Science & TechnologyS


Arrow Down

Train windows beam ads into your head


Hearing voices in one's head may precede a trip to a neurologist. But not necessarily, if you're riding a train equipped with Sky Go. German ad agency BBDO Deutschland has teamed up with Sky Go to produce a new kind of advertising that beams messages to a person's head as they ride on a train.

Huh?

It works using a small box-like device called a Sky Go module, which delivers audio advertisements in the form of vibrations across the train's windows. When a commuter leans her head against the window, the vibrations get transmitted to her skull and through the bones in her ear in a way that allows her to hear the message.

Info

Primeval underwater forest discovered in Gulf of Mexico

Sonar Map
© Grant Harley, Kristine DeLongA primeval underwater ocean has been unearthed just a few miles off the coast of Alabama. Here, a sonar map reveals its extent.
Scuba divers have discovered a primeval underwater forest off the coast of Alabama.

The Bald Cypress forest was buried under ocean sediments, protected in an oxygen-free environment for more than 50,000 years, but was likely uncovered by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, said Ben Raines, one of the first divers to explore the underwater forest and the executive director of the nonprofit Weeks Bay Foundation, which researches estuaries.

The forest contains trees so well-preserved that when they are cut, they still smell like fresh Cypress sap, Raines said.

The stumps of the Cypress trees span an area of at least 0.5 square miles (0.8 kilometers), several miles from the coast of Mobile, Alabama, and sit about 60 feet (18 meters) below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico.

Despite its discovery only recently, the underwater landscape has just a few years to be explored, before wood-burrowing marine animals destroy the ancient forest.

Info

Gathering Gondwana: New look at an ancient puzzle

Gondwana
© White et al., Gondwana ResearchA new construction of Gondwana provides a better match between Australia, Antarctica and India. The colored polygons are geologic units that formed before the continents broke apart.
Scientists are a step closer to solving part of a 165-million-year-old giant jigsaw puzzle: the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana.

Finding the past position of Earth's continents is a finicky task. But pinning down their wanderings plays a key role in everything from understanding ancient climate to how Earth's mountains and oceans evolved. Through "plate reconstruction" models, geoscientists illustrate how Earth's continents crunch together and split apart.

Before it cracked into several landmasses, Gondwana included what are today Africa, South America, Australia, India and Antarctica. The big continents - Africa and South America - split off about 180 million to 170 million years ago. In recent years, researchers have debated what happened next, as the remaining continents rocketed apart. For example, different Gondwana reconstruction models had a 250-mile (400 kilometers) disagreement in the fit between Australia and Antarctica, an error that has a cascading effect in plate reconstructions, said Lloyd White, a geologist at Royal Holloway University in Surrey, England.

"If Australia's in the wrong position by that amount, then when we try to build these models of what the Earth used to look like, it can have a flow-on effect around the globe," White told LiveScience's OurAmazingPlanet.

Sherlock

New crime scene technology can find hidden fingerprints

fingerprint
© University of Leiceste
Crime scene investigation got a boost into the 21st century this past week, as a team of researchers at the University of Leicester, in the UK, announced the development of a new technique for gathering fingerprints that can even find hidden prints.

Due to TV and movies, the techniques used up until now are pretty familiar to everyone - an investigator brushes a special powder onto the surfaces at a crime scene, and the powder sticks to the sweat and oils left behind when anyone at the scene touched something. The contrast between the colour of the powder and whatever the fingerprint is on lets the investigators see the print and get a record of it. Since the chance of two people having the same fingerprints is extremely slim (something like 1 in 64 billion), it gives them a good chance to identify who was there and narrow down who the criminal was.

Criminals know about this though, and they've exploited one of the weaknesses of the technique, by literally wiping away the evidence. Even the most thorough criminal can miss something, though, and it's these missed or 'hidden' fingerprints that investigators have to rely upon. Quite often, though, the quality of the print isn't good enough for it to be used in court.

However, now steps in the research team from the University of Leicester, with a new, and incredibly accurate way of lifting and reading these prints.

This new method uses the fact that the residue of sweat and oils our skin leaves behind is insulating - that is, it doesn't conduct electricity. If the surface underneath the print is conductive, like a metal knife or bullet casing, a special coloured 'electro-active' film is applied that transfers the colour only to the conductive surface, and even the thinnest amount of residue will prevent the colour from being transferred. This reveals the fingerprint in negative, with extremely fine detail.

Magic Wand

Cockatoos 'pick' puzzle box locks

Image
© Alice AuerspergThis image shows a cockatoo called 'Muppet' solving the bolt-type lock on a puzzle box. Scientists from Oxford University, Vienna University and the Max Planck Institute, have found that Goffin's cockatoos can solve complex mechanical problems that involve undoing a series of locks one after another.
A species of Indonesian parrot can solve complex mechanical problems that involve undoing a series of locks one after another, revealing new depths to physical intelligence in birds.

A team of scientists from Oxford University, the University of Vienna, and the Max Planck Institute, report in PLOS ONE a study in which ten untrained Goffin's cockatoos [Cacatua goffini] faced a puzzle box showing food (a nut) behind a transparent door secured by a series of five different interlocking devices, each one jamming the next along in the series.

To retrieve the nut the birds had to first remove a pin, then a screw, then a bolt, then turn a wheel 90 degrees, and then shift a latch sideways. One bird, called 'Pipin', cracked the problem unassisted in less than two hours, and several others did it after being helped either by being presented with the series of locks incrementally or being allowed to watch a skilled partner doing it.

Watch a video of cockatoos solving the puzzle box: http://www.zoo.ox.ac.uk/group/kacelnik/lb_movie_s1.mov

The scientists were interested in the birds' progress towards the solution, and on what they knew once they had solved the full task.

Question

Mystery extra-galactic radio bursts could solve cosmic puzzle

Radio Burst
© Alex Cherney, Terrastro.com/Science Photo LibraryThe mystery radio bursts detected by the Parkes Observatory, seem to be coming from way beyond the Milky Way.
Astronomers have for the first time detected a population of ultrashort radio bursts with properties that strongly suggest that they originate from outside the Milky Way Galaxy. Lasting for a few thousandths of a second and estimated to erupt roughly every 10 seconds, the mysterious bursts are likely to be caused by a previously unknown class of radio-emitting phenomenon, researchers report in Science1.

"This is one of the most important radio discoveries in the last couple of decades," says Scott Ransom, an astronomer at the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Charlottesville, Virginia, who was not part of the study.

Although radio signals that vary over days to months have been recorded from distant galaxies for decades, ultrashort signals from beyond the Milky Way had never been definitively detected, notes study co-author Dan Thornton, an astronomer at the University of Manchester, UK.

He and his colleagues embarked on a search for extragalactic radio bursts after a report in 2007 suggested that one such signal had been tentatively found2.

Using archived data from the 64-metre Parkes Radio Telescope in Australia - the same instrument that had recorded the tentative single burst - Thornton and his collaborators found four bursts that seemed to come from outside the Galaxy.

Red Flag

Russian rocket explodes almost instantly after take-off

Image
A unmanned Russian Proton-M rocket exploded moments after leaving the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan today, destroying its payload of three satellites intended for Russia's Glonass GPS system. Fortunately nobody was injured, but local news service Interfax is reporting that nearly 500 tons of fuel from the craft has contaminated the crash site. There's no word on what caused the disaster, but this model's recent history is fraught with equipment failures -- so if you'd like to see the latest disaster (spoiler: explosions), the video resides after the jump.

Comment: And we're supposed to believe they're going to defend us from incoming space rocks with these things?


Comet 2

Hubble catches Comet ISON hurtling toward the Sun

Fourth of July is the perfect time to watch fiery masses streak across the sky. This speedy guy, the comet ISON, looks like it pretty much fits that bill. Except that it's actually quite icy at its core, and it's barreling toward the sun at around 48,000 miles per hour, faster than any firework.

This five-second loop of video is a compression of images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope over a period of 43 minutes in May, during which ISON covered 34,000 miles.


At the time, the comet was between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, 403 million miles away. As it approaches the sun, it will warm up, and its tail of gas and dust will grow longer as the ice of its nucleus sublimates more quickly. It'll get brighter, and we should be able to see it jaunt across the sky with the naked eye by sometime in November.

Newspaper

Human head transplants close to becoming reality: Italian scientist Sergio Canavero

Dr. Eduardo D. Rodriguez
© GAIL BURTON/APDr. Eduardo D. Rodriguez explains the most extensive full face transplant completed to date performed on Richard Lee Norris (l.). Full head transplants could soon be a possibility, according to Italian scientist Sergio Canavero.
Sergio Canavero says he has improved on a procedure that has been unsuccessful in animal experiments. Head transplants could be used to treat conditions like muscular dystrophy.

In what sounds like a science-fiction novel come to life, one scientist says he is close to being able to affix one person's head to another human body.

Italian scientist Sergio Canavero believes he has come up with an outline to successfully complete the first human head transplant in history, which could lead to solutions for those suffering from muscular dystrophy or tetraplegics with widespread organ failure.

Head transplants have been attempted since the 1950s, when Russian scientist Vladimir Demikhov experimented with dogs. Twenty years later, American neurosurgeon Robert White conducted a successful head transplant by moving the head of one monkey to the body of another. The monkey lived for several days, but because White could not connect the two spinal cords, the monkey eventually died.

Canavero describes in a recent paper a step to connect donor and recipient spinal cords - the one component that was missing from previous procedures.

Info

'Cousin marriage' doubles gene risk for babies: study

Image
© Desconocido
First cousins who marry run twice the risk of having a child with genetic abnormalities, according to the findings of a study in the English city of Bradford, published Friday in The Lancet.

The city, which has a high proportion of South Asian immigrants and their descendants among its population, served as a microcosm for examining the risk of blood relative couplings.

About 37 percent of marriages among people of Pakistani origin in the study involved first cousins, compared to less than one percent of "British unions", said the researchers.

University of Leeds investigator Eamonn Sheridan led a team that pored over data from the "Born in Bradford" study, which tracks the health of 13,500 babies born at the city's main hospital between 2007 and 2011.

Out of 11,396 babies for whom family details were known, 18 percent were the offspring of first-cousin unions, mainly among people of Pakistani heritage.

A total of 386 babies -- three percent -- were born with anomalies ranging from problems in the nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, to urinary and genital defects and cleft palates.

This Bradford rate was nearly twice the national average, said the study.