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Fri, 15 Oct 2021
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Archaeologists Stumble Upon Ancient Necropolises During Stadium Reconstruction

Tumbe Kafe Stadium
© BalkanTravellers.com
Tumbe Kafe Stadium
During the reconstruction works of the Tumbe Kafe stadium and recreational zone in Macedonia's south-western town of Bitola, archaeologists have found necropolises, most likely dating to the third century.

"All construction activities have been halted in order to examine the artefacts. The skeletons might belong to Christians, but the possibility of their being pagan is not ruled out either. It is believed that necropolises originate from the third century, because the deceased had been buried underground since," archaeologist Gordana Filipovska-Lazarovska told national media today.

Telescope

Rocky Mounds and a Plateau on Mars

Image
© ESA/DLR/FU Berlin
The region around Magellan Crater stretches across 190 x 112 km, and covers an area of about 21 280 sq km, which is roughly the size of Slovenia.
When Mars Express set sail for the crater named after Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, it found a windblown plateau and mysterious rocky mounds nearby.

Stretching across 190 x 112 km, this region of Mars covers an area of about 21 280 sq km, which is roughly the size of Slovenia. It is located to the southwest of the volcanic region Tharsis on the southern highlands of Mars, near the crater Magellan.

Named after the famous Portuguese navigator and explorer Ferdinand Magellan, the impact crater is about 100 km across. Only a small portion of the crater rim is visible in this image, sitting at the lower right, because the Mars Express High-Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) has zeroed in on some intriguing features nearby.

Telescope

New Theory for Magnetic Stripes on Mars

Image
© NASA
This global map uses colors to represent the strength and direction of the magnetic field caused by crustal magnetization.
A controversial new theory has been proposed to explain a series of stripes of permanently magnetized minerals containing iron in the Martian crust. The magnetized stripes, which have alternating orientations, have intrigued scientists since their discovery in 1997.

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) began orbiting almost 400 km above the surface of Mars in 1997, and its magnetometer began sending signals back to Earth, which revealed the presence of the magnetized stripes. The latest research, led by Ken Sprenke and Daisuke Kobayashi of the University of Idaho in Moscow, Idaho, theorizes the stripes were created as a result of ancient hotspots beneath the planet's crust.

The theory, published in Icarus, is that sub-surface hotspots caused material to rise to the surface from the interior, and the mineral was then magnetized with the field present at the time. Sprenke noted that on Earth the Hawaiian Islands were probably created by hotspots moving slowly below the hard crust, leaving parallel magnetized tracks. He said there could have been dozens of hotspots in the first few hundred million years of Mars's existence, when the molten iron in the planet's core was probably acting as a dynamo.

Magnify

Ebola and Marburg Viruses May Be Much Older Than Thought

Image
© Russell Regnery/CDC
Negative stain image of an isolate of Marburg virus, showing filamentous particles as well as the characteristic "Shepherd's Crook". Magnification approximately 100,000 times.
New research on the DNA of wallabies, rodents, a number of mammals and bats has found it is likely the ancestors of the Ebola and lesser-known Marburg viruses were in existence tens of millions of years ago, which is much earlier than previously thought.

The Ebola and Marburg viruses are known as "filoviruses," and result in life-threatening hemorrhaging in humans and other primates. Outbreaks occur in remote locations in Africa, and while rare they cause high fatality rates, and seem to appear out of nowhere. There are no effective treatments, and no vaccines.

It was previously thought that filoviruses were probably about 10,000 years old, with this figure based on the estimated mutation rate. The new research, by evolutionary biologist Derek Taylor and a team from the State University of New York in Buffalo, has used a different method to estimate their age.

Telescope

"Shocking" Superstorm Seen on Exoplanet

Image
© L. Calçada/ESO
The exoplanet HD209458b orbits around its host star in an artist's impression.
Global tempest has speeds of up to 6,200 miles an hour.

A never-before-seen global superstorm has been spotted on a planet outside our solar system, a new study says.

Record-breaking supersonic winds are blasting through the atmosphere of the hot gas giant HD209458b, which orbits a distant star.

By studying the "fingerprints" of carbon monoxide gases racing between the planet's day and night sides, astronomers are getting a rare glimpse into the storm.

"We were shocked to find that the resulting pressure and temperatures differences between the hotter light side and cooler dark side triggers such fierce winds," said study leader Ignas Snellen, an astronomer at Leiden Observatory in the Netherlands.

Control Panel

Texas Leads the Pack in Wind Power Generation

Image
© AP Photo
The race to develop alternative energy sources to offset traditional ones has been intensifying as states look to take advantage of federal incentives. Wind energy in particular is quickly becoming a hot new market, and none other than Texas is ahead of the game in this particular sector.

Texas tops Iowa, Washington and California in wind energy generation, harboring a capacity of nearly 10,000 megawatts in 2009. According to data, roughly five percent of Texas energy is now produced by wind, an impressive statistic considering that it has been achieved in less than a decade.

When Texas first deregulated electricity in 1999, it established a requirement that 2,000 megawatts of power be derived from wind by 2009. It was the first state to make such a move. Texas achieved - and exceeded - this goal by 2005, and is set to reach production of 10,000 megawatts of renewable energy by 2025.

Magnify

"Copy and Paste DNA" More Common than Previously Thought

Researchers at the University of Leicester have demonstrated that movable sequences of DNA, which give rise to genetic variability and sometimes cause specific diseases, are far more common than previously thought.

In a paper published in the leading journal Cell, Dr Richard Badge and his collaborators examined L1 (or LINE-1) retrotransposons: DNA sequences which can 'copy and paste' their genetic code around the genome. By breaking up genes, L1s can be responsible for some rare instances of genetic disease.

Working in collaboration with colleagues from the Universities of Michigan and Washington and the HHMI, the researchers developed an innovative technique to find L1s, using short sequences of DNA called fosmids. These are free-floating loops of DNA, which can be easily transported into bacterial cells, and can carry pieces of human DNA.

Saturn

Venus Home to Lost Cities Left by Long-Dead Aliens, Says ESA

VenusWeather
© The Register
OK, so where's the ruined city built by the aeons-dead Venusians?
Well, it was strongly implied

Venus could once have been a living world with watery surface oceans, according to the European Space Agency. The ESA says that data from its Venus Express probe in orbit above the second planet indicates that it "may even have begun its existence as a habitable planet similar to Earth".

Sheeple

Twitter Ye Not

Twitter
© Alamy
How many times do you click on your email icon in a day? Or look at Facebook, or Twitter? And how many times when reading on the internet do you click on a link navigating away from the text that was the original object of your enquiry? The web, it seems, is like an electronic sweet shop, forever tempting us in different directions. But does this mental promiscuity, this tendency to flit around online, make us, well, thicker?

The power of modern electronic media - the net, mobile telephones and video games - to capture the attention of the human mind, particularly the young mind, and then distract it has lately become a subject of concern. We are, say the worriers, losing the ability to apply ourselves properly to a single task, like reading a book in its entirety or mastering a piece of music on an instrument, with the result that our thinking is becoming shallower. Sir Tom Stoppard aired a version of this view last week when he warned that the printed page was in danger of being "swept away" on a tide of technology, with the moving image assuming ever-greater precedence in the lives of young people.
"I am aware, as everybody has to be, that there's more competition for one's attention nowadays," he said. "The printed word is no longer as in demand as when I was of the age of pupils, or even at the age of the teachers teaching them."
It was not a question of new media bad, old media good, he added, but the trend was there. And he is in good company. Barack Obama remarked of his over-fondness for tinkering with his BlackBerry: "Information becomes a distraction, a diversion, a form of entertainment, rather than a tool of empowerment."

Bad Guys

The New Agent Orange? Scientists Sound Alarm on Toxic Sand in Afghanistan

Politics Daily reported Friday that scientists have found signs of another potential threat to our soldiers in Afghanistan: high levels of environmental toxins that can cause brain damage.

As investigative reporter Sheila Kaplan found:
American forces in Afghanistan, who already face roadside bombs and insurgent attacks, may be dealing with an environmental enemy as well -- toxic sand that can damage their brains, according to a recent Navy study.
...

The Navy said the findings are preliminary and that so far no definitive link has been found between the inhalation of sand and brain damage. Still, the study followed reports that returning soldiers from Afghanistan and Iraq are experiencing impairments such as memory loss and difficulty concentrating, which may not always be attributable to traumatic brain injuries.
Kaplan, a Fellow at the Nation Institute who specializes in environmental journalism, also reported on the dangerous toxic metals that Navy researchers found. "The research team analyzed sand samples from Afghanistan, and found manganese, silicon, iron, magnesium, aluminum, chromium and trace elements. Manganese, on its own, is considered a potent neurotoxicant capable of damaging the brain and causing Parkinsons-like symptoms. They are also studying sand from Iraq," Kaplan noted. "Troops caught in sandstorms may inhale toxic particles, which can be carried to the brain, lungs and other organs."