Science & TechnologyS


Sun

Solar cycle may drive Venice's floods

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© Jodi Cobb/NGS/GettySpots on the sun? You're risking a wet one
If you want to see Venice while keeping your feet dry, don't go when the sun has lots of spots. Peaks in solar activity cause the city to flood more often, apparently by changing the paths of storms over Europe.

Several times a year, but most commonly between October and December, Venice is hit by an exceptional tide called the acqua alta. David Barriopedro at the University of Lisbon, Portugal, and colleagues were intrigued by studies showing the tides followed an 11-year cycle, just like the sun, showing peaks when the sunspots were most abundant. They looked at hourly observations of sea level between 1948 and 2008, which confirmed that the number of extreme tides followed peaks in the solar cycle (Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, DOI: link).

Records of air pressure over Europe over the same period revealed "acqua alta years" saw a lot of low-pressure systems over the north Adriatic Sea, while in quiet years these systems were further south.

Sun

Nasa says large CME on Sun headed for Earth: Expected Arrival August 3rd

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On Sunday, NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory detected a complex magnetic eruption on the sun. The NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) also spotted a large coronal mass ejection (CME) The eruption happened around (3:50 am EST), the SDO detected a C3 class solar flare originating from a group of sunspots (called sunspot 1092). The flare itself was not that large, but the filament located about 70,000 miles away erupted at the same time.

A filament is a large, bright feature extending outward from the Sun's surface, often in a loop shape. Filament is anchored to the Sun's surface in the photosphere, and extends outward into the Sun's corona. It is a long magnetic structure rising above the surface of the sun, filled with cool plasma. The flare and filament erupted at the same time, this suggests they are connected by long-range magnetic field lines. Some believe the flare may have accelerated the eruption of the filament. Eventually, a giant magnetic bubble of plasma broke and blasted out into space.

Sun

Complex Eruption on the Sun Sends Coronal Mass Ejection toward Earth

This morning around 0855 UT, Earth orbiting satellites detected a C3-class solar flare. The origin of the blast was sunspot 1092. At about the same time, an enormous magnetic filament stretching across the sun's northern hemisphere erupted. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded the action:
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© SOHO

The timing of these events suggest they are connected, and a review of SDO movies strengthens that conclusion. Despite the ~400,000 km distance between them, the sunspot and filament seem to erupt together; they are probably connected by long-range magnetic fields. In this movie (171 Å), a shadowy shock wave (a "solar tsunami") can be seen emerging from the flare site and rippling across the northern hemisphere into the filament's eruption zone. That may have helped propel the filament into space.

In short, we have just witnessed a complex global eruption involving almost the entire Earth-facing side of the sun.

Info

Check Out the First Step to a Star Trek-Style Universal Translator

Translator
© io9Star Trek translator.
War-zones such as Afghanistan never have enough interpreters, often forcing soldiers to rely on nonverbal communication that's easily misunderstood. Three new devices solve that by automatically translating one language to another - and you can see it in action!

The National Institute of Standards and Technology have been testing translation devices for the last four years. Three systems created by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency have made the leap from relatively clunky microphones and laptops to something that can work on a regular smart phone, giving the translation devices unprecedented portability. The overall DARPA project, dubbed TRANSTAC, aims to reduce the reliance on human translators, who are often in short supply and aren't always trustworthy.

Info

Mitochondria DNA in Different Parts of Our Body Vary

Mitochondria are tiny capsule-shaped structures that produce energy for the cell. Each cell has dozens to hundreds of mitochondria, and each mitochondrion contains several copies of circular strands of DNA. This DNA is distinct from the main genome in the cell's nucleus, which is inherited from both the mother and father. Mitochondria, in contrast, are passed directly from a mother's egg cell to her offspring. Until recently, most scientists believed that nearly all of a person's cells contain identical copies of mtDNA inherited from the mother. A new approach for analyzing DNA shows that each person's mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is surprisingly variable in different body tissues. The finding may eventually prove useful for spotting and monitoring cancer, as it leads to telltale mtDNA variations that can be detected in the bloodstream.

A research team led by Drs. Nickolas Papadopoulos and Bert Vogelstein of Johns Hopkins University used new, highly sensitive DNA sequencing technologies to take a closer look at mtDNA variability in different tissues within several individuals. The research was supported by NIH's National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The researchers described a series of mtDNA analyses, including a detailed evaluation of 10 different tissues taken from a single person. Although most analyzed mtDNA was identical, the researchers detected at least 1 variant form of mtDNA in each tissue, and 4 tissues harbored at least 4 variants. The proportion of variant mtDNA in tissues differed widely. In some cases, certain tissues - like kidney and liver - shared a variant that wasn't found in other tissues.The technique can detect relatively rare single-letter variants in stretches of DNA - even those found in as few as 1 in 10,000 mitochondrial genomes.

Info

Orion Nebula Gives Clues To Origin Of Life On Earth

Orion Nebula
© Space DailyWhat is intriguing is that amino acids in several meteorites show enantiomeric excesses of the same handedness as that seen in biological amino acids. Therefore, the process that produced the handedness of amino acids in the meteorites may provide clues to how homochirality developed in life forms on Earth. The larger question becomes how enantiomeric excesses can be produced and under what conditions.
How did life on Earth begin? One hypothesis is that terrestrial life began when organics were delivered from outer space during the early, heavy bombardment phase of Earth's development. We know that several meteorites (e.g., Murchison) have amino acids with properties similar to those seen in biological amino acids, the building blocks of life.

An international team of astronomers led by Fukue and Tamura of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan conducted research on the properties of light in a massive star-forming region (BN/KL nebula) of the Orion Nebula and have investigated a process that may have played a role in the development of life on Earth.

The origin of what is technically called "biomolecular homochirality" is a longstanding mystery and an important one to solve, since it characterizes most life forms on Earth.

Telescope

Celestial Triangle

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© tefano De Rosa
"Superbright Venus popped out of the twilight first, followed minutes later by Mars and Saturn," says De Rosa. "The sight of the lovely celestial triangle over the calm water of the lake was really great!"

The three planets will remain in triangular formation for many nights to come, only the angles will change. Keep an eye on the sunset! Sky maps: August 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

More triangle images: from Amirreza Kamkar of Qayen, Khorasan, Iran; from Gary A. Becker of Coopersburg, PA; from Stefano De Rosa of Viverone lake, Turin, Italy; from Richard Glenn of Gold Beach, Oregon; from Adrian New of San Antonio, Texas.

Magnet

1962 glass could be Corning's next bonanza seller

gorilla glass
© UnknownGorilla glass
An ultra-strong glass that has been looking for a purpose since its invention in 1962 is poised to become a multibillion-dollar bonanza for Corning Inc.

The 159-year-old glass pioneer is ramping up production of what it calls Gorilla glass, expecting it to be the hot new face of touch-screen tablets and high-end TVs.

Gorilla showed early promise in the '60s, but failed to find a commercial use, so it's been biding its time in a hilltop research lab for almost a half-century. It picked up its first customer in 2008 and has quickly become a $170 million a year business as a protective layer over the screens of 40 million-plus cell phones and other mobile devices.

Now, the latest trend in TVs could catapult it to a billion-dollar business: Frameless flat-screens that could be mistaken for chic glass artwork on a living-room wall.

Sherlock

7,000-Year-Old Village Found Near Bulgarian Town of Shoumen

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© The Sofia EchoShoumen
A settlement dating back about 7,000 years has been discovered by a hill near the village of Ivanovo, in Shoumen municipality, in eastern Bulgaria, Bulgarian National Television (BNT) reported on July 26 2010.

The settlement, 900 square miles in area, lies between two rivers on the south face of the hill. In spite of its natural defenses, the settlement was fortified with a defensive wall of "unusual shape", BNT said.

"The shape of the fortification was not circular or oval-like, which was typical for the time but an irregular pattern resembling an octagon," archaeologist Svetlana Venelinova said in a television interview for BNT.

Additionally, the entire settlement was encircled by a moat outside the fortification.

Sherlock

Ancient Stone Monument to Napi Discovered on Canadian Prairies

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© Meaghan PorterA map of the Napi effigy - it's about five meters by five meters in size and was created with rocks the size of a fist. You can see Napi's arms, legs, head, torso and genitalia. The dark coloured stones are ones that have been disturbed, moved from their original position. There is a depression in the torso area, as represented by the circle.
A stone effigy monument, in the shape of a Blackfoot creator god named Napi, has been discovered in southern Alberta - south of the Red Deer River near the hamlet of Finnegan.
One day Old Man determined that he would make a woman and a child; so he formed them both - the woman and the child, her son - of clay. After he had moulded the clay in human shape, he said to the clay, "You must be people" ...

They walked down to the river with their Maker, and then he told them that his name was Na'pi, - Old Man.
From Blackfoot Lodge Tales, George Grinnell, 1892.

The Blackfoot are a people that have inhabited the prairies since ancient times. The effigy dates to somewhere between AD 1000 and AD 1500. It would have been constructed before the time of European contact.

Napi is a deity credited with creating the Blackfoot people and the landscape they inhabit. "According to Blackfoot tradition he's like the creator," said archaeologist Meaghan Porter, who investigated the site.

She said that the image is "made out of rocks and it's in the outline of a man - it has arms and a torso, head and legs as well as genitalia." It's roughly five meters by five meters long. The rocks are about the size of a fist, they have a mix of black, grey and tan colours. Porter doesn't think these colours were chosen deliberately "I think that's just the rocks that were available," she said.