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Stars Form At Record Speeds


Science Daily
Sat, 07 Feb 2009 20:52 UTC
Orion-KL region
© NASA, ESA, Robberto (STScI/ESA), Orion Treasury Project Team
The level of star-forming activity in the Orion-KL region (marked by the rectangle) in the Orion nebula is comparable to that of the central region of J1148+5251, but confined to a much smaller volume of space.

When galaxies are born, do their stars form everywhere at once, or only within a small core region? Recent measurements of an international team led by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy provide the first concrete evidence that star-forming regions in infant galaxies are indeed small - but also hyperactive, producing stars at astonishingly high rates.

Galaxies, including our own Milky Way, consist of hundreds of billions of stars. How did such gigantic galactic systems come into being? Did a central region with stars first form then with time grow? Or did the stars form at the same time throughout the entire galaxy? An international team led by researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy is now much closer to being able to answer these questions.
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Info

Large Hadron Collider may start up again in September

Matthew Chalmers
New Scientist
Sat, 07 Feb 2009 20:09 UTC
Large Hadron Collider's ring
© CERN
A worker prepares a replacement magnet for the Large Hadron Collider's ring.

After spending a week in the French town of Chamonix thrashing out technical and logistical arguments (and fitting in the odd afternoon of skiing), 120 or so physicists from the CERN laboratory near Geneva have recommended a schedule for the restart of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

They say the 27-km machine will be ready for its first proton collisions at low energies in late 2009, and that it should be operated through the winter until autumn 2010 with a collision energy of 10 TeV to ensure the experiments collect enough data to get some new physics results.

Given that the LHC consumes as much electrical power as all the households in the region around Geneva, that will land CERN with an additional €8 million electricity bill if the recommendations from the Chamonix workshop are accepted by the lab's management on Monday.
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Blackbox

What's the point of being warm-blooded?

Nick Lane
New Scientist
Sat, 07 Feb 2009 18:41 UTC
Image
© Ted Kinsman / Photolibrary.com
Couldn't the food that warm-blooded animals burn to stay toasty be put to better use?

If you stopped eating today, you wouldn't survive more than two months. A crocodile, on the other hand, might live for a year or more. Why the difference? You waste most of the food you eat generating heat.

The evolution of warm-bloodedness, or endothermy, is one of life's great mysteries. Sure, there are some advantages - staying active in the cold, keeping young cosy and warm, and avoiding having to go out into the open to soak up heat from the sun.

The thing is, you could get much the same advantages by turning up the heat only when and where in the body it is needed, as many animals do. So why do most birds and mammals keep the furnaces burning 24/7? Staying warm - which for birds means 40 °C on average - comes at a price. Some warm-blooded animals have to eat as much in one day as similarly sized reptiles do in a month, a dangerous and time-consuming strategy.
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Info

How the fetal brain wires up for action


New Scientist
Sat, 07 Feb 2009 17:28 UTC
Before a fetus is born, its brain undergoes the complex process of refining the connections between its different regions. Now a computer model is showing us how.

Although our genes provide an initial blueprint for the way different neurons connect together, the developing brain must still refine the wiring and prune out any redundant connections. "It's a big challenge to have a system that is ready by the time of birth so that newborns can begin experiencing the world right away," says Jean-Philippe Thivierge from Indiana University, Bloomington.

Neuroscientists suspect the brain achieves this by sending out waves of spontaneous electrical activity that cascade across groups of neurons, helping it to scout out the relative positions of neurons and forge the most efficient network.
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Health

Wireless RFID tag flags Alzheimer's

Darleen Hartley
ITExaminer
Tue, 03 Feb 2009 16:43 UTC
A device developed by researchers at the University of South Florida (USF) may help identify patients with early dementia. Most dementia is not detected until memory loss has already occurred. Symptoms are very subtle and usually overlooked. The RFID transponder evaluates the way people walk. Researchers were looking for unusual walking patterns that might indicate impending Alzheimer's Disease .

An RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) tag is a microchip attached to an antenna that sends signals to, and receives signals from, a reader. Each tag has a unique serial number, but can contain other information, such as a patient's name. Tags come in many forms. The ones used in this test were part of a small device the patients wore on their wrist. Signals indicating the patient's movements in three spatial dimensions were captured by receivers in their care facility. The tendency to wander, veer suddenly, or pause frequently can be an indication of cognitive decline.
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Crusader

Why the Catholic church can't ignore science

Lawrence Krauss
New Scientist
Fri, 06 Feb 2009 16:59 UTC
Piazza San Pietro and St Peter's Basilica Rome, Italy
© Johannes Simon / WestEnd61 / Rex
Piazza San Pietro and St Peter's Basilica Rome, Italy

In December, with great fanfare, the Vatican released Dignitas Personae, its latest report on bioethics. Sad to say, the document demonstrates once more that a morality rooted in outdated, pre-scientific understanding is not appropriate to modern realities.

I refer not to the hot-button issues of abortion or stem cell research but to the Catholic church's continued opposition to a decidedly pro-life medical intervention: in vitro fertilisation. The moral basis of the Vatican's opposition seems to be twofold: that only conception achieved through the sexual union of a man and a woman is sacred, and that the fertilised cell that results from such a union has a soul and therefore the dignity of a person.

Even before IVF was attempted, the Catholic church opposed it with the suggestion, as I understand it, that a baby conceived by this method would not have a soul. This objection was dropped after the first IVF babies were born and found to be like all other babies, growing up to be normal human beings indistinguishable from their non-IVF counterparts.

But while empirical evidence is the basis of science, faith has different foundations. The pope remains opposed to IVF on the grounds that sexual union is sacred, and therefore only conception achieved through sexual union accords sufficient dignity to the end product. I have to wonder, though, whose dignity is enhanced by withholding medically viable methods that have allowed infertile couples, now numbering in the millions, to conceive and give birth to children they will love.
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Display

Barack Obama Comes to Street Fighter Video Game

Keane Ng
The Escapist
Sat, 07 Feb 2009 11:59 UTC
Obama fighter
© Unknown
Obama character in Street Fighter video game.
No, he's not unlockable in Street Fighter 4, sadly. But he's going to be playable in the oddball Japan-only Street Fighter Online: Mouse Generation, and it looks like he can sling fireballs with the best of them.

Sporting a debonair tuxedo and cartoonishly big teeth (yeah, I don't know), Obama seems like a force to be reckoned with in Street Fighter Online. You can make him say "YES WE CAN" in a gigantic word bubble, and he's got a standard fireball attack too. He also looks like he's been training with Balrog - Virtua Fighter 2 looking graphics aside, this version of the Commander In Chief is decidedly beefy. He'll be arriving in the game on Valentine's Day as part of a promotion that also includes playable chocolate figurine chracters and a Zangief who has what look like clam shells for shoulder guards?

Comment: This brings a disturbing example of the development surrounding Obama's popularity: books written by Obama, posters/t-shirts of him, his appearance in Spider-Man comic books, and school and streets named after him. And now, he's in a video game, throwing fireballs?

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Meteor

Cosmic Dust Interferes with Astronomical Observations


The Hindu News
Sat, 07 Feb 2009 11:30 UTC
Space dust interferes with the observation of distant stars and annoys astronomers just as much as the household variety does.

"We not only do not know what the stuff is, but we do not know where it is made or how it gets into space," said Donald York, professor in astronomy at the University of Chicago.

But now York and University of Toledo's Adolf Witt and their collaborators have observed a double-star system that displays all the characteristics that astronomers suspect are associated with dust production.
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Magnify

Oldest Human Hair Discovered in Fossilized Hyena Poop


Thaindian News
Sat, 07 Feb 2009 10:46 UTC
A new study has suggested that strands discovered in fossil hyena poop found in a South African cave, could be the oldest known human hairs.

According to a report in National Geographic News, researchers discovered the rock-hard hyena dung near the Sterkfontein caves, where many early human ancestor fossils have been found.

Each white, round fossil turd, or coprolite, is roughly 0.8 inch (2 centimeters) across. They were found embedded in sediments 195,000 to 257,000 years old.
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Footprints

Are We Bringing Our Germs to Mars?

Bryan Walsh
Time
Thu, 05 Feb 2009 04:52 UTC
Star Trek fans know it as the Prime Directive: that there should be no interference with the internal affairs of other civilizations. (Given the frequency with which captains Kirk, Picard, et. al., violate it, however, the Prime Directive seems more like a Prime Suggestion.) Since human beings have yet to explore very far beyond Earth, pondering an interplanetary noninterference policy of our own may seem a little premature - at least until we've mastered warp drives and phasers.

But in fact, such a directive already exists in some form - the international Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which governs the legal framework for activities in space. Best known for banning governments from putting nuclear weapons into orbit, the treaty also requires space-faring nations to avoid "harmful contamination" of other worlds while exploring the solar system. Human beings have yet to set foot on other planets, so the risk today comes from bacteria that can hitch a ride on unmanned spacecraft like NASA's Mars Phoenix Lander, which arrived on the red planet's surface last May. (See pictures of the Mars Rover's five years in space.)
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