Science & TechnologyS


Einstein

Physicists Create BlackMax To Search For Extra Dimensions In The Universe


Science Daily
Mon, 10 Nov 2008 17:39 UTC
A team of theoretical and experimental physicists, with participants from Case Western Reserve University, have designed a new black hole simulator called BlackMax to search for evidence that extra dimensions might exist in the universe.

Black holes are theorized to be regions in space where the gravitational field is so strong that nothing can escape its pull after crossing what is called the event horizon. BlackMax simulates these regions.
Image
© iStockphoto/Christophe RollandBlack holes are theorized to be regions in space where the gravitational field is so strong that nothing can escape its pull after crossing what is called the event horizon. BlackMax simulates these regions.

Approximately two years in the making, the computer program enables physicists to test theories about the production and decay of black holes and takes into account new types of effects on both the creation and evaporation of black holes at the new Large Hadron Collider (LHC) currently being commissioned at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland.
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Magnify

Welsh scientists develop bionic HIV assassins

Madeleine Brindley
WalesOnline
Sun, 09 Nov 2008 15:55 UTC
Welsh scientists have developed cutting-edge "bionic assassins" to seek out and destroy the HIV virus.

A team from Cardiff University has discovered a way to genetically engineer the body's own immune cells in a breakthrough which could revolutionise the treatment of HIV.

Experts at the university also hope that the breakthrough could be applied to cancer by finding a way of using the body's own immune cells to attack invading cancer cells and tumours.
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R2-D2

Honda unveils leg assist machine for elderly


Agence-France Presse
Sun, 09 Nov 2008 23:16 UTC
Image
© Yoshikazu Tsuno/AFP/Getty ImagesAn engineer from Japan's auto giant Honda Motor demonstrates a walking assist device with bodyweight support system at the company's headquarters in Tokyo on November 7, 2008.


TOKYO - Honda Motor, a pioneer of humanoid robots, on Friday unveiled a new walking assist machine designed to make it easier for the elderly to climb stairs and help factory workers.

The computerised leg device is the latest addition to walking technology developed by the Japanese automaker, which announced the world's first two-legged walking robot, ASIMO, in 2000.
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Info

The Recycled Cell-Phone Trap

Rachael King
BusinessWeek
Mon, 03 Nov 2008 19:02 UTC
The sales director of a large Japanese company thought he was doing a good deed when he donated his BlackBerry for recycling. But later a group of British and Australian researchers discovered the device and found it still contained sensitive data, including bank account numbers, a business plan for his organization, and the identity of his main customers.

Indeed, a September 2008 survey of 160 mobiles by the researchers - a team from British Telecom (BT), Wales' University of Glamorgan, and Australia's Edith Cowan University - found that one in five mobile communications devices still held sensitive information. BlackBerrys (RIMM) contained the most, with 43% of those examined harboring data that could be considered a threat to the individual or the organization.

On Oct. 31, the EPA released new guidelines for annihilating all data on mobile devices, and businesses have even more reason to take notice of their cell phones' potential threat to confidentiality - and do something about it.
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Sun

Half-life (more or less)

Davide Castelvecchi
Science News
Sun, 09 Nov 2008 06:10 UTC
Physicists are stirred by claims that the sun may change what's unchangeable - the rate of radioactive decay

It's nuclear physics 101: Radioactivity proceeds at its own pace. Each type of radioactive isotope, be it plutonium-238 or carbon-14, changes into another isotope or element at a specific, universal, immutable rate. This much has been known for more than a century, since Ernest Rutherford defined the notion of half-life - the time it takes for half of the atoms in a radioactive sample to transmute into something else. So when researchers suggested in August that the sun causes variations in the decay rates of isotopes of silicon, chlorine, radium and manganese, the physics community reacted with curiosity, but mostly with skepticism.
Sun
© SOHO (ESA & NASA)THE SOURCE-Physicists have responded with curiosity and skepticism to reports that the sun causes variations in the decay rates of some isotopes.

In one experiment, a team at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind., was monitoring a chunk of manganese-54 inside a radiation detector box to precisely measure the isotope's half-life. At 9:37 p.m. on December 12, 2006, the instruments recorded a dip in radioactivity. At the same time, satellites on the day side of the Earth detected X-rays coming from the sun, signaling the beginning of a solar flare.

The sun's atmosphere was spewing out matter, some of which would reach Earth the day after. Charged particles would contort the planet's magnetic field, disrupt satellite communications and pose a threat to astronauts on the International Space Station.
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Info

How Body Determines Optimal Amount Of Germ-fighting B Cells


Science Daily
Sun, 09 Nov 2008 00:27 UTC
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine can now explain how the body determines whether there are enough mature B-cells in the blood stream at any one time. These are the cells that produce antibodies against germs to fight infections.
Molecular crosstalk between two B-cell surface receptors (green, Y-shaped B-cell receptor
© Michael P. Cancro, PhD, University of Pennsylvania School of MedicineMolecular crosstalk between two B-cell surface receptors (green, Y-shaped B-cell receptor and orange cylinder-shaped BLyS receptor) balances the need to have enough B cells to drive a healthy immune response while at the same time guarding against autoimmunity.

"There is a steady state number of B cells that is considered normal for humans," says senior author Michael P. Cancro, PhD, Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. "We found that molecular crosstalk between two receptors on the surface of B cells balances the need to have enough B cells to make good immune responses, while at the same time guarding against autoimmunity."
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Telescope

Pool Of Distant Galaxies: Deepest Ultraviolet Image Of The Universe Yet


Science Daily
Sat, 08 Nov 2008 23:59 UTC
This uniquely beautiful patchwork image, with its myriad of brightly coloured galaxies, shows the Chandra Deep Field South (CDF-S), arguably the most observed and best studied region in the entire sky. The CDF-S is one of the two regions selected as part of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS), an effort of the worldwide astronomical community that unites the deepest observations from ground- and space-based facilities at all wavelengths from X-ray to radio.
Chandra Deep Field South, observed in the U-, B-, and R-bands
© ESO/ Mario Nonino, Piero Rosati and the ESO GOODS TeamThe Chandra Deep Field South, observed in the U-, B-, and R-bands with ESO's VIMOS and WFI instruments. The U-band VIMOS observations were made over a period of 40 hours and constitute the deepest image ever taken from the ground in the U-band. The image covers a region of 14.1 x 21.6 arcmin on the sky and shows galaxies that are 1 billion times fainter than can be seen by the unaided eye. The VIMOS R-band image was assembled by the ESO/GOODS team from archival data, while the WFI B-band image was produced by the GABODS team.

Its primary purpose is to provide astronomers with the most sensitive census of the distant Universe to assist in their study of the formation and evolution of galaxies.
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Telescope

Moon volcanic activity unexpected


Reuters
Sat, 08 Nov 2008 23:17 UTC
High-resolution photographs capturing the far side of the moon have revealed more recent volcanic activity than previously thought, geologists in Japan have found.

Details of volcanic activity on the moon, or anywhere at all, help researchers understand the origin and evolution of the place. The moon's far side has long intrigued some people as it is that part of the lunar hemisphere permanently turned away from the earth.
Moon
© UnknownThe Moon.

In an article published in Science, the Japanese experts said their Terrain camera mounted on the Japanese SELENE satellite managed to take detailed shots of the moon's far side.
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Sherlock

Researchers Uncover Genetic Legacy of Lost Phoenician Civilization

Isabel Cowles
Finding Dulcinea
Tue, 04 Nov 2008 23:02 UTC
Byblos
© Hussein Malla/Associated PressByblos: the Phoenician port city
Researchers have discovered that one in seventeen men living in the Mediterranean has genetic ties to the Phoenicians, the lost people of Carthage.

Carthage destroyed, but Phoenicians live on

Recent genetic research has indicated that one in seventeen men living around the Mediterranean can trace his genetic heritage to the ancient Phoenicians.

The Phoenicians founded the city of Carthage, which was located in modern-day Lebanon. In the first millennium B.C.E. they prospered as sailors and traders, spreading their genes through colonization and migrations that went as far as Spain and North Africa.
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Info

Social Interactions Can Alter Gene Expression In Brain, And Vice Versa


Science Daily
Fri, 07 Nov 2008 18:41 UTC
Our DNA determines a lot about who we are and how we play with others, but recent studies of social animals (birds and bees, among others) show that the interaction between genes and behavior is more of a two-way street than most of us realize.

This is not a new idea to neuroscience, but one that is gaining strength, said University of Illinois entomology and neuroscience professor Gene Robinson, lead author of a review on the subject this week in the journal Science. Stanford University biology professor Russell Fernald and Illinois cell and developmental biology and neuroscience professor David Clayton are co-authors.
zebra finch or canary
© Sarah LondonClayton discovered in 1992 that gene expression changes in the brain of a zebra finch or canary when it hears a new song from a male of the same species.

Genes in the brain are malleable, turning on or off in response to internal and external cues. While genetic variation influences brain function and social behavior, the authors write, social information also alters gene expression in the brain to influence behavior.
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