Science & TechnologyS


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Traces of planet collision found

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© UnknownIn astronomical terms, the collision happened relatively recently
A Nasa space telescope has found evidence of a high-speed collision between two burgeoning planets orbiting a young star.

Astronomers say the cosmic smash-up is similar to the one that formed our Moon some four billion years ago, when a Mars-sized object crashed into Earth.

In this case, two rocky bodies are thought to have slammed into one another in the last few thousand years.

Details are to be published in the Astrophysical Journal.

Info

Can oil form without organic matter?

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© iStockphoto
Sydney: New research reveals that the hydrocarbon elements of oil and gas may be able to form deep in the Earth's crust with out the need for fossilised organic matter.

A team led by researchers at the Carnegie Institution's Geophysical Laboratory, in Washington DC, have studied the chemical reactions of methane at high temperatures and pressures and under oxidising conditions. They say that this shows that - theoretically at least - oil can form deep in the Earth's crust without the need for decomposing plants or animal material.

Most of the crude oil and gas we use was formed hundreds of millions of years ago when vast forests decomposed under great heat and pressure below sediment in the Earth's crust.

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Archaeologists find cuneiform tablets in a 2,700-year old Turkish temple

Cuneiform Tablet 1
An example of cuneiform tablet
Excavations led by a University of Toronto archaeologist at the site of a recently discovered temple in southeastern Turkey have uncovered a cache of cuneiform tablets dating back to the Iron Age period between 1200 and 600 BCE. Found in the temple's cella, or 'holy of holies', the tablets are part of a possible archive that may provide insights into Assyrian imperial aspirations.

The assemblage appears to represent a Neo-Assyrian renovation of an older Neo-Hittite temple complex, providing a rare glimpse into the religious dimension of Assyrian imperial ideology," says Timothy Harrison, professor of near eastern archaeology in the Department of Near & Middle Eastern Civilizations and director of U of T's Tayinat Archaeological Project (TAP). "The tablets, and the information they contain, may possibly highlight the imperial ambitions of one of the great powers of the ancient world, and its lasting influence on the political culture of the Middle East." The cella also contained gold, bronze and iron implements, libation vessels and ornately decorated ritual objects.

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Human Sacrifice? Archaeologist creates stir with new book on Cahokia Mounds

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© Tim Vizer/BNDThe Mound 72 display at the Cahokia Mounds museum
Human sacrifice! Victims buried alive! Read all about it in Cahokia -- Ancient America's Great City on the Mississippi.

According to this new book by University of Illinois archaeologist and professor of anthropology Tim Pauketat, the mound builders were not always the idyllic, corn-growing, pottery-making, fishing-hunting gentle villagers depicted in various dioramas at the Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site in Collinsville.

Pauketat said these long-vanished people practiced human sacrifice of women and men on a mass scale and weren't always careful to bury only the dead.

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Computer scientists take over electronic voting machine with new programming technique

Voting machines must remain secure throughout their entire service lifetime, and this study demonstrates how a relatively new programming technique can be used to take control of a voting machine that was designed to resist takeover.

Computer scientists demonstrated that criminals could hack an electronic voting machine and steal votes using a malicious programming approach that had not been invented when the voting machine was designed. The team of scientists from University of California, San Diego, the University of Michigan, and Princeton University employed "return-oriented programming" to force a Sequoia AVC Advantage electronic voting machine to turn against itself and steal votes.

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Tiny 'MEMS' devices to filter, amplify electronic signals

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© (Purdue News Service photo/Andrew Hancock)Jeffrey Rhoads, a Purdue assistant professor of mechanical engineering, and graduate student Venkata Bharadwaj Chivukula use equipment called a vacuum probe station in research to develop a new class of tiny mechanical devices.
West Lafayette, Ind. -Researchers are developing a new class of tiny mechanical devices containing vibrating, hair-thin structures that could be used to filter electronic signals in cell phones and for other more exotic applications.

Because the devices, called resonators, vibrate in specific patterns, they are able to cancel out signals having certain frequencies and allow others to pass. The result is a new type of "band-pass" filter, a component commonly used in electronics to permit some signals to pass through a cell phone's circuitry while blocking others, said Jeffrey Rhoads, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Purdue University.

Such filters are critical for cell phones and other portable electronics because they allow devices to process signals with minimal interference and maximum transmission efficiency. The new technology represents a potential way to further miniaturize band-pass filters while improving their performance and reducing power use, Rhoads said.

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Something went through Saturn's ring - like the fist of an angry god

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© NASA
Cassini image of something punching through Saturn’s F ring
Deep in the outer realms of our solar system, well over a billion kilometers away, something bizarre happened at Saturn's F ring.

I mean, seriously: what the hell happened here?

This is one of the latest pictures returned from the remarkable human achievement that is the Cassini spacecraft, a probe the size of a school bus that has been orbiting the ringed planet since 2004. It's returned one incredible picture after another, and lately - as Saturn's orbit has brought it to a point where the rings are nearly edge-on to the Sun - things have gotten not only spectacular but also really weird.

The rings are incredibly thin, only a few meters in thickness despite being hundreds of thousands of kilometers across. Over the past few months, as the Sun shines almost straight into the rings (instead of down on them), every bump and irregularity sticks out like, well, like a tree in the desert. Weird gravitational effects from Saturn's fleet of moons tune and resonate the countless particles making up the rings, creating beautiful waves and ripples.

But this, this is something new.

Comment: Perhaps, if it doesn't come smashing on top of your head.


Attention

Brain radiotherapy affects mind

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© SPL/BBCRadiotherapy is a common treatment for brain tumours
Radiotherapy used to treat brain tumours may lead to a decline in mental function many years down the line, say Dutch researchers.

A study of 65 patients, 12 years after they were treated, found those who had radiotherapy were more likely to have problems with memory and attention.

Writing in The Lancet Neurology, the researchers said doctors should hold off using radiotherapy where possible.

One UK expert said doctors were cautious about using radiotherapy.

The patients in the study all had a form of brain tumour called a low-grade glioma - one of the most common types of brain tumour.

In these cases radiotherapy is commonly given after initial surgery to remove the tumour, but there is some debate about whether this should be done immediately or used only if the cancer returns.

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The Flow of Viral Video - Information Spreads Like a Viral Epidemic

Veuve Cliquot
French champagne house Veuve Cliquot was a victim of an e-mail hoax that promised readers a case of champagne for forwarding a message. Researchers who study networks have shed some light on why the hoax spread so quickly.
Why do some rumors spread like wildfire but burn out quickly, while others seem to smolder for years?

According to recently published physics research, it's all in the different ways people handle information.

Take the Web page of French champagne house Veuve Cliquot, for example. It features quite a cordial warning.

"Dear websurfer, A promotional deal is currently on the Net regarding a free offer of a case of 6 bottles of Veuve Cliquot champagne. This is a hoax, totally beyond our control ... We strongly condemn the author of this hoax and hope that it will end."

The warning refers to an email hoax that promised readers the case of champagne for forwarding the message, ostensibly as a reward for helping expand the company's email database. It's been circulating for more than four years. The disclaimer was added to the site over two years ago.

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Flashback New York's Gas Rush Poses Environmental Threat

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© Lori ZunnoOwners of this state-protected wetland near Oxford, N.Y. learned that a water services company was withdrawing water for use in a nearby gas drilling operation. New York does not uniformly regulate water withdrawals for industrial use and does not have a comprehensive plan to provide the millions of gallons of water needed for proposed drilling of the Marcellus Shale
On May 29 New York state's top environmental officials assured state lawmakers that plans to drill for natural gas near the watershed that supplies New York City's drinking water posed little danger.

A survey of other states had found "not one instance of drinking water contamination " from the water-intensive, horizontal drilling that would take place across New York's southern tier, the officials told lawmakers in Albany.

Reassured, the legislature quickly approved a bill to speed up the permitting process for a huge influx of wells that could bring the state upwards of $1 billion in annual revenue. Gov. David Paterson has until Wednesday to decide whether he will sign the bill, and the state's Department of Environmental Conservation, or DEC, says drilling permits could be approved in as little as 12 weeks.

But a joint investigation by ProPublica and New York City public radio station WNYC found that this type of drilling has caused significant environmental harm in other states and could affect the watershed that supplies New York City's drinking water.

In New Mexico, oil and gas drilling that uses waste pits comparable to those planned for New York has already caused toxic chemicals to leach into the water table at some 800 sites. Colorado has reported more than 300 spills affecting its ground water.

DEC officials told ProPublica and WNYC they were not aware of those incidents, even though some of the information could have been found through a rudimentary Internet search. The officials couldn't say for sure how New York would dispose of the millions of gallons of hazardous fluids that are byproducts of this type of drilling, and they learned only recently that the new drilling techniques would pump trace amounts of toxic chemicals into the ground. Four days after one interview, the DEC drafted a letter to the drilling companies, asking for detailed information about the type and amount of chemicals they will use.