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Solar-Powered Toothbrush Doesn't Require Toothpaste

Solar Toothbrush
© cnbeta.com.
The Soladey-J3X toothbrush.
Researchers have designed a toothbrush that cleans teeth by creating a solar-powered chemical reaction in the mouth, doing away with the need for toothpaste.

Dr. Kunio Komiyama, a dentistry professor emeritus at the University of Saskatchewan, designed the first model of the unconventional toothbrush 15 years ago. Today, Komiyama and his colleague Dr. Gerry Uswak are seeking recruits to test their newest model, the Soladey-J3X. The toothbrush, which is manufactured by the Shiken company of Japan, will soon be tested by 120 teenagers to see how it compares to a normal toothbrush.

The Soladey-J3X has a solar panel at its base that transmits electrons to the top of the toothbrush through a lead wire. The electrons react with acid in the mouth, creating a chemical reaction that breaks down plaque and kills bacteria. The toothbrush requires no toothpaste, and can operate with about the same amount of light as needed by a solar-powered calculator.

The researchers have already tested the toothbrush in cultures of bacteria that cause periodontal disease, and demonstrated that the brush causes "complete destruction of bacterial cells," Komiyama said.

Last month, the researchers presented their research at the FDI Annual World Dental Conference in Dubai, where their poster won first prize out of 170 entries.

Book

Egypt publisher: Christians forged their version of the Bible

Pope Shenouda
© Reuters
Leader of Egypt's Coptic Church, Pope Shenouda, standing with heads and representatives of churches, in Cairo, June 8, 2010.
Egyptian daily al-Masry al-Youm says Coptic Church is considering filing a complaint against the release of controversial 'forged Bible.'

An Islamic publishing house in Egypt has published what is says is a "forged" version of the Christian Bible, angering the local Coptic Church, independent daily al-Masry al-Youm reported Thursday.

The owner of the Islamic Enlightenment Publishing House, Abuislam Abdullah, wrote in the introduction that the reason behind the book's publication was to prove that there are several versions of the bible and that Christians had forged theirs.

Sherlock

Oliver Cromwell's Lost Army: Buried Side by Side, the Roundheads Who Fell Victim to a Terrible Siege

Image
© On-Site Archaeology
Skeleton army: The remains found in York, one of 10 mass graves containing Roundhead soldiers
They were crammed together and buried side by side, stripped of all clothing and personal possessions.

Force of circumstance determined this most impersonal and undignified resting place.

For the men buried in mass graves at a ruined York church were the soldiers of Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentary army.

The Roundheads were not killed in combat but probably by infectious disease during the gruelling English Civil War siege of the city.

Their comrades went on to defeat King Charles I's Cavaliers at the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644 and turn the tide of the war.

But history forgot the more than 100 souls who probably never made it to the battleground.

Sherlock

Vietnam: Stone Age Artefacts Unearthed in Son La

Image
© Viet Nam News
Some stone tools unearthed at six excavation sites at the Son La hydro-electric reservoir construction site.
More than 28,400 artefacts unearthed at six excavation sites in the Son La Hydro-electricity Plant reservoir construction site have been handed over to the Dien Bien Museum.

The objects, unearthed by Viet Nam Archaeology Institute graduates, have been identified as being from the Palaeolithic era (around 20,000 years ago) to Neolithic (3,000-4,000 years ago). They were found at Huoi So, Tua Thang communes and Muong Lay town of Dien Bien District.

They include simple tools like stone pestles, mortars, and ceramic objects.

Institute Professor Nguyen Khac Su said the objects were from tribes living in connected groups along the Da River, judging from the groups of objects.

Sherlock

Chinese "Pompeii" Unearthed in Hunan

Archaeologists have discovered an oriental 'Pompeii' in Hunan, China.

As Pompeii in Italy was destroyed by the volcanic eruption, the Chengbu Shiwangutian was destroyed by a plague of locusts during the Qing Dynasty.

'Shiwangutian' refers to an ancient farming and settlement site in Chengbu County in Hunan.

According to Zeng Xiaoguang, Deputy Director of Cultural Heritage Bureau in Shaoyang City in Hunan, after the locusts plague, the site was turned into an uninhabited area and a large amount of cultural relics were preserved, reports the People's Daily Online.

Shiwangutian is in a trapezoid shape that is higher in the north and lower in the south. It has been divided into upper part, middle part and lower part with a big circle with the diameter of 300 meters in the middle part of the farmland.

Magnify

Parental Incest May Be Cause of King Tut's Short Life

Image
© Jon Parise/Creative Commons
A reproduction of a King Tut statue at the Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum in San Jose, Calif.
Using 21st century technology, including DNA and CT scanning, a team of scientists attempted to put to rest the mystery of King Tut's death -- concluding he was a victim of his incestuous lineage, according to an article in the September issue of National Geographic.

For years, scientists have tried to unravel ancient clues as to why the boy king of Egypt, who reigned for 10 years, died at the age of 19.

Several theories have been put forth. One was that he was killed by a blow to the head. Another put the blame on a broken leg. As recently as June, German scientists said they believe there is evidence he died of sickle cell disease.

A team of researchers using a combination of CT scans, DNA testing and archaeological information now believe his fate was sealed by the fact that his parents were brother and sister. His body was just not built to last.

Sherlock

Enormous Gallo-Roman Temple Complex Unearthed Near Le Mans, France

Image
© Herve Paitier
The circular temple is younger than the main temple, and dated to the 2nd or 3rd century AD
Archaeologists have discovered a large Gallo-Roman religious complex located only a few kilometers from the ancient city of Le Mans. The ancient sanctuary is thought to have been an important pilgrimage area, visited by thousands to honor the gods.

The religious complex unearthed in Neuville-sur-Sarthe - about 5km north of Le Mans, France - is excavated by archaeologists from the French National Institute of Archaeological Research (INRAP) and dated to the 1st to 3rd century AD. Traces of the complex were first revealed on aerial photographs taken in 2003, when an long period of drought scorched much of the vegetation on the site, yet nobody anticipated its sheer size - the complex spans more than 4 acres.

The ancient sanctuary, clearly divided in three areas, contains several Gallo-Roman temples (fana) in various shapes - quadrangular, polygonal and circular - and sizes, linked by roads and galleries.

In the west, the main temple and five shrines are located. The temple (or fanum) is a 15m square structure characterized by a sanctuary, a central altar dedicated to the gods, surrounded by a gallery where the faithful would worship. The few architectural fragments discovered, suggest that it was a Corinthian style building with plaster wall paintings. The structures are surrounded by a 60m by 40m quadrangular brick wall enclosure (or temenos).

Telescope

Super-volcano erupts in outer galaxy, similar to Icelandic volcano on Earth

volcano seen erupting at M87 galaxy
© Manikandan Raman / NASA website
New huge volcano seen erupting at M87 galaxy

A galactic super-volcano is erupting in massive galaxy M87 and blasting gas outwards, and NASA scientists view that the huge volcano in M87 is very similar to the recent Icelandic volcano that caused heavy air traffic disruptions across Europe.

Sherlock

Malware implicated in fatal Spanair plane crash

Computer monitoring system was infected with Trojan horse, authorities say

Authorities investigating the 2008 crash of Spanair flight 5022 have discovered a central computer system used to monitor technical problems in the aircraft was infected with malware.

An internal report issued by the airline revealed the infected computer failed to detect three technical problems with the aircraft, which if detected, may have prevented the plane from taking off, according to reports in the Spanish newspaper, El Pais.

Flight 5022 crashed just after takeoff from Madrid-Barajas International Airport two years ago today, killing 154 and leaving only 18 survivors.

Info

Radiocarbon Dating

What about carbon dating? Doesn't that give accurate dates of "prehistoric" civilizations?

Carbon dating is the ultimate benchmark of the evolutionary dating world. Everyone assumes that dates that follow the word "radiocarbon" are accurate, precise and sure. But are they?

The basic principle of radiocarbon dating is that plants and animals absorb trace amounts of radioactive carbon-14 from carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere while they are alive but stop doing so when they die. The carbon-14 in a sample decays at a steady rate after it dies, and thus works like a clock. It is assumed that the amount of radioactive carbon left in the sample indicates how old it is.

But there is a major problem with this method. It is based on several assumptions, one of which is false. For this method to work, the rate of production of carbon-14 in the atmosphere has to remain constant through time. In truth, however, the amount of carbon-14 in the atmosphere varies with fluctuations in solar activity and Earth's magnetic field, changes in atmospheric conditions and even the exploding of atomic bombs!

As a result, radiocarbon dating isn't so accurate: "Provided they are adjusted, radiocarbon dates are now considered reliable as far back as 5000 B.C.," writes archeologist and professor Martha Joukowsky in A Complete Manual of Field Archeology. "Since the dendrochronological sequence extends back only as far as about 5500 B.C., no way exists at present to check radiocarbon dates from 5500 to 10,000 B.C."

When comparing radiocarbon dates with dates derived from tree rings, known as dendrochronological dating, the dates only agree accurately as far back as A.D. 640, and only generally well back to the time of Christ. Anything further back and the dates are as much as 800 years off. So scientists made calibration charts to make up for the variation. But they still have to verify their calibrations with samples of known dates. There is still a problem!