press Foundation and its president, famed NSA leaker Edward Snowden, launched Haven, an app designed to transform any Android phone into a kind of all-purpose sensor for detecting intrusions.

Safe Haven

Designed to be installed on a cheap Android burner, Haven uses the phone's cameras, microphones and even accelerometers to monitor for any motion, sound or disturbance of the phone. Leave the app running in your hotel room, for instance, and it can capture photos and audio of anyone entering the room while you're out, whether an innocent housekeeper or an intelligence agent trying to use his alone time with your laptop to install spyware on it. It can then instantly send pictures and sound clips of those visitors to your primary phone, alerting you to the disturbance. The app even uses the phone's light sensor to trigger an alert if the room goes dark, or an unexpected flashlight flickers.

Comment: Interesting concept but what's not clear is how this app, while itself may be secure, would prevent an eavesdropper accessing your phone at a firmware level. Naturally, the Russophobic press had their reservations, well because, Russia!


Question

Bizarre whirlpool phenomenon observed in southern seas

Whirlpool
© Flickr user Dave Stokes
A small whirlpool.
Scientists have spotted a bizarre phenomenon reeling through the southern seas: linked swirls of water that resemble giant whirlpools spinning in opposite directions.

Rotating masses of water called eddies are common in the ocean. The newly revealed pairs, however, churn through the water up to ten times faster than their single counterparts, and are connected underwater by a U-shaped vortex. What's more, they might be able to slurp up tiny marine animals and ferry them great distances. Researchers are now trying to figure out how these maelstroms came to be and why they behave so weirdly.

Eddies, which can measure more than 60 miles across, are typically created by turbulence in larger ocean currents. "When they reach a certain strength they spontaneously start meandering and breaking up into eddies," says Chris Hughes, an oceanographer at University of Liverpool in England and one of the scientists behind the new discovery. Eddies play an important role in the ocean by mixing water from different areas, he says. They can stir up nutrients normally found in deeper waters and transport water across gyres, patterns of circular ocean currents that can be thousands of miles wide. This is essential for transporting heat from the equator up to the waters around the poles. "That really wouldn't be possible without the eddies," Hughes says.

Info

A new understanding of obesity - The body's own bathroom scales

Bathroom Scales
© University of Gothenburg
Researchers at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, have found evidence for the existence of an internal body weight sensing system. This system operates like bathroom scales, registering body weight and thereby fat mass. More knowledge about the sensing mechanism could lead to a better understanding of the causes of obesity as well as new anti-obesity drugs.

"We have discovered a completely new system that regulates fat mass. We hope this discovery will lead to a new direction in obesity research. The findings may also provide new knowledge about the cause of obesity and, in the long run, new treatments of obesity", says John-Olov Jansson, Professor at Sahlgrenska Academy.

He explains:
"Quite simply, we have found support for the existence of internal bathroom scales. The weight of the body is registered in the lower extremities. If the body weight tends to increase, a signal is sent to the brain to decrease food intake and keep the body weight constant".
The study was performed on obese rodents that were made artificially heavier by loading with extra weights. The animals lost almost as much weight as the artificial load. The extra weights caused body fat to decrease and blood glucose levels to improve.