Science & Technology

Mayan tomb find may help explain collapse

Associated Press
Thu, 28 Jan 2010 08:07 UTC

© Associated Press
A ceramic head found in a newly discovered tomb sits on display at the Mayan Tonina archeological site near Ocosingo village in Mexico's Chiapas state.- Miguel Tovar

Mexican archeologists have found an 1,100-year-old tomb from the twilight of the Mayan civilization that they hope may shed light on what happened to the once-glorious culture.

Archeologist Juan Yadeun said the tomb, and ceramics from another culture found in it, may reveal who occupied the Mayan site of Tonina in southern Chiapas state after the culture's classic period began fading.

Many experts have pointed to internal warfare between Mayan city states, or environmental degradation, as possible causes of the Maya's downfall starting around AD 820.

But Yadeun, who oversees the Tonina site for Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History, said artifacts from the Toltec culture found in the tomb may point to another explanation. He said the tomb dates to between the years 840 and 900.

Experts Unveil Dinosaur, Oldest Known Ancestor of Birds

Tan Ee Lyn
Reuters
Thu, 28 Jan 2010 02:06 UTC

Hong Kong - China has unearthed the fossil of a two-legged carnivorous dinosaur that lived 160 million years ago and which researchers have identified as the earliest known member of a long lineage than includes birds.

The Haplocheirus sollers had a long, narrow skull, many small teeth and powerful biceps and forelimbs, which enabled it to hunt primitive lizards, small mammals and reptiles, the experts wrote in the latest issue of the journal Science.

The individual, believed to be a young adult when it died, had a long tail and a total body length of between 190 and 230 cm. (6 feet 2 inches to 7 feet 6 inches). It was found in orange mudstone beds in the Junggar Basin in China's far western Xinjiang region.

The Moon And Mars Are Having A Close Encounter

Space Weather
Thu, 28 Jan 2010 21:35 UTC

In a coincidence of celestial proportions, the Moon and Mars are having close encounters with Earth at the same time. Moreover, the two will spend Friday night gliding across the sky side-by-side. It's a must-see event: sky map.

On Jan. 27th, Tamas Ladanyi of Tes, Hungary, caught this view of the Red Planet, pre-conjunction:

"I used a Canon 500D (ISO 1600, 6 sec) to photograph the winter landscape on the plateau of Tes with its famous windmills in bright moonlight," says Ladanyi. "Mars shone beautifully above it all."

Biggest Full Moon Of The Year

Space Weather
Thu, 28 Jan 2010 21:30 UTC

This Friday night, if you think the Moon looks unusually big, you're right. It's the biggest full Moon of 2010. Astronomers call it a "perigee Moon," some 14% wider and 30% brighter than lesser full Moons of the year.

Johannes Kepler explained the phenomenon 400 years ago. The Moon's orbit around Earth is not a circle but an ellipse, with one side 50,000 km closer to Earth than the other. Astronomers call the point of closest approach "perigee," and that is where the Moon will be Friday night through Saturday morning: diagram.

Destination Phobos: humanity's next giant leap

Stuart Clark
NewScientist
Thu, 28 Jan 2010 20:21 UTC

Phobos is a name you are going to hear a lot in the coming years. It may be little more than an asteroid - just two-billionths of the mass of our planet, with no atmosphere and hardly any gravity - yet the largest of Mars's two moons is poised to become our next outpost in space, our second home.

Although our own moon is enticingly close, its gravity means that relatively large rockets are needed to get astronauts to and from the surface. The same goes for Mars, making it expensive to launch missions there too - perhaps even prohibitively expensive if President Obama's review of NASA's human space exploration policy is to be believed. Last October, a committee of independent experts chaired by industrialist Norman Augustine concluded that NASA faced a shortfall of around $3 billion a year if it still intends to send astronauts back to the moon - let alone Mars - by 2020. But that doesn't mean that humans have nowhere to go.

Spirit Morphs into a Martian Lander

Kelly Beatty
Sky & Telescope
Thu, 28 Jan 2010 20:10 UTC

© NASA/JPL
NASA's twin Martian rovers were designed to trek up to 100 meters per day. After six years of operation, Opportunity is still moving well across the landscape, but Spirit appears to be hopelessly stuck in a sand drift.

This month marks the sixth anniversary of the 2004 arrival on Mars of the NASA rovers Spirit (January 4th) and Opportunity (January 25th). As I noted in December, things have not gone well for Spirit since its wheels became mired in soft sand last May.

Unfortunately, the past month's all-out effort to free the craft has resulted in lots of frustration but little movement. It didn't help that a second wheel failed on the right side. And the situation is getting more dire because Martian winter is approaching, which means the Sun is providing less energy each sol (day) for electricity and it's getting colder.

Early copy of the Gospel of Mark is a forgery

Emily Sharpe
The Art Newspaper
Thu, 28 Jan 2010 20:03 UTC

London - A clever bit of detective work by US scholars and scientists has proven that one of the jewels of the University of Chicago's manuscript collection is, in fact, a skilled late 19th- or early 20th-century forgery.

Although speculation as to the authenticity of the Archaic Mark codex has been rife for more than 60 years, prior to this definitive research many believed it was an early record (possibly as early as the 14th century) of the Gospel of Mark and the closest of any extant manuscript to the world's oldest Greek Bible - the fourth-century Codex Vaticanus.

Astronomers Find Rare Beast by New Means

Science Daily
Thu, 28 Jan 2010 12:46 UTC

For the first time, astronomers have found a supernova explosion with properties similiar to a gamma-ray burst, but without seeing any gamma rays from it. The discovery, using the National Science Foundation's Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope, promises, the scientists say, to point the way toward locating many more examples of these mysterious explosions.

Lost Roman law code discovered in London

Dave Weston
University College London
Wed, 27 Jan 2010 20:45 UTC

Part of an ancient Roman law code previously thought to have been lost forever has been discovered by researchers at UCL's Department of History. Simon Corcoran and Benet Salway made the breakthrough after piecing together 17 fragments of previously incomprehensible parchment. The fragments were being studied at UCL as part of the Arts & Humanities Research Council-funded "Projet Volterra" - a ten year study of Roman law in its full social, legal and political context.

Corcoran and Salway found that the text belonged to the Codex Gregorianus, or Gregorian Code, a collection of laws by emperors from Hadrian (AD 117-138) to Diocletian (AD 284-305), which was published circa AD 300. Little was known about the codex's original form and there were, until now, no known copies in existence.

Black Hole Hunters Set New Distance Record

Paul Crowther
European Southern Observatory
Wed, 27 Jan 2010 20:15 UTC

© Unknown
Astronomers using ESO’s Very Large Telescope have detected, in another galaxy, a stellar-mass black hole much farther away than any other previously known. With a mass above fifteen times that of the Sun, this is also the second most massive stellar-mass black hole ever found. It is entwined with a star that will soon become a black hole itself.

The stellar-mass black holes found in the Milky Way weigh up to ten times the mass of the Sun and are certainly not be taken lightly, but, outside our own galaxy, they may just be minor-league players, since astronomers have found another black hole with a mass over fifteen times the mass of the Sun. This is one of only three such objects found so far.

The newly announced black hole lies in a spiral galaxy called NGC 300, six million light-years from Earth. "This is the most distant stellar-mass black hole ever weighed, and it's the first one we've seen outside our own galactic neighbourhood, the Local Group," says Paul Crowther, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Sheffield and lead author of the paper reporting the study. The black hole's curious partner is a Wolf - Rayet star, which also has a mass of about twenty times as much as the Sun. Wolf - Rayet stars are near the end of their lives and expel most of their outer layers into their surroundings before exploding as supernovae, with their cores imploding to form black holes.

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Science & Technology

Mayan tomb find may help explain collapse

Experts Unveil Dinosaur, Oldest Known Ancestor of Birds

The Moon And Mars Are Having A Close Encounter

Biggest Full Moon Of The Year

Destination Phobos: humanity's next giant leap

Spirit Morphs into a Martian Lander

Early copy of the Gospel of Mark is a forgery

Astronomers Find Rare Beast by New Means

Lost Roman law code discovered in London

Black Hole Hunters Set New Distance Record

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