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Huge Pre-Stonehenge Complex Found via "Crop Circles" in UK

Crop circle archaelogical site
© Damian Grady/ English Heritage
Etched into crops, the outlines of Bronze Age burial mounds surround a roughly 190-foot (57-meter) circular Stone Age temple site about 15 miles (24 kilometers) from Stonehenge in southern England in an undated aerial photo.

Discovered during a routine aerial survey by English Heritage, the U.K. government's historic-preservation agency, the "crop circles" are the results of buried archaeological structures interfering with plant growth. True crop circles are vast designs created by flattening crops.
Given away by strange, crop circle-like formations seen from the air, a huge prehistoric ceremonial complex discovered in southern England has taken archaeologists by surprise.

A thousand years older than nearby Stonehenge, the site includes the remains of wooden temples and two massive, 6,000-year-old tombs that are among "Britain's first architecture," according to archaeologist Helen Wickstead, leader of the Damerham Archaeology Project.

For such a site to have lain hidden for so long is "completely amazing," said Wickstead, of Kingston University in London.

Archaeologist Joshua Pollard, who was not involved in the find, agreed. The discovery is "remarkable," he said, given the decades of intense archaeological attention to the greater Stonehenge region.

"I think everybody assumed such monument complexes were known about or had already been discovered," added Pollard, a co-leader of the Stonehenge Riverside Project, which is funded in part by the National Geographic Society.

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Etching could be first example of art in Americas

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© Courtesy of the University of Florida
An etching on a bone found near Vero Beach could be the earliest example of art in the Americas if authentic.
An etching on a bone found near Vero Beach could be the earliest example of art in the Americas if determined to be authentic, which University of Florida professors believe to be the case.

An amateur fossil collector said the bone fragment had been sitting under his sink before he noticed what appeared to be an etching of a mammoth on it.

Barbara Purdy, professor emerita of anthropology at UF, ran the bone through a battery of tests to determine the etching's authenticity.

Pharoah

Egyptian tells Berlin paper he'll 'prove' Nefertiti was stolen

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© Unkown
Berlin - Zahi Hawass, the flamboyant head of Egypt's antiquities authority, says he will offer documentary proof that the fabled bust of Queen Nefertiti does not belong to Germany, a Berlin newspaper was set to report on Sunday. Hawass, whose media savvy has put Egypt's archaeological treasures on front pages round the world, has vocally called in the past for the return of the bust, found in a tomb nearly a century ago and then claimed by a Berlin millionaire who financed the excavation.

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Neanderthal fossil found in North Sea

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© Unknown
Neanderthal Skull
Leiden -- Researchers in the Netherlands say they have confirmed a skull fragment dredged from the North Sea was that of a young adult male Neanderthal.

The 60,000-year-old Neanderthal is the first confirmed specimen to be found undersea anywhere in the world, the BBC reported Monday. The fossil was found by Luc Anthonis, a private collector from Belgium, among animal remains and stone artifacts recovered several miles off the coast of the Netherlands in 2001.

Light Saber

Most powerful 'sound laser' to shake up acoustics

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© Tony Kent and American Physics Society
The saser produces a highly focused beam that is similar to the way a laser pointer produces a red spot when it hits a wall.
Half a century since the first working laser kick-started a technological revolution in the field of optics, a new device promises to do the same for acoustics. UK and Ukrainian physicists have built the first "saser", or sound laser, able to generate terahertz-frequency sounds.

A laser produces photons that travel in a tight beam instead of dispersing outwards like a regular beam of light. A saser achieves the same for sound waves, says Tony Kent at the University of Nottingham, UK.

Although it's not the first saser ever constructed, it is the first able to produce beams at terahertz frequencies, much higher even than those used for medical ultrasound imaging. Terahertz sound may be largely a curiosity today, says Kent, but being able to produce it in controllable beams could unleash new ideas and applications.

"Fifty years ago many eminent scientists said that light amplification by the stimulated emission of radiation [lasers] was no more than a scientific curiosity," says Kent, but lasers are now used for everything from digital storage and cancer treatment to weaponry.

Info

'Resurrection bug' revived after 120,000 years

A tiny bacterium has been coaxed back to life after spending 120,000 years buried three kilometres deep in the Greenland ice sheet.

Researchers who found it say it could resemble microbes that may have evolved in ice on other planets.

Officially named Herminiimonas glaciei, the bug consists of rods just 0.9 micrometres long and 0.4 micrometres in diameter, about 10 to 50 times smaller than the well-known bacterium, Escherichia coli.

"What's unique is that it's so small, and seems to survive on so few nutrients," says Jennifer Loveland-Curtze of Pennsylvania State University, whose team has described the new species.

She speculates that thanks to its tiny dimensions, it can survive in minute veins in the ice, scavenging sparse nutrients that were buried along with the ice. It also has extensive tail-like flagella to help it manoeuvre through the veins to find food.

Eye 1

Magic carpets hide objects in plain sight

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© Jana Leon / Stone / Getty
A carpet cloak could provide a new way of hiding objects.
The latest twist on invisibility cloaks won't hide Harry Potter in the middle of a room, but it might just let spies conceal microphones under the rug or the wallpaper.

So called "carpet cloaks" are the first technology to succeed in hiding objects by deflecting light across a range of wavelengths. Two groups described different cloaks last week at the International Quantum Electronics Conference in Baltimore, Maryland.

Invisibility cloaks work by deflecting light waves so the light that reaches the eye shows no trace of the hidden object. Conventional optical materials can't do this, but a dozen years ago John Pendry of Imperial College London showed it was possible to bend light around objects by building materials made of components smaller than the wavelength of the light.

In theory, the principle will work across the electromagnetic spectrum, but early experiments with invisibility cloaks have been done at microwave frequencies, which have wavelengths in the centimetre range, meaning sub-wavelength components are relatively easy to make.

Both new carpet cloaks work in infrared light, which has a wavelength far shorter than microwaves, and provide the first demonstrations of optical cloaking. As they are not limited to a narrow range of wavelengths, in principle the cloaks could hide objects in normal light. Other cloaks, even if scaled down to the optical range, would work only in rooms lit with a single-colour lamp.

Bizarro Earth

Ancient dismembered skeletons discovered in UK

At least 45 dismembered skeletons have been discovered in a burial pit by archaeologists digging on the site of a planned £87m relief road in Dorset.

The burial site on Ridgeway Hill near Weymouth is thought to date from late Iron Age to early Roman times.

Skulls, rib cages and leg bones, thought to be from young men, were arranged in separate parts of the pit.

Info

Modern birds didn't descend from dinos, suggests new discovery

Scientists have made a fundamental new discovery about how birds breathe and have a lung capacity that allows for flight, which means it's unlikely that birds descended from any known theropod dinosaurs.

The conclusions, by researchers at Oregon State University (OSU), US, add to other evolving evidence that may finally force many paleontologists to reconsider their long-held belief that modern birds are the direct descendants of ancient, meat-eating dinosaurs.

"It's really kind of amazing that after centuries of studying birds and flight, we still didn't understand a basic aspect of bird biology," said John Ruben, an OSU professor of zoology.

"This discovery probably means that birds evolved on a parallel path alongside dinosaurs, starting that process before most dinosaur species even existed," he added.

Satellite

Herschel telescope 'opens eyes'

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© ESA
Europe's new billion-euro Herschel space observatory, launched in May, has achieved a critical milestone.

The telescope has opened the hatch that has been protecting its sensitive instruments from contamination. The procedure allowed light collected by Herschel's giant 3.5m mirror to flood its supercold instrument chamber, or cryostat, for the first time.

The observatory's quest is to study how stars and galaxies form, and how they evolve through cosmic time.