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Wed, 27 Oct 2021
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Sherlock

Ancient Woman Suggests Diverse Migration

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© AP Photo/ Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History
This undated photo shows a scientific reconstruction of an ancient woman known as "La Mujer de las Palmas," based on the skeletal remains of a female who lived between 10,000 and 12,000 years ago in Tulum, Mexico.
A scientific reconstruction of one of the oldest sets of human remains found in the Americas appears to support theories that the first people who came to the hemisphere migrated from a broader area than once thought, researchers say.

Mexico's National Institute of Anthropology and History on Thursday released photos of the reconstructed image of a woman who probably lived on Mexico's Caribbean coast 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. She peeks out of the picture as a short, spry-looking woman with slightly graying hair.

Anthropologists had long believed humans migrated to the Americas in a relatively short period from a limited area in northeast Asia across a temporary land corridor that opened across the Bering Strait during an ice age.

But government archaeologist Alejandro Terrazas says the picture has now become more complicated, because the reconstruction more resembles people from southeastern Asian areas like Indonesia.

"History isn't that simple," Terrazas said. "This indicates that the Americas were populated by several migratory movements, not just one or two waves from northern Asia across the Bering Strait."

Some outside experts caution that the evidence is not conclusive.

Magnify

Ancient City of Petra Tombs Reveal 61 Burials and Islamic Gold Medallion

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© David Johnson
Inside this tomb archaeologists found a gold medallion, with an Islamic inscription, that may have been used to ward off evil. Outside they found the remains of a stone platform that can be seen in this photo.
Archaeologists have made two major tomb discoveries at the ancient city of Petra in southern Jordan.

They discovered a rock-cut tomb that contained the skeletal remains of 61 individuals, along with a wealth of wooden artefacts, animal bones and ceramics.

The second discovery was made at a place called tomb 676. While excavating it archaeologists found a gold medallion with an Islamic inscription on it. The find dates to long after the tomb was abandoned.

"This object was placed in the tomb in a later period - perhaps as a way of warding off evil coming from the tomb," said Professor David Johnson, of Brigham Young University in Utah, who led the team that made both tomb finds. He has been working in Petra for nearly three decades.

Each of the tombs date back about 2,000 years, to a time when the city was prosperous. At that time Petra was ruled by a people called the Nabataeans - an Arabic people who made the city the centre of their kingdom. Petra's location made it a natural place to do business with people coming from Arabia and elsewhere in the Middle East.

Sherlock

Evidence of Human Sacrifices Found on Peru's Northern Coast

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© Reuters
Anthropologist researcher Maria Del Pilar Fortunic looks at a wall that is being examined for being built in the pre-Columbian time, San Lorenzo's island
An ancient ceremonial ground used by a Pre-Columbian civilisation for human sacrifices has been uncovered on Peru's northern coast, archaeologists said on Thursday.

The discovery appears to reinforce prevailing theories about a ceremony known as "the presentation" that was carried out by the Moche people, an agricultural civilisation that flourished between 100 BC and 800 AD.

Carlos Wester La Torre, director of the Bruning Museum in Peru and a leader of the dig, said the ceremonial site likely hosted ritual killings of prisoners of war.

Photographs taken at the site show more than half a dozen skeletons on the floor of the hall.

"There was a great ceremonial hall or passage integrated into the rest of the architecture that establishes the presence of certain figures of the Moche elite and also the practice of complex rituals such as human sacrifice," Mr Wester told Reuters.

Sherlock

Evidence Suggests Chinese Civilization Even More Ancient

Objects from the Taosi ruins in Shanxi Province that suggest Chinese civilization began around 4200 B.C., 500 years earlier than scholars had previously believed, will be displayed in the Capital Museum from July 29 to Oct. 10.

The Capital Museum and the Archaeology Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences will hold an archaeological exhibition containing the major achievements of the Archaeology Institute in the past 60 years and 70 percent of the content will be exhibited to the public for the first time.

It is generally believed that Chinese civilization began with the Xia Dynasty.

However, recent archaeological discoveries at the Taosi ruins in Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province suggest the elements that form a civilization, including written characters, bronze ware and cities, all emerged as early as the Yao Dynasty.

Sherlock

Footprint Fossils Analyzed for Ancient Human Gait

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© Suzi Rosenberg/Flickr
Out in the Kenyan desert, a trail of extremely old footprints are etched into sedimentary rock -- a memory of early humans and how they moved.

Created around 1.5 million years ago, these are the oldest footprints that look like those made by modern humans. A team of scientists, including Brian Richmond from George Washington University, discovered these precious fossilized prints in dried mud in 2009.

Now Richmond is working on comparing the gait and foot structure of modern humans to the collection of ancient footprints.

As Richmond told NPR in an interview about his work, these footprints provide rare insight into understanding the evolution of human locomotion.
"A fossilized footprint is basically fossilized behavior," Richmond said. 'It shows you what the individual did 1.5 million years ago that instant in time." And what do those prints tell Richmond? "Sure enough, they were walking with a long stride, they had an arch in the foot the way we have."
These adaptations -- long legs and arches in our feet -- represent major differences between us and our distant primate relatives including gorillas, chimps and bonobos.

Control Panel

Quantum Time Machine "Allows Paradox-Free Time Travel"

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© Univeral Studios
How the quantum time machine may look. Or, possibly, a still from Back to the Future.
Quantum physicists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology believe it is possible to create a time machine which could affect the past without creating a "grandfather paradox."

Scientists have for some years been able to 'teleport' quantum states from one place to another. Now Seth Lloyd and his MIT team say that, using the same principles and a further strange quantum effect known as 'post-selection', it should be possible to do the same backwards in time. Lloyd told the Technology Review: "It is possible for particles (and, in principle, people) to tunnel from the future to the past."

Post-selection is a vital part of the nascent science of quantum computing. In traditional computing, if a user needs to determine which set of variables in an equation leads to the answer being true, the computer must try every combination until it hits upon one that works. In quantum computing, due to the weird parallel behavior of subatomic particles, it seems to be possible to simplify the procedure by running all possible variations simultaneously, and selecting only the combinations that make the answer true.

Professor Lloyd and his team say that, by combining teleportation and post-selection, it would be possible to carry out the quantum teleportation effect in reverse; that is, to decide after the teleportation what the quantum state must have been before it. This works as post-selection allows you to dictate which quantum states can be teleported, limiting what state it can have been in before the teleportation. The state of the particle post-teleportation has therefore, in effect, traveled back in time.

Laptop

We're running out of internet addresses

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© AFP/Getty Images
Experts warn we may run out of internet addresses within a year.

Don't panic, but we're running out of internet addresses.

Not domain names -- those website names that you see at the top of this page and which always start with some semblance of "http://" and "www."

We've got plenty of those.

But, according to statements from prominent internet thinkers this week, we may run out of internet protocol -- or IP -- addresses in less than a year.

Radar

Boffins Develop Greenhouse Invisible to Night-Vision Goggles

'Glass cloak' would show up on thermal imagers, though

Boffins in the States say they have designed a "glass cloak" which renders objects within it invisible in the infrared spectrum.

Prof Elena Semouchkina and her colleagues developed the "cloak", which reportedly bends micron wavelengths around its interior. Micron-length waves are in the near infrared, the part of the electromagnetic spectrum used by ordinary night-vision goggles.

Previous invisibility cloak research has tended to focus on metallic "metamaterials", but Semouchkina and her colleagues' design calls for magnetic resonator metamaterial made of chalcogenide dielectric glass.

Info

"Fresh" Crater Found in Egypt; Changes Impact Risk?

Kamil Crater
© Museo Nazionale dell'Antartide Università di Siena
Geophysicists work in the newfound Kamil crater in an undated picture.
A small impact crater discovered in the Egyptian desert could change estimates for impact hazards to our planet, according to a new study.

One of the best preserved craters yet found on Earth, the Kamil crater was initially discovered in February during a survey of satellite images on Google Earth. Researchers think the crater formed within the past couple thousand years.

The Italian-Egyptian team that found the crater in pictures recently visited and studied the 147-foot-wide (45-meter-wide), 52-foot-deep (16-meter-deep) hole. The team also collected thousands of pieces of the space rock that littered the surrounding desert.

Based on their calculations, the team thinks that a 4.2-foot-wide (1.3-meter-wide) solid iron meteor weighing 2,267 to 4,535 pounds (5,000 to 10,000 kilograms) smashed into the desert - nearly intact - at speeds exceeding 2.1 miles (3.5 kilometers) a second.

There are no hard numbers for how many meteors this size might currently be on a collision course with Earth, but scientists think the potential threats could be in the tens of thousands.

Question

Sister monument to Stonehenge may have been found

Stonehenge
© Dave Caulkin, AP
This is a Sept. 15, 2004. file photo of tourists looking at The Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain in England. Scientists scouring the area around Stonehenge said Thursday July 22, 2010 they have uncovered the foundations of a second circular structure only a few hundred meters (yards) from the world famous monument.
Scientists scouring the area around Stonehenge said Thursday they have uncovered a circular structure only a few hundred meters (yards) from the world famous monument.

There's some debate about what exactly has been found. The survey team which uncovered the structure said it could be the foundation for a circle of freestanding pieces of timber, a wooden version of Stonehenge.

But Tim Darvill, a professor of archaeology at Bournemouth University in southern England, expressed skepticism, saying he believed it was more likely a barrow, or prehistoric tomb.

Darvill did say that the circle was one of an expanding number of discoveries being made around Stonehenge which "really shows how much there is still to learn and how extensive the site really was."

"In its day Stonehenge was at the center of the largest ceremonial center in Europe," he said.

The stonehenge that is visible today is thought to have been completed about 3,500 years ago, although the first earthwork henge on the site was probably built more than 5,000 yeas ago.