Science & TechnologyS


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X-ray images help explain limits to insect body size

Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy's Argonne National Laboratory have cast new light on why the giant insects that lived millions of years ago disappeared.

In the late Paleozoic Era, with atmospheric oxygen levels reaching record highs, some insects evolved into giants. When oxygen levels returned to lower levels, the insect giants went extinct.

Question

What makes Mars magnetic?

Earth's surface is a very active place; its plates are forever jiggling around, rearranging themselves into new configurations. Continents collide and mountains arise, oceans slide beneath continents and volcanoes spew. As far as we know Earth's restless surface is unique to the planets in our solar system. So what is it that keeps Earth's plates oiled and on the move?

Scientists think that the secret lies beneath the crust, in the slippery asthenosphere. In order for the mantle to convect and the plates to slide they require a lubricated layer. On Mars this lubrication has long since dried up, but on Earth the plates can still glide around with ease.

Question

Three-Tonne Meteorite Stolen In Russia

Russian police were combing the northern Siberian city of Krasnoyarsk on Friday for a three-tonne meteorite that has disappeared from under the nose of its keepers.

The giant rock was stolen from the yard of the Tunguska Space Event foundation, whose director said it was the part of meteor that caused a massive explosion in Siberia in 1908, news agency Interfax reported.

Telescope

Cool place, hot bodies Circumstellar space: Where chemistry happens for the very first time

Picture a cool place, teeming with a multitude of hot bodies twirling about in rapidly changing formations of singles and couples, partners and groups, constantly dissolving and reforming.

If you were thinking of the dance floor in a modern nightclub, think again.

©NASA/JPL-Caltech
The nebula RCW49 is a nursery for newborn stars and exists in circumstellar space, where chemistry is done for the very first time.

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New discovery! Patterns Of Excitation Waves Found In Brain's Visual Processing Center

Neuroscientists have long believed that vision is processed in the brain along circuits made up of neurons, similar to the way telephone signals are transferred through separate wires from one station to another. But scientists at Georgetown University Medical Center discovered that visual information is also processed in a different way, like propagating waves oscillating back and forth among brain areas.

©New Jersey Institute of Technology
Neurons

Telescope

Japanese and NASA Satellites Unveil New Type of Active Galaxy

An international team of astronomers using NASA's Swift satellite and the Japanese/U.S. Suzaku X-ray observatory has discovered a new class of active galactic nuclei (AGN).

©Sonoma State University
In the newly discovered type of AGN, the disk and torus surrounding the black hole are so deeply obscured by gas and dust that no visible light escapes, making them very difficult to detect. This illustration shows the scene from a more distant perspective than does the other image. Click on image for high-res version.

Comment: More information about Swift can be found at The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission and about Suzaku can be found at The Suzaku Mission.



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Levitation by Quantum Mechanics

Theoretical Physicists in the School have determined that quantum fluctuations of the vacuum combined with materials of negative refractive index can lead to incredible levitation effects. The results of this study on quantum levitation by Ulf Leonhardt and Thomas Philbin are to be published in the New Journal of Physics, and are reported upon in the Institute of Physics's Physics Web.

©St. Andrew's
Artist's impression of a thin mirror being held up above another mirror by the quantum levitation effect.

Life Preserver

Galileo To Support Global Search And Rescue

The detection of emergency beacons will be greatly improved by the introduction of Europe's satellite positioning system, Galileo. The Galileo satellites will carry transponders to relay distress signals to search and rescue organisations. In connection with this, representatives of the Galileo project attended the recent 21st annual Joint Committee Meeting of COSPAS-SARSAT, the international programme for satellite-aided search and rescue.

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Astronauts To Conduct Study Of Bacterial Growth In Space

When space shuttle Endeavour rocketed into space yesterday, it took along a common microorganism normally found in the upper respiratory tract of approximately 40 percent of the healthy human population. The experiment, Streptococcus pneumoniae Expression of Genes in Space (SPEGIS), part of the STS-118 space shuttle mission launched Aug. 8, 2007, will investigate the effects of the space environment on the common microorganism Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. Pneumoniae).

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What we can learn from the biggest extinction in the history of Earth

Approximately 250 million years ago, vast numbers of species disappeared from Earth. This mass-extinction event may hold clues to current global carbon cycle changes, according to Jonathan Payne, assistant professor of geological and environmental sciences. Payne, a paleobiologist who joined the Stanford faculty in 2005, studies the Permian-Triassic extinction and the following 4 million years of instability in the global carbon cycle. In the July issue of the Geological Society of America Bulletin, Payne presented evidence that a massive, rapid release of carbon may have triggered this extinction.