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Diet can change the way sugar tastes

Different form of Sugars
© Pixabay
We know humans also experience changes in taste perception in response to diet.
The food animals eat can change how they perceive future food. This response uses the same machinery that the brain uses to learn, new research has found.

Researchers at the University of Sydney have discovered the basic science of how sweet taste perception is fine-tuned in response to different diets. While it has long been known that food can taste different based on previous experience, until now we didn't know the molecular pathways that controlled this effect.

Professor Greg Neely at the Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences with Professor Qiaoping Wang (formerly at the Charles Perkins Centre and now based at Sun Yat-Sen University, China) used fruit flies to study sweet taste. They learned that taste is highly subjective based on previous experience.

Professor Neely said they learned four important things:
  1. The food animals eat can change how they perceive future food.
  2. This response uses the same machinery that the brain uses to learn.
  3. Pathways that can extend lifespan were also involved in enhancing taste perception, and diets in fruit flies that promote long life were also found to enhance taste perception.
  4. Lifespan, learning and sensory perception are linked in ways we are just starting to understand.

Solar Flares

Map shows where US power grid most vulnerable to solar storms

Sprawling power lines act like

Sprawling power lines act like "solar storm antennas," picking up currents and spreading the problem over a wide area.
A solar superstorm can make your lights go out. New maps released by the USGS show where the power is most likely to fail: The Denver metropolitan area, the Pacific northwest, the Atlantic seaboard, and a cluster of Midwestern states near the US-Canadian Border. Bright yellow and orange trace the trouble spots across the contiguous USA:

US power grid voltage map

Comment: Study: Solar storm damage to electrical networks dependant on regional geology


Galaxy

New observations contradict widely held theory about the expanding universe

expanding universe theory
© NASA/CXC/Univ. of Bonn/K. Migkas et al.
Different galaxy clusters reveal different properties across the universe.
New NASA data presents a challenge to a fundamental principle of cosmology.

Less than a second after the Big Bang, the universe suddenly blew up from nothing to a hot, dense sea of neutrons and electrons stretching across trillions of lightyears.

And, 13.8 billion years later, the universe is still expanding, albeit at a much slower rate.

The prevailing theory, known as the isotropy hypothesis, argues that the universe is not only expanding but doing so at the same rate in all directions. But a new study suggests that may not be the case at all.

In a study published Wednesday in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics, astronomers challenge this cornerstone theory of cosmology. The results suggest that while the universe is expanding, it is not expanding at the same rate in all directions.

Battery

3D-printed corals could improve bioenergy and help coral reefs

corals and algae
Researchers from Cambridge University and University of California San Diego have 3D printed coral-inspired structures that are capable of growing dense populations of microscopic algae. Their results, reported in the journal Nature Communications, open the door to new bio-inspired materials and their applications for coral conservation.

In the ocean, corals and algae have an intricate symbiotic relationship. The coral provides a host for the algae, while the algae produce sugars to the coral through photosynthesis. This relationship is responsible for one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth, the coral reef.

"Corals are highly efficient at collecting and using light," said first author Dr Daniel Wangpraseurt, a Marie Curie Fellow from Cambridge's Department of Chemistry. "In our lab, we're looking for methods to copy and mimic these strategies from nature for commercial applications."

Wangpraseurt and his colleagues 3D printed coral structures and used them as incubators for algae growth. They tested various types of microalgae and found growth rates were 100x higher than in standard liquid growth mediums.

Robot

Daleks, drones, and high-tech cops: Robots come out on top amid coronavirus pandemic

coronavirus drones daleks
© Reuters / Pool / Massimo Pinca
Italian police drone vs. Dalek: which would you rather have around during a pandemic?
As coronavirus lockdowns keep people indoors and physically distant from one another, robots are picking up the slack, doing the jobs humans can't or won't do — and keeping their erstwhile masters in line.

You're not alone when you're with a drone


The sight of drones flying through cities shouting at residents to wear masks and maintain social distancing — already common during the early weeks of the epidemic in China — has become ubiquitous all over the world, with the airborne babysitters spotted everywhere from West Australia to Manhattan.


Magic Hat

Bacterial enzyme found in compost, mutated by scientists, can recycle plastic in hours

pepsi
© Mario Anzuoni/Reuters
The company behind the breakthough, Carbios, has partnered with major companies including Pepsi and L’Oréal.
A mutant bacterial enzyme that breaks down plastic bottles for recycling in hours has been created by scientists.

The enzyme, originally discovered in a compost heap of leaves, reduced the bottles to chemical building blocks that were then used to make high-quality new bottles. Existing recycling technologies usually produce plastic only good enough for clothing and carpets.

The company behind the breakthrough, Carbios, said it was aiming for industrial-scale recycling within five years. It has partnered with major companies including Pepsi and L'Oréal to accelerate development. Independent experts called the new enzyme a major advance.

Comment: See also: Russian scientists isolate bacteria which neutralizes nuclear waste


Galaxy

Supermassive black hole emitting high-energy jets captured in 'unprecedented detail'

black hole
The images were taken by the Event Horizon Telescope aimed at capturing and exploring the environment around black holes by using innovative technology to link radio dishes across the Earth to create a planet-sized interferometer.

Researchers from Boston University captured a detailed image of a jet of plasma powered by a supermassive black hole. The image was taken by the Event Horizon Telescope from a distance of over 5bn lightyears, from the M87 radio galaxy.


Comment: See also:


Archaeology

Scientists uncover a 60,000-year-old forest underwater and think its preserved trees may help pioneer new medicines

underwater forest
© Francis Choi
Wood from a 60,000-year-old bald cypress forest buried off the coast of Alabama was uncovered by storms
A forest of cypress trees that once grew on the banks of a river off Alabama's coast in Mobile Bay has been buried under sediment for nearly 60,000 years. Scientists studying the wood from the forest believe it may hold secrets to creating new medicines to save lives.

According to an article published April 1 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the ancient forest remained undisturbed until recent intensifying storms (including Hurricanes Ivan and Katrina) along the coast have been sweeping up the seabed and sediment that kept the forest entombed.

The site now lies 60 feet underwater, and in the last four to five years, has been visited by a few scientists and filmmakers. But in December, a team of scientists from Northeastern University and the University of Utah set out on an expedition, funded by NOAA, to dive into the waters and bring back pieces of wood to study.

Comment: This submerged forest is a testimony of the higher sea level. 12,000 years ago, sea level was 100 meter (330 feet) lower than today. Knowing that human activity is mostly coastal, how many remnants of previous civilizations are now under water?


Arrow Down

Global infection of COVID-19 may be in the tens of millions, drastically reducing actual mortality rate - study


Comment: As we've been saying since January...


Covid-19
© Akesin | Dreamstime.com
The number of confirmed cases for the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 officially issued by countries and widely reported by national and international media outlets dramatically understates the true number of infections, according to a recent report from the University of Göttingen. Dr. Christian Bommer and Professor Sebastian Vollmer from Göttingen University have used estimates of COVID-19 mortality and time until death from a recent study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases to test the quality of official case records. Their data shows that countries have only discovered on average about 6% of coronavirus infections and the true number of infected people worldwide may already have reached several tens of millions. Their study is available online.

Comment: One of the main reasons we haven't seen widespread testing is because if people knew the coronavirus was much less deadly than the flu, then the authorities wouldn't be able to introduce the draconian lockdown and 'reset' they've been seeking for a very long time.


Comet 2

New Comet C/2020 F5 (MASTER)

CBET 4746 & MPEC 2020-G73, issued on 2020, April 08, announce the discovery of a comet (magnitude ~15.8) in images taken with the "Mobile Astronomical System of the Telescope-Robots" (MASTER) auto-detection system (0.40-m f/2.5 reflector) near San Juan, Argentina. Additional pre-discovery observations from Mar. 17.0 UT (mag 15.8-15.9), Mar. 22.0 (mag 15.8), and Mar. 23.0 (mag 15.7-15.8) were found on images taken with the MASTER 0.40-m reflector at the South African Astronomical Observatory (Sutherland). The new comet has been designated C/2020 F5 (MASTER).

We performed follow-up measurements of this object while it was still on the PCCP webpage.

Stacking of 22 unfiltered exposures, 60 seconds each, obtained remotely on 2020, April 05.7 from Q62 (iTelescope network) through a 0.43-m f/6.8 astrograph + CCD, shows that this object is a comet with a compact coma about 10" in diameter and a tail 30" long in PA 290.

Our confirmation image (click on it for a bigger version)
Comet C/2020 F5 MASTER
© Remnanzacco Blogspot