Welcome to Sott.net
Fri, 15 Oct 2021
The World for People who Think

Science & Technology
Map

Fireball 2

Hallowe'en sky show on tap? Taurids meteor shower strengthens this weekend

2015 Taurid meteor stream
© Stellarium
The motion of the radiant of the Northern Taurid meteors from mid-October through mid-November. The shower typically peaks around November 12th annually.
Asteroid 2015 TB145 isn't the only cosmic visitor paying our planet a trick-or-treat visit over the coming week. With any luck, the Northern Taurid meteor shower may put on a fine once a decade show heading into early November.

About once a decade, the Northern Taurid meteor stream puts on a good showing. Along with its related shower the Southern Taurids, both are active though late October into early November.

Specifics for 2015

This year sees the Moon reaching Full on Tuesday October 27th, just a few days before Halloween. The Taurid fireballs, however, have a few things going for them that most other showers don't. First is implied in the name: the Northern Taurids, though typically exhibiting a low zenithal hourly rate of around 5 to 10, are, well, fireballs, and thus the light-polluting Moon won't pose much of a problem. Secondly, the Taurid meteor stream is approaching the Earth almost directly from behind, meaning that unlike a majority of meteor showers, the Taurids are just as strong in the early evening as the post midnight early morning hours. As a matter of fact, we saw a brilliant Taurid just last night from light-polluted West Palm Beach in Florida, just opposite to the Full Moon and a partially cloudy sky.

Solar Flares

Strong magnetic fields found in the inner cores of stars

magnetic star

This artist's representation of a red giant star with a strong internal magnetic field shows sound waves propagating in the stellar outer layers, while gravity waves propagate in the inner layers where a magnetic field is present.

Astronomers have for the first time probed the magnetic fields in the mysterious inner regions of stars, finding they are strongly magnetized.

Using a technique called asteroseismology, the scientists were able to calculate the magnetic field strengths in the fusion-powered hearts of dozens of red giants, stars that are evolved versions of our sun.

"In the same way medical ultrasound uses sound waves to image the interior of the human body, asteroseismology uses sound waves generated by turbulence on the surface of stars to probe their inner properties," says Caltech postdoctoral researcher Jim Fuller, who co-led a new study detailing the research.

The findings, published in the October 23 issue of Science, will help astronomers better understand the life and death of stars. Magnetic fields likely determine the interior rotation rates of stars; such rates have dramatic effects on how the stars evolve.

Comet

Oxygen discovered on Comet 67P by Rosetta spacecraft, challenging prevailing theories on formation of solar system

 Rosetta’s lander Philae
© AP Photo/Esa/Rosetta/Philae
The combination photo of different images taken with the CIVA camera system released by the European Space Agency ESA on Thursday Nov. 13, 2014 shows Rosetta’s lander Philae as it is safely on the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, as these first CIVA images confirm.
Large quantities of oxygen have been discovered in the gassy halo of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, with stunned scientists saying that the "big surprise" challenges theories about the formation of our Solar System.

"We believe this oxygen is primordial, which means it is older than our Solar System," said scientist Andre Bieler of the University of Michigan.

The oxygen molecules found by the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft in the comet's halo must have existed "before or at" the formation of our solar system, Bieler said.

The discovery challenges prevailing existing theories about the formation of our solar system some 4.6 billion years ago.

Bulb

Researchers use ancient bacteria to create self-ventilating garments

Image
© Rob Chron/MIT Media Lab
Living garment - "Second Skin".
Bacteria discovered 1,000 years ago in Japan is being used to grow a "second skin" that responds to a person's sweat. It could revolutionize sportswear and extend to other parts of our daily lives - including our lampshades and tea.

Researchers at MIT Media Lab's Tangible Media Group are using the Bacillus Subtilis natto bacteria to create a synthetic "second skin," known as BioLogic, which physically moves and morphs when it is exposed to moisture. It opens up flaps on the "skin" that will allow sweat to evaporate when a person's body temperature or sweat volume reaches a certain threshold.

The idea to use the bacteria came while MIT PhD student Lining Yao was testing various microorganisms in the lab and realized that the natto bacteria grew and contracted based on how much moisture it was exposed to. The bacteria "becomes a nano-actuator that expands and shrinks depending on different relative humidity conditions, such as the humidity level in the atmosphere or sweat on the skin," Yao said. She then gave herself quite a challenge - to see if those movements could be used to act like a machine, rather than an unpredictable organism.

Image
© MIT Media Lab
Microscopic view of the bio- hybrid film with Bacillus Subtilis Natto bacteria (Scanning Electron Microscope from MIT CMSE)
The concept is part of what the MIT group calls Radical Atoms, a vision where materials themselves are interactive - known as "material user interfaces," or MUI. "We are imagining a world where actuators and sensors can be grown rather than manufactured, being derived from nature as opposed to engineered in factories," Yao said in a press release.

Comment: Researchers discover bacteria communicate with each other, coordinate their actions


Eye 1

New wireless technology can see people through walls

Image
© MITCSAIL / YouTube
Example of the RF-Capture results
MIT researchers have developed WiFi technology that is capable of seeing a human through an obstacle ‒ like a wall ‒ and reconstructing the image by analyzing the reflections from the signals. The technology has a variety of practical applications.

The new device, called RF-Capture, is based on previous methods of capturing movements across a house. That technology is currently used by firefighters to determine if they need to save anyone in a burning building, as well as by mothers to see their baby's breathing, Popular Mechanics reported.

Comment: Interesting technology, but we should keep in mind that any form of gigahertz eletcromagnetic radiation is not good for human bodies.


Magnify

Researchers examine how a face comes to represent a whole person in the brain

Image
© Laboratory of Neural Systems at The Rockefeller University
The brain patches activated by the sight of a face (red) or a body (blue) appear above in the flattened representation of the area around one macaque's superior temporal sulcus (dark gray).
The sight of a face offers more than a collection of features; it can provide critical information about the whole individual. A new brain imaging study shows that parts of a primate face processing system prefer faces with bodies, offering some insight into how faces convey social information.

A brain imaging study at the Rockefeller University offers some insight into how faces achieve this special status. The scientists found that certain spots dedicated to processing faces in the primate brain prefer faces with bodies--evidence they are combining both facial and body information to represent an individual.

The study, published on October 13 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was conducted in rhesus macaque monkeys. Humans have a similar system that responds to faces, suggesting the findings have relevance for understanding our own social processing as well.

Telescope

Can the laws of physics be changing?

quasar
© ESO/M. Kornmesser, adapted under a Creative Commons license.
An artist’s impression of the quasar 3C 279. Astrophysicists use light from quasars to look for variations in the fundamental constants.
Can the laws of physics change over time and space?

As far as physicists can tell, the cosmos has been playing by the same rulebook since the time of the Big Bang. But could the laws have been different in the past, and could they change in the future? Might different laws prevail in some distant corner of the cosmos?

"It's not a completely crazy possibility," says Sean Carroll, a theoretical physicist at Caltech, who points out that, when we ask if the laws of physics are mutable, we're actually asking two separate questions: First, do the equations of quantum mechanics and gravity change over time and space? And second, do the numerical constants that populate those equations vary?

Telescope

Russia opens first static meteor observing station in Siberia

Image
© Irkutst State University
On a clear night, the equipment has registered up to 40 meteorites.
One early visitor: a fireball streaking across the sky and splashing into Lake Baikal.

The station is in remote Tunka valley, in the Republic of Buryatia, an ideal vantage point for observing incoming meteors because of the absence of artificial lighting. Created by the astronomical observatory of the Irkutsk State University (ISU), it operates from two unmanned modules some 58 kilometres apart.

This allows researchers to observe the same meteor from two different locations, and to measure its size, light energy, direction, weight of meteoric particles and other parameters, more precisely.

Kirill Ivanov, researcher at ISU's observatory, explained that the cameras are pointed in such a way that the centres of their field of view match at a height of about 100 km. 'They ensure maximum overlap of the field of view, two thirds, at a height of about 80-120 km. The data is stored in industrial computers.' On a clear night, the equipment has registered up to 40 meteorites.
Image
© The Siberian Times
It operates from two unmanned modules some 58 kilometres apart.

Comment: Huge meteorite crashes in Lake Baikal, Siberia


Comet

Interview with astronomer Bill Napier: Cyclical catastrophes and cometary bombardments

komet, comet graphic
The Tusk has been interested for some time in conducting an occasional interview with players in fields related to cosmic catastrophes in human times. So much of the coverage of our subject is "drive-by" journalism, with uninformed reporters on deadline asking shallow, often misinformed, questions of key scientists and then writing a story which barely informs. The subject deserves something at least a little better. So, in a modest effort to add a more depth to the popular record than is commonly provided, I nominated our blog to try out a few interviews.

It was an easy call whom to approach first, Bill Napier. He is a digital acquaintance of mine, a cool guy and a wiseman. Astronomer, best-selling popular author, frequent contributor to a 40 year canon of astronomical justification for end-times in the peopled past — Bill Napier is simply a Tusk kind of guy!

Napier and his collaborators in the old country are even credited with their own handle, "British Neo-Catastrophists." Post-Newton and Whiston, Post-Velikovsky, concurrent with Alvarez but Pre-Firestone — shunned by NASA and employed by the Queen — they are contributors to a cogent set of astronomical facts termed "Coherent Catastrophism," a body of evidence concluding that quite horrible cosmic encounters have occurred in the human past.

Here goes:

Comment: As a reminder of what can come out of the sky without any warning at all, see the Chelyabinsk meteor from February 2013:


Comment: For more on the very high probability of Earth soon being on the receiving end of a major cometary bombardment, and why, see Laura Knight-Jadczyk's Comets and Catastrophe series: And the books: Comets and the Horns of Moses by Laura Knight-Jadczyk
and Earth Changes and the Human Cosmic Connection: The Secret History of the World - Book 3 by Pierre Lescaudron
and Laura Knight-Jadczyk


Magnify

Study of specially bred chickens reveals evolution much faster than thought

chickens in green grass
© Virginia Tech/John McCormick
A selective mating approach within the population that started in 1957 has resulted in an over tenfold difference in the size of the chickens.
A population of chickens studied over the past 50 years reveals that evolution can happen 15 times faster than previously thought.

The study overturns the popular assumption that evolution is only visible over long time scales. The findings are published in the journal Biology Letters.

"Our observations reveal that evolution is always moving quickly, but we tend not to see it because we typically measure it over longer time periods," Greger Larson of Oxford University's Research Laboratory for Archaeology said in a press release.

"Our study shows that evolution can move much faster in the short term than we had believed from fossil-based estimates."

Larson and his team looked at a well-documented, 50-year pedigree of a population of white Plymouth Rock chickens developed at Virginia Tech by Paul Siegel. The researchers focused on reconstructing how the mitochondrial DNA passed from mothers to daughters within the chicken population.

Comment: And yet the chickens are still chickens. So, micro-evolution progresses faster than predicted, yet macro-evolution is still somewhere off in the distance...